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649, , Media Technologies, RIGIN, , OFNEWSPAPER, , IN INDIA, , Newspaper industry in any country is related to, of rinting press and it was Johann, beginning, the, who nvented printing press in 1455., , JAMES AUGUSTUS Hicky, remembered by, , transplanted, Westerners as 'Papa of the Indian Press', of, framework, in, journalism, the western discursive, Bengal, Calcutta through the establishment, , Guttenberg, Thus in, , ndia too, the ginning of newspaper is, to, , r e l a t e d, , Portuguese, , in, , British, , 1557, , Gazette, the first Newspaper of India on January 20,, order, with the view of building up a new epistemic, in India. But the monthly gazette was the beginning, current newsof Indian Journalism. Compared to, size. It was, was smaller in, papers, Hicky's Gazette, in breadth., inches, twelve inches in length and seven, on, , the beginning of the press. The, introdu, luced the printing press in Goa,, East India, , Company brought, , in India and first press, about, s, about the printing press 1674., the, in, at, Ironically,, rolled Bombay, was strolled in 1674, yet there, first printing press, being published for another, was no newspaper, , columns, each, It had only two sheets with three, the pages. Its, of, sides, both, on, was, printed, page and, 200 copies. The, circulation was limited; not exceeding, the employees of East, readership was confined to, chiefly traders., Company and other Europeans,, , Was, , 100 years., who, William Bolts, , was an, , India, , officer in the, , The editor, readers. In, , praises, , The Tatler of Richard, and, , tone. Some stories, was moral in, Addison, w e r e also, Joseph, affairs, local gossip, of scandals, love, to the life of the, a mirror, a c c o m m o d a t e d to hold, was, in Calcutta. Full reporting, European community balls and dances., done of the, , India, to be published in, The first newspaper, which, Calcutta, , general,, , or, , occasionally, , named as, Later, it w a s, was a weekly newspaper., started, declared that he, Gazette'. Hickey, and, Hickey's, corruption, to, , was, , favoritism, , Raja Ram, , the n e w s p a p e r, , all the, , expose, , covered, and thus he, of the Company, and did not, of the company, inner, , Raja, , newspapers, , magazines in, , (Persian),, , namely, , and, , Mirat-ul-Akbar, , (Bengali),, Sambad Kaumudi, , b r a h a m a n i c a l magazine, , (English). It, , HIC K, BENGAL, , owned, , in Bombay w e r e, The first newspapers, owned the, Parsis, who already, by, ventures., and printed, basis for such ventures., and financial, financial, technological, technological, English, first English, printed the first, Keshaspathi, Rustomji, Kustomji, , out free, , the year 1821,, , these n e w s p a p e r s, the first time that through, readers, to cover all the, MMohan Roy tried, , in India., , fights, , governor general., spare e v e n the, published, Ram Mohan Roy, , There, , were, , Folly of a, reminded us of the papers like, French Refinements' Steele and The Spectator of, , tration., , Bengal Gazette, , large, , a, , the, , to, rather wrote, directly, number of letters published,, , showered on the efforts of Hicky., Advertisethe Poets' Corner., was a space for poets,, and the, auctions w e r e printed, ments mainly about, Fashions,, London, entitled, articles, which w e r e, from, 'Evils that Arise, Fashionable Life' and, , hand written newspaper, company, asked the, wrote the newspaper and, in 1776. He, aim, his residence to read it. The, people to come to, British Company, w a s to inform, of this newspaper, and also to bring, news from home, in India to the, colonial adminisabout the grievances against, announced a, , was, , spoke,, , r's, , GAZETTE;, INAL, OR I G, , lE, CalcuttaOR T, General, 27", , Wuti, , P a ' a l and, , CnmiY,i d i 4 4 " ,, March, , From, , 3d, , to, , Advertifer., all P'artith,fa, , duturday, , March, , m, , ca, , None, , 1o:h 1781., , Saturday, , sliq t i, , 'RenaalGazette', , No., , vI

