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1. When the actual words spoken are quoted, it is called Direct Speech., 2. When we report without quoting the exact words spoken it is called Indirect Speech., Example:, Ram said, “I am very busy now.” (Direct)., Ram said that he was very busy then. (Indirect), Note:, In the Direct Speech, inverted commas are used to show the exact words of the speaker. In Indirect Speech, it is not so., In the Indirect Speech, a conjunction that is used before the indirect statement., The pronoun ‘l’ is changed to ‘he’., The verb ‘am’ is changed to ‘was’., The adverb ‘now’ is changed to ‘then’., Remember, When the reporting verb is in the past tense, all present tenses of the direct speech are changed into the corresponding past tenses., am/is → was, will → would, are → were, can → could, do/does → did, want/like/know/go, etc. → wanted/liked/went, have/has → had, The past simple (did/saw/knew, etc.) can usually stay the same in reported speech or can be changed to the past perfect (had done/had seen/had known, etc.), Harjot said: “I woke up feeling ill, so I didn’t go to school.” – (direct), Harjot said that she woke up feeling ill, so she didn’t go to school. – (reported), Or, Harjot said she had woken up feeling ill, so she hadn’t gone to school. (reported), (a) A simple present becomes a simple past., Direct : He said, “I am unwell.”, Indirect : He said that he was unwell., (b) A present continuous becomes a past continuous., Direct : He said, “My master is writing letters.”, Indirect : He said that his master was writing letters., (c) A present perfect becomes a past perfect., Direct : He said, “I have passed the examination.”, Indirect : He said that he had passed the examination., (d) The simple past becomes the past perfect., Direct : He said, “The horse died in the night.”, Indirect : He said that the horse had died in the night., If the reporting verb is in the present tense the tenses of the direct speech do not change. We may thus rewrite the given examples putting the reporting verb in the present tense., He says he is unwell., He has just said his master is writing letters., He says he has passed the examination., He says the horse died in the night., Words expressing nearness in time or place are changed into words expressing distance., Direct And Indirect Speech Worksheets, In reporting questions, indirect speech is introduced by verbs as ‘asked’, ‘inquired’ etc., Direct : He said to me, “What are you doing?”, Indirect : He asked me what I was doing., When the question is not introduced by an interrogative word the reporting verb is followed by ‘if’ or ‘whether’., Direct : He said, “Will you listen to such a man?”, Indirect : He asked them if/whether they would listen to such a man., Reported Speech Commands And Requests Examples, Imperative mood is changed into the infinitive and verbs expressing command or request to introduce indirect speech., Direct : Ram said to Arjun, “Go away.”, Indirect : Ram ordered Arjun to go away., Direct : He said to him, “Please wait here till I return.”, Indirect : He requested him to wait there till he returned., Direct and Indirect Exclamatory and Wishes Example, Words expressing exclamation or wish to introduce the Indirect Speech., Direct : Ela said, “How clever I am!”, Indirect : Ela exclaimed that she was very clever., Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:, The captain said, “Bravo! well done, my boys.”, He said to her, “Why do you read this book?”, He said to her, “Does your cow not kick?”, He said to his brother, “Shailesh has broken my glass.”, Our teacher said, “The earth revolves around the sun.”, He said to me, “Why have you come here?”, Usha said, “Father, you are very kind to me.”, The teacher said to the boys, “Do not make a noise.”, He said to his friend, “May you prosper in business!”, The officer said to the peon, “Let the visitor come into my office.”, Reported Speech Dialogue Exercises Answers PDF, Reporting of the words of a speaker in one’s own words is called Narration. There are two ways of reporting what people say: Direct Speech and Indirect Speech. Direct Speech. The actual words of the speaker using quotation marks are called Direct Speech. Indirect Speech. When we convey the speaker’s words in our own words it becomes Indirect Speech. It is the reporting of speakers’ words, using a saying or asking verbs. In indirect, verbs giving or asking for instructing are often used with a to-infinitive construction. Verbs expressing intention may also be followed by a to-infinitive.