Page 1 :
Chapter 1, Development, , Let's Work these Out-Pg-6, , Q.1 Why do different persons have different notions of development?, Which of the following explanations is more important and why?, , (a) Because people are different., , (b) Because life situations of persons are different., , Ans.: The argument in favor of above mentioned statement is that people, are different and the second one is life situations of persons are different, so second one is more important about different notions of development, for different people., , The development or growth of a person totally depends on the situation, around him., , A person living in a village and there is no accessibility of road then, construction of roads would be needed to develop that area. If a person is, living in a metro city and finds difficulty to commute his workplace then, the construction of rapid transit system would be the need in that area and, for that person., , Q.2 Do the following two statements mean the same? Justify your answer., People have different developmental goals., , People have conflicting developmental goals., , Ans.: Both the statements are true but differ in meaning. People may have, different goals but it is not necessary that their path will be conflicting and, the same as well.

Page 2 :
For example: If a flyover is being constructed to reduce the waiting time, at the railway station then it is the development goal for the person, working at office. But by demolishing the necessities of slum by, constructing can be contradictory for the slum dwellers., , Q.3 Give some examples where factors other than income are important, aspects of our lives., , Ans.: Money is one of the other factors which is more important for, fulfilling the basic requirements of life but it is not the sole factor which, should be termed superior. Because good income will be useless if a, person does not have the capacity or is not capable to move even here and, there because of health issues. So, health as well as money is important., We can also say that both are complimentary. Not only this if good, schools are not available in the neighborhood then it is difficult to provide, education to the children so that the can be able to spend their money, earned at right place at right time., , Q.4 Explain some of the important ideas of the above section in your own, words., , Ans.: The above section is completely based on income and other different, goals of people. Everyone has its own goal but besides seeking more and, more opportunities to earn they want freedom, respect and security as, well. The main factor on which an life of a particular person is dependent, is income but quality of life also matters. One cannot keep chasing, materialistic things., , Let's Work these Out-Pg-7, , Q.1 Look at the picture on the right. What should be the developmental, goals for such an area?

Page 3 :
Ans.: The developmental goals for such an area should be:, , A secure ownership should be provided of the land on which they live., Availing the services like electricity, water and sanitation., Removing unemployment by providing more and more job opportunities., , Medical facilities and hospitals., , Q.2 Read the newspaper report and answer the questions that follow:, , A vessel dumped 500 tonnes of liquid toxic wastes into open-air dumps, in a city and in the surrounding sea. This happened ina city called Abidjan, in Ivory Coast, a country in Africa. The fumes from the highly toxic waste, caused nausea, skin rashes, fainting, diarrhea etc. After a month, seven, persons were dead, twenty in hospital and twenty six thousand treated for, symptoms of poisoning., , A multinational company dealing in petroleum and metals had contracted, a local company of the Ivory Coast to dispose the toxic waste from its, ship., , (1) Who are the people who benefited and who did not?

Page 4 :
(ii) What should be the developmental goal for this country?, , Ans.: (i) the people who have dumped the toxic waste are the benefitted, and the people who haven’t are not benefitted and they belonged to, Abidjan in Ivory Coast, a country in Africa, where people were not aware, of hygiene issues and they kept committing mistakes daily and now they, are suffering., , (ii) The development goals for the citizens of this country are to increase, or raise their awareness towards the Pollution due to which they are, getting suffered, like they don’t know about sanitation and they keep, dumping tonnes of liquid toxic waste in open-air in a city that causes, nausea, skin rashes, fainting, diarrhea etc., , Q.3 What can be some of the developmental goals for your village, town, or locality?, , Ans.: As we know that rural areas are very hard to improve specially, where there is no literacy and no hygiene. It becomes very difficult task, to convince people for any change as they are very conservative and they, don’t want to accept changes rather than keep following their old and, nonsense traditions. SO, if I say then many more important development, goals should be there like sanitation, security, per capita income,, education etc., , Let's Work these Out-Pg-9, , Q.1 Give three examples where an average is used for comparing, situations., , Ans.: Examples where an average is used for comparing situations are as, follows:

Page 5 :
a) Measuring the height of students in a class with a large number of, students., , b) Collecting the data of income of people of a particular state., , c) Forest cover in a country., , Q.2 Why do you think average income is an important criterion for, development? Explain., , Ans.: Average income is an important criterion for development. As we, know that money is basic and most vital factor for any country as it allows, its citizens to fulfill their requirements. If the average income ofa country, is on a higher side, then chances of development will be better, if the, average income of a country is on lower side then chances of the, development will be less possible., , Hence, average income is an important criterion for development., , Q.3 Besides size of per capita income, what other property of income is, important in comparing two or more societies?, , Ans.: Besides the size of per capita income, there is purchasing power, parity as it shows the ability of people to purchase items and their behavior, too must not be ignored in this case. In comparison of two or more, societies few more factors can be included like gross domestic product,, infant mortality rate, distribution of income and many more things., , Q.4 Suppose records show that the average income in a country has been, increasing over a period of time. From this, can we conclude that all, sections of the economy have become better? Illustrate your answer with, an example.