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Reproduction in Organism

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Re- Again + Production- to, produce, , , The process by which and organism Reproductioeir young, ones similar to themselves is called reproduction., , , , Reproduction is an essential proess to maintain the, existence of a particular species on the earth., TYPES OF REPRODUCTION, , 1. Asexual reproduction., , 2. Sexual Reproduction, , , , The type of reproduction in which single parent is involved, and no fusion of gametes takes place is known as asexual, reproduction., , , , Offsprings are identical to parents and no fertilization, occurs during asexual reproduction., , ANNEX BIOLOGY By – RAJU SIR

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Sexual Reproduction

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Sexual Reproduction, , , The mode of reproduction in which double parents are involved and, fusion of male gamete with female gamete takes place., , , , Fertilization occurs., , , , Variations are found in the progeny/offsprings / young ones., , , , Accumulation of variations causes Evolution.

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Modes of Asexual reproduction

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1. Fission, , , Fission is classified into two types., , , , BINARY FISSION - It is the splitting up of an, organism into 2 parts that grows independently into, new organisms., , , , The genetic material DNA is duplicated and distributed, among the two daughter cell., , , , The offsprings will be exactly identical to the the the, parent organism., , , , Prokayotes such as archea , bacteria & Amoeba ,, paramaecium reproduces by binary fission.

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Binary fission in Amoeba

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Multiple fission, , , It is the splitting of an organism into multiple parts that grow, independently into new organisms., , , , The process of multiple fission in plasmodium is described below, with the help of following points ., , 1., , The nucleus of the cell undergoes divisions repeatedly., , 2., , Each nucleus gates surrounded by a bit of cytoplasm that gets, enveloped buy plasma membrane., , 3., , Thus, many daughter cells are produced within a protective wall, called cyst., , 4., , Under favourable conditions, the cysts brusts and the daughter, cells are released., , eg. Plasmodium (multicellular protozoan)

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Budding, , , The bird is formed through repeated mitotic divisionis a mode of asexual, reproduction in which new organisms is developed from small parts of, parents body called Bud., , , , The unicellular fungus yeast reproduces through the process of budding., Hydra an organism belonging to phylum Cnidaria also reproduces by the, process of budding., , , , Process of budding in Hydra, , 1., , A small bird develops from the body of parent body., , 2., , The bud is formed through repeated mitotic division., , 3., , The small bud obtains nourishment from the parent Hydra body and grows., , 4., , As the bud matures it starts to develop a small tentacles and mouth on its, body., , 5., , When the bud attains maturity it detached itself from the parent body and, lives independently as a new individual.

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Budding in Yeast & Hydra

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Fragmentation, , , It is a method of asexual reproduction in which an, organism divides its body into many samall fragments, and each fragments becomes a new individual., , , , Fragmentation is a common method of reproduction, in algae and fungi., FRAGMENTATION IN ALGAE, , , , When filamentous thallus of algae undergoes, accidental breakage the fragments develop into new, organism.

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Regeneration, , , It is the mode of asexual reproduction in which there is a, development of new organism from a part of parent, organism., , , , It is also the ability of an organism to regrow its lost part ., Eg. flatworm (planaria ),hydra etc., , , , REGENERATION IN PLANARIA, , 1., , The parent organism detached its tail end., , 2., , Each separated half regrows the lost parts., , 3., , New organism are formed after growth of all body parts.

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Spore formation, , , In this method, lower plant organism produce globular structure called, sporangia which contain spores., , , , When sporangia ripe , they burst open to release spores., , , , These spores are very light and they have a hard protective coat.The spores, develops in the same way as seedlings develop into plants., , , , This method of asexual reproduction is seen in fungi, mosses, ferns etc., SPORE FORMATION IN RHIZOPUS, , 1., , Rhizopus posesses thread like projections called hyphae from which small, spherical structure ,called sporangium, is developed., , 2., , Several reproductive units called as polls are produced inside the sporangium., , 3., , When the sporangium brusts,spores are released and spread.After getting, favourable conditions these spores germinate into new organism.

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Vegetative propagation, , , , The mode of asexual reproduction in which an organism, reproduces from its vegetative parts i.e root,stem and, leaves., , , , Vegetative propagation can take place in two ways, , 1., , Natural vegetative propagation, , 2., , Artificial vegetative propagation