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MAKING OF THE CONSTITUTION, Timeline, India was getting close to the independence and with this arise the need of the, constitution., The idea to have the constitution in India was given in the year 1934 by Mr. M.N., Roy the pioneer of the communist movement in India., In the year 1935 the Indian National Congress for the first demanded a Constituent, Assembly to frame the constitution of India., In the year 1938 Jawharlal Nehru on the behalf of congress said that the, Constitution of India will be made by the independent constituent assembly, without any external interference., The demand was accepted by the British parliament which came to be known as, the August Offer in the year 1940, In the year 1942 Cripps India Mission came to India under Sir Strafford Cripps and, said that the Constituent Assembly will be setup but after the Second World War, Finally in May 1946 Cabinet Mission Plan came to India under Cripps, Lawrence and, Alexander and they setup the Constituent Assembly of India, Constituent Assembly, The Constituent Assembly of India consists of 389 members out of whom 292, members were elected from the various provinces, 93 members were nominated, from the princely states and 4 members were from the Chief Commissioner areas, of Delhi, Ajmer- Marwar, Coorg and British Baluchistan., The members of the Constituent Assembly were on the basis of the population and, were in the ratio of roughly 1: 10,00,000(1 million)., The seats of the provinces were divided into three major communities i.e. Muslims, Sikhs and general (all except Muslims and Sikhs, The Constituent Assembly included all the important personalities of India except, Mahatma Gandhi and M.A. Jinnah., After the creation of the new constituent assembly for Pakistan 90 members, resigned from the constituent assembly of India which reduced the size of the, assembly from 389 to 299 members., 1
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Objectives Resolution, On December 13, 1946, Jawaharlal Nehru moved the historic ‘Objectives, Resolution’ in the Assembly. It laid down the fundamentals and philosophy of the, constitutional structure. It read:, 1. “This Constituent Assembly declares its firm and solemn resolve to proclaim, India as an Independent Sovereign Republic and to draw up for her future, governance a Constitution:, 2. Wherein the territories that now comprise British India, the territories that, now form the Indian States, and such other parts of India as are outside India, and the States as well as other territories as are willing to be constituted into, the independent sovereign India, shall be a Union of them all; and, 3. Wherein the said territories, whether with their present boundaries or with, such others as may be determined by the Constituent Assembly and thereafter, according to the law of the Constitution, shall possess and retain the status of, autonomous units together with residuary powers and exercise all powers and, functions of Government and administration save and except such powers and, functions as are vested in or assigned to the Union or as are inherent or, implied in the Union or resulting therefrom; and, 4. wherein all power and authority of the Sovereign Independent India, its, constituent parts and organs of Government are derived from the people; and, 5. wherein shall be guaranteed and secured to all the people of India justice,, social, economic and political; equality of status of opportunity, and before, the law; freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith, worship, vocation,, association and action, subject to law and public morality; and, 6. wherein adequate safeguards shall be provided for minorities, backward and, tribal areas, and depressed and other backward classes; and, 7. whereby shall be maintained the integrity of the territory of the Republic and, its sovereign rights on land, sea and air according to justice and the law of, civilized nations; and, 8. This ancient land attains its rightful and honoured place in the world and, makes its full and willing contribution to the promotion of world peace and, the welfare of mankind.”, This Resolution was unanimously adopted by the Assembly on January 22, 1947. It, influenced the eventual shaping of the constitution through all its subsequent, stages. Its modified version forms the Preamble of the present Constitution., 2
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Working of the Constituent Assembly, The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly took place on 9th December 1946, under the leadership of Dr. Sachidanand Sinha however he was only temporary, president and was replaced by Dr, Rajendra Prasad and H.C. Mukherjee as the, permanent President and Vice President of the Constituent Assembly on 11th, December 1946. Mr. B.N. Rau was appointed as the advisor of the Constituent, Assembly., The Constituent Assembly presented three drafts of the Constitution on, 4th November1948, 15th November 1948 and, 14th November 1949., After enormous number of changes the Constituent Assembly of India finally, accepted the Constitution on 26th November 1949., The last session of the Constituent Assembly took place on 24th January 1950 where, Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as the President of India; out of the total members, of the assembly 284 members signed the official copies of the Constitution., Some provisions of the Constitution pertaining to citizenship, elections, provisional, parliament, temporary and transitional provisions, and short title contained in, Articles 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 60, 324, 366,, 367, 379, 380, 388, 391, 392 and 393 came into force on November 26, 1949 itself., The remaining provisions (the major part) of the Constitution came into force on, January 26, 1950., This day is referred to in the Constitution as the ‘date of its commencement’, and, celebrated as the Republic Day., January 26 was specifically chosen as the ‘date of commencement’ of the, Constitution because of its historical importance. It was on this day in 1930 that, Purna Swaraj day was celebrated, following the resolution of the Lahore Session, (December 1929) of the INC., The Constituent Assembly took 2years, 11months and 18days in making the, Constitution and the cost of making the Constitution was approximately 64 lac, The Constitution of India is the longest written Constitution in the history of the, world having a Preamble, 395 Articles, 22 Parts and 8Schedules although presently, 3
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it has around 465 Articles, 25 parts, 12 Schedules and more than 100 Amendment, The nature of the Indian Constitution is Quasifederal i.e. more federal and less, unitary during the normal circumstances it is federal but during the proclamation, of National Emergency under article 352 the nature of the constitution becomes, unitary in nature, Dr. B R Ambedkar played a major role and was the chairman of the drafting, committee of the constitution that is why he is also known as the father of Indian, Constitution or “Modern Manu”, Chairman’s of the Important Committees, Name of the Committee, Rules of Procedure Committee, Fundamental Rights, Minorities, Union Powers Committee, Union Constitution Committee, Drafting Committee, Flag Committee, , Chairman, Rajendra Prasad, Vallabhbhai Patel, Jawaharlal Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru, B. R. Ambedkar, Rajendra Prasad, , Drafting Committee, Amongst the most important committees of the Constituent Assembly the most, important was the drafting committee which was set up on 29th August 1947. The, main aim of this committee was the preparation of the draft of the new, Constitution. The drafting committee consists of seven members., 1. Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar (Father of the Constitution), 2. N. Gopalaswamy Ayyar, 3. Alladi Krishnaswamy Ayyar, 4. Syed Mohammad Saadullah, 5. Dr. K.M Munshi, 6. N. Madhava Rau (replaced B.L Mitra), 7. T. T Krishnamachari (replaced D.P. Khaitan), The Drafting Committee took less than six months to prepare the draft, in all it sat, for the total of 141 days., 4
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Some Important Points, 1. The Constitution was accepted on 26th November 1949, 2. The National Song was accepted on 24th January 1950, 3. The National Anthem was accepted on 24th January 1950, 4. The National Flag was accepted on 22nd July 1947, 5. Pingali Venkaiha from Andhra Pradesh was the designer of the National Flag, of India, 6. Elephant was the symbol of the Constituent Assembly of India, 7. Prem Bihari Raizada was the English Calligrapher of the Constitution, 8. Gopal Krishna Vaidya was the Hindi Calligrapher of the Constitution, , Interim Govt of 1946, Viceroy and Governor-General of India: The Viscount Wavell (Britain), Commander-in-Chief: Sir Claude Auchinleck (Britain), Vice President of the Executive Council: Jawaharlal Nehru (INC) Home Affairs,, Information and Broadcasting: Vallabhbhai Patel (INC) Agriculture and Food:, Rajendra Prasad (INC), Commerce: Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar (All-India Muslim League), Education and Arts: C. Rajagopalachari (INC), Defence: Baldev Singh (INC), Finance: Liquat Ali Khan (All-India Muslim league), Health: Ghazanfar Ali Khan (All-India Muslim League), Industries and Supplies: C. Rajagopalachari (INC), Labour: Jagjivan Ram (INC), Law: Jogendra Nath Mandal (All-India Muslim League), Posts and Air: Abdur Rab Nishtar (All-India Muslim League), Railways and Communications: Asaf Ali (INC) Work, Mines and Power: C.H., Bhabhax (INC), , 5
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First Cabinet After Independence, Portfolio, , Minister, , Took office, , Left office, , Party, , Prime Minister, Minister of External Affairs and, Commonwealth Relations, Minister of Scientific Research, , Jawaharlal Nehru, , 15 August, 1947, , Second Nehru, ministry, , INC, , Deputy Prime Minister, , Sardar Vallabhbhai, Patel, , 15 August, 1947, , 15 December, 1950[†], , INC, , Sardar Vallabhbhai, Patel, , 15 August, 1947, , 15 December, 1950[†], , INC, , C. Rajagopalachari[5], , 26 December, 1950, , 25 October, 1951[RES], , INC, , Kailash Nath Katju, , 1951, , Second Nehru, ministry, , INC, , Sardar Vallabhbhai, Patel, , 15 August, 1947, , 1949, , INC, , R. R. Diwakar[6], , 1949, , 15 April 1952, , INC, , R. K. Shanmukham, Chetty, , 15 August, 1947, , 1949, , INC, , John Mathai, , 1949, , 1950[RES], , INC, , C. D. Deshmukh, , 1950, , Second Nehru