Page 1 :
Course on, UNIT - 5 : Children and Women in, Sports..!!, Along-with Important Questions
Page 2 :
Unit Contents, 1.1 Motor development & factors affecting it, 1.2 Exercise Guidelines at different stages of growth &, Development, 1.3 Common Postural Deformities - Knock Knee; Flat Foot; Round, Shoulders; Lordosis, Kyphosis, Bow Legs and Scoliosis and their, corrective measures, 1.4 Sports participation of women in India, 1.5 Special consideration (Menarch & Menstural Disfunction), 1.6 Female Athletes Triad (Oestoperosis, Amenoria, Eating, Disorders)
Page 6 :
Motor development refers to the, development of a child’s bones, muscles and, ability to move around and manipulate, his/her environment., In other words, motor development is the, progressive change in movement throughout, the life cycle.
Page 7 :
Motor development can be divided into two, types i.e,. gross motor development and fine, motor development.
Page 8 :
1. Gross motor development: It involves the, development of large muscles in the child’s, body such as sitting, walking, running, climbing, etc., 2. Fine motor development. It involves the small, muscles of the body specially in the small, movement of the fingers and hands. For example,, holding of javelin, discus, pole, catching a cricketball, smashing a volley ball etc.
Page 9 :
The following are the most important factor, which affect he motor development in, children., 1. Heredity: Children get ‘genes’ for all the, developments from their parents. It has, been seen motor development of a child, follows the same pattern as of their, parents. These factors are related to body, weight, size and strength.
Page 10 :
2. Environmental Factors: Environmental, factors such as physical and social factors, are likely to effect the motor development., Encouragement, love and security help the, child to take risk to explore fearlessly which, leads to better motor development. Those, children, who are not encouraged or, motivated towards motor activities have slow, rate of motor development.
Page 11 :
3. Nutrition: Nutritive food promoter good motor, development. If they get nutritive food, they get, stronger & their development is good. If they don’t, get proper nutrition they are found to be less, energetic & their motor development taken place, slowly., 4. Physical Activities: Those children, who do not, perform or practice physical activities regularly their, motor development becomes slow.
Page 12 :
5. Opportunities:, Children who get more opportunities to, perform more activities, motor development, is better in them. Opportunities to play give, a better chance of developing sensory, motor activities. If proper opportunities, are not given to children their motor, development cannot take place in those, children properly.
Page 13 :
6. Disability and Disease: Disability and disease, affects motor development. It reduces perfection in, motor skills whereas healthy person gain faster, motor development., 7. Body Weight: Overweight and obese children, have less motor development whereas healthy child, has more skill perfection., 8. Mental Ability: Motor development depends, upon mental level, thus small children have less, perfection.
Page 14 :
9. Regular Practice: With regular practice, motor development and perfection is gained., 10. Immunization : If mother and child both are, immunized at a proper time it leads to good, sensory motor development.
Page 15 :
5.2 Exercise Guidelines at Different Stages of, Growth and Development.
Page 16 :
1. Infancy (0-2 years), · Exercise to develop head control, sitting, & crawling,, · Gross motor activities should be, promoted,, · Exercise for moving arms, legs, reaching, to object,, · Exercise like throwing, catching & kicking, a ball,
Page 17 :
2. Early childhood (2 to 6 years), · Exercise to develop competence in movement, skills., · Emphasis on participation not on competition., · Activities related to fine motor skills., · Minimum one hour regular medium exercise., · Recreative & enjoyable methods of physical, activities., · Clean & safe environment.
Page 18 :
3. Middle child hood (7 to 10 years), · Exercise to develop fine & gross motor skills, · Exercises to build & improve co-ordination, skills, · Exercises to develop synchronize the, movements of body’s parts., · Introduction of major sports activities, cognitive and social skills.
Page 19 :
4. Later childhood (11 to 12 years), · Exercise to develop body control, strength, and coordination., · Activities related to endurance should be, avoided., · Organized or team games to develop social, consciousness., · Teach basic rules of sports i.e., fair, play,, simple strategies., · Introduction to concept of sport training.
Page 20 :
5. Adolescence (13 to 19 years), · Moderate to vigorous intensity physical, activity., · 60 min to several hours everyday., · Muscle strengthening exercise at least 3, times a week., · Bone strengthening exercise and resistance, exercise by weight training., · Running swimming etc. for stamina building.
Page 21 :
6. Adult hood (19-60 years), · Moderate intensity physical every day., · Muscles strengthening exercise at lest 2 times, a week., · Bone strengthening exercise and resistance, exercise., · Running, swimming, etc. for stamina building.
Page 22 :
7. Old age (60 years and above), · At least 5 days of moderate intensity activities, such as walking, light-jump etc. It should be done, for above 45- 60 minutes. These actions should be, done over a period of 10-10 minutes., · Those who are more active than an elderly, mature, They should do more than 30 minutes of, high-strength activity, combined with the actions of, moderate intensity. Such as climbing stairs, running, etc.
Page 23 :
5.3 Common Postural Deformities, and their Corrective Measures, Postural deformity is the malformation, of any components are body part or, joint of the body.
Page 25 :
1. Knock Knee A postural deformity in which both the knees, touch or overlap each other in normal standing, position., Causes of knock knee, (ì) Weakness of muscles and ligaments, (ii)Overweight body, (iii)Lack of balanced diet, (iv)Lack of vitamin-D
Page 27 :
Corrective measures of Knock Knees :, Walking on an outward inclining surface and, applying pressure on the outer edge of the, feet
Page 28 :
2. Flat Foot, It is a deformity of the feet. In this deformity,, there is no arc in the foot and the foot, is completely flat., Causes of Flat foot:, 1.Faulty posture, 2.Prolonged standing, 3.Excessive body weight, 4.Lack of proper exercise
Page 30 :
Corrective measures of flat foot:, 1.Heel and toe Walking, 2.Walking on heels, 3.Walking on sloping surface
Page 31 :
3.Round Shoulder:, It is a postural deformity in which the, shoulders are drawn, the head is, extended with the chin pointing forward., Causes of round shoulders, (i) Due to poor posture while working, (ii) Faulty furniture, (iii) Wrong habit of sitting / standing, (iv) Carrying heavy load on shoulders, (V)mBy sleeping on one side
Page 33 :
Corrective measures of Round Shoulders :, 1. Regular Exercise, 2. Leaning back on the chair
Page 34 :
4. Kyphosis, It is a deformity of the spine in which there is, an increase or exaggeration of a backward, curve., Cause of Kyphosis:, 1.Habit of holding the head forward in an, abnormal manner
Page 37 :
5. Bow Legs is a deformity opposite knock, knee. In fact, if there is a wide gap between, the knees, the deformity can be observed, easily., Causes of Bow Legs:, 1.Deficiency of Calcium and Phosphorus
Page 39 :
Corrective Measures of Bow legs:, 1.Feed calcium to children
Page 40 :
6. Lordosis, It is a common defect in deformity & posture., Here lumber curve becomes more, pronounced and front central position of pelvic, region is tilted forward., Cause of Lordosis :, 1.Bad posture
Page 42 :
Corrective measures of Lordosis :, (i) Forward bending, (ii) Alternate toe touching, (iii) Sloop walking, (iv) Perform paschimotan Asana
Page 43 :
7. Scoliosis, It is a postural defect in which there may be, one large lateral curve extending through the, whole length of spine., Cause of Scoliosis:, 1.Some disease or injury, 2.Adoption of wrong sitting position during, study
Page 46 :
5.4 Sports Participation of Women in India, Sports Participation of women means women, Participation in the field of sports and games., In 1952 Olympic games, the first India women, took part. In 2000 Olympia games, Karnam, Malleshwari (weight lifting) become the first, Indian women to have won a bronze medal.
Page 48 :
Q.1. Choose the correct one, A, B, 1. Infancy, a. 13-18 yrs, 2. Old age, b. 19 to 59 yrs, 3. adulthood, c. 60 yrs and above, 4. adolescences d. 3 to 12 yrs, 5. childhood, e. 0-2 yrs, 1. 1–a, 2–b, 3–c, 4–d, 5–e, 2.. 1–e, 2–c, 3–b, 4–a, 5–d., 3. 1–e, 2–d, 3–c, 4–b, 5–a, 4. 1–b, 2-c, 3-d, 4–a, 5–e
Page 49 :
Thank You, Like Share Recommend, Follow me :, , https://YouTube.com/user/APpedia