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New Media Technologies, , 650, , Gazette., Gazette., , vernmacular, , in 1777. The first, newspaper in Bombay, daily, in Bombay was the Gujarati, newspaper, in 1822 by Fardoonjee, MumbaiSamachar. published first, an, newspaper in, Marzban. Although not the, still being, Mumbai Samachar is, Indian, , language,, , oldest newspaper., from the, of the Indian press,, history, 200-vear, the history of, to the present day, is, , published and is India's, time of Hicky, , ended., , tor treedom,, , which has not yet, and, periods of freedom, , Struggle, dThere, has been alternating, freedom, , repression., amounting to, , of restrictions on, was, meant for publication, newspaper, first, The, he asked, William Bolts and, a n n o u n c e d ' in 1776 by, read the, , residence to, come to his, those interested to, function of, had the twin, This 'newspaper', from, to n e w s, news., the British community, , intorming, , grievances, home, and of ventilating, , against the, , colonial administration., , Augustus Hicky, only until James, Gazette (also called, his, Bengal, start, to, , But it, dared, , was, , ofjournalism, , in 1780 that the age, taste, had already hada, in India. England, and, of Addison and Steele,, papers, the, Spectator, of, , Hicky's Gazette), , dawned, , learnt, as well, and, of lesser-known periodicals, essayists, to, about the power of the periodical, m a n n e r s of society., laugh to scorn the, was rife among, Political and social corruption, when Hicky,, , the British sent to rule o u r country, launched his Gazette 'in, a printer by profession,, freedom for my mind and, order to, , purchase, , soul'. He described the, , Bengal Gazette (later, , 'weekly political and, influecommercial paper open to all parties but, Hicky's Gazette), , as a, , individuals, nced none'. His venom was aimed at, like Mr. Warren Hastings and their private, affairs. He published announcements of, and of likely' engamarriages and engagements,, a year later, Sir Warren Hastings, , stopped, , from, , was stopped used, YPes used, when the types, , He, , was, , the, writing for, only, out, out his weekly oniy wnet, , bringing, for, , printing, Five, , were, , seized., made, , their, , newspapers, , in six years, , time-all, time-all, , earance in, by English., , appearance, , ta, ar, rt, te, ed, a, st, , received, newspapers, these, of, Some, Madras Courier an., and, men., The, he Maaras, ourier and, patronage., patronage., in, the, l, a, u, n, c, h, e, d, two, government, Wo, government, then launched, Herald w e r e, to thegovernment,, the Bombay, were submisSIve, circulation, cities. They, The total circulation of, , Bengal, , T, , t, , total, , flourished., flourished., , and therefore, weeklies, all these, , was, , not, , m, mo, or e, , issued Press, , than, than, , vet, 2,000; yet,, , Regulations making, , the government, of the printer, editor, of the n a m e, publication, the, The regulations also, obligatory., and proprietor, t h e m s e l v e s to the, declare, to, these, ordered, and they submit all, the government;, of, secretary, e x a m i n a t i o n to the same, m a t e r i a l for, material, , authority., , prior, , examination, , Pre-censorship, , years, journalist for many, , was, , to, , to, , dog the Indian, , come., , Indian language journalism, pioneers of, Miis, ss, siio, on, na, ar, riie, es, s with Samachar, M, the, Serampore, were, periodicals, and Raja, and other Bengali, The, , Darpan, , with his Persian newspaper, Ram Mohan Roy, of Ram Mohan Roy, the, Mirat-ul- Akbar. The object, the paper was to, social reformer, in starting, articles of inteligence as, before the public such, and tend to their, increase their experience,, may, rulers, to 'indicate to the, social improvement and, real situation of their subjects,, a knowledge of the, acquainted with the, , lay, , and make the subjects, rules'. Roy, established laws and customs of their, his paper later in protest against, ceased, , publishing, , the government's press Regulations., The Bombay Samachar, a Gujarati newspaper,, betore, appeared in 1822. It was almost a decade, Vartaman, daily vernacular papers like Mombai, (1830), the Jan-e-Jamshed(1831), and the Bombay, , Barely, gements., denied, all postal facilities to Hicky who hit back, , a, Darpan (1850), began publication. In the, Tamil and a Telugu newspaper was establisheu, , with these words; 'Mr. Hicky considers the, , with the aid of a government grant, and in e, , liberty of the press to be essential to the very, , north West Provinces, a Hindi and an Urdu per, , existence of an Englishman and a free govern-, , dical started off under the government's patro, , ment. The subject should have full liberty to, declare his principles and opinions, and every, act which tends to persuade that liberty is, , nage. The Bengali press with as many as nin, newspapers in 1839 had a circulation of aron, 200 copies each, even as the British press with 20, , tyrannical and injurious to the community'., InJune the following year, Hicky was arrested, , newspapers grew in strength and power, unu, , south,, , der, , and thrust into jail, from where he continued, , the liberal rule of Lord Metcalfe, and later of L, Auckland.