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TYPES OF EDUCATION, , ‘Education is perceived as the most important tool for both accumulation ~, of social assets and formation and accumulation of social capital. Education in —, modern industrial societies tends to be considered as a standardized process ~, whereby teachers instruct students in a specialized institution, But from, anthropological perspective, it is much more than this. It includes all the cultural _, influences that are brought to bear upon the individual during the early years of, his life, and by which the helpless infant becomes a mature member ofa community, equipped with all the knowledge, skills and social sentiments which characterize —, members of that community. Education, as is organized and imparted, can be, , classified as three: (1) Formal education (2) Informal education (3) Non-formal, education, , o, x FORMAL EDUCATION, , Ne "Formal education is the type of education ee ], way by observing all types of official procedures. . It is _a pre, education, where specific aims are well fixed in, eciied and Rromicdoedcen is given to the selected, , It is consciously and deliberatel Tanned, , Formal education normally dese, educational institutions such as schoo S, where a programme of study results in, , , , According to Coombs forn, hierarchically structured, chronol., Jrom primary school through the ui, academic studies, a variety of 5;, time technical and professiona, , Tn the formal kind of edu, and the educand has to arrive it, education. The length of suck, , , , In short, formal ed
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students done in the schools, colleges and universities under the supervision, and monitoring of state agencies., , 4, Characteristics of Formal Education, , Formal education is limited to a specific period, extent, stage, and is provided, in the framework of certain set ruled and regulations through formal educational, institutions by professionally qualified teachers, The following are the important, , characteristics of formal education: _, 1. — Itis direct schooling, instruction and tuition., 2. Itis hierarchically structured, chronologically graded, officially fabricated, and institutionalized. :, 3, It is a type of education that incorporates formalism. Many types" of, formalities are observed here., STR aeaa, , 4. Formal learning is typically institutionally sponsored, classroom-based,, well organized and hi ighly structured., , 5. There are always fixed goals a and conscious efforts to achieve fina goals, , , , 6. There is always a well-defined and clear cut curriculum,, , ————_—, , 7. The aims of education, curriculum, Pictiod of teaching and the role of, teacher are pre-determined in this type of education. ee, , , , , , , , , , , , 8. Itis aconsciously received education for which deliberate, both by the teacher and the leaner : :, , 9. Formal education consists of systematic instruction, te, by professional teachers., , 10. It follows a predetermined syllabus, fixed time-tab, and qualifying examination., , 2. Evaluation of Formal Education, , A. Advantages of formal education, hi, living among fellow students of the sami, , (b) Formal education can be specifically a, number of children simultaneously.
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nts leam things i 4 disciplined way. That gradyyy,, , (c) It makes the stude, If discipline in the students., , imbibes the quality of se, parted during the formative period of :, , (d) Since formal education is im, development of m, : any aspects gf, , individual, it can bring about harmonious, the personality of the learner., , Since it is delivered through well organized machinery, the policies ang, , (e), society) can be easily implemented,, , programmes of the state (the, , () Ithelps to equip the bulk of man power syst systematically and methodically sy, sand national development., , as to contribute to: social progress, , B. Disadvantages of formal education, , (a) Because of its completely formal nature, formal education often fails to, , : “ 3 ‘ : a, , touch certain aspects of one’s personality and leaves it completely, undeveloped., , (b) Attimes, it can also become so detached from reality that it hinders rat, , than help the learner in satisfying his needs. ‘, , (c) Because of its rigidity, financial burden and too many official formalitie, is not accessible to many especially to those vid social and econ, , handicaps., , CS It is more or less an unnatural way of teachin;, , (e) The rigid time- stable: over crowded cur, , education a great ‘barrier on, development of the individual., , () The compulsory nature of for, , Informal education, naturally and incidentally, aims, no definite curricul, and trained teachers, an
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7. Noconscious efforts are made either by the teacher or the taught. It is aj a, natural way of teaching-learning., , 8. There are no fixed or appointed teachers. Anybody and everybody can be, a teacher in an informal situation., , 9. This type of education never completed as there is no fixed syllabus,, 10. Ininformal education, there are no examinations of any type., 2. Evaluation of Informal Education, , A, Advantages of informal education, , (a) Informal learning happens unconsciously and spontaneously. So it never, produces strain of any type in the mind of the learner., , (b) Since it is a natural and inherent way of teaching learning, it elimind, many of the undesirable psychological impacts of formal education., , (c) Since the learner is self motivated in the process of learning, effective a d, meaningful learning takes place in the informal education., , (d) Ininformal education, learning is always situational. So they are remembet, for long., , (e) When people learn in families, groups, workplaces, or other social set, their interpretation of a sitnation and consequent actions are hi, influenced by social and cultural norms of others. This ac, adaptability of the individual. ', , (f) Informal education is education by life. It, education. It is the strongest pillar of edue:, structure of an individual, Hence it is less:, to changes in the socio-cultural environ, , B. Disadvantages of informal education, , (a) Informal education is not recognized, It is invalid for certification and profe, , (b) Itdoes not give much confidence tof, the learner may feel inferiority ¢, persons., , (c) This type of education may resul
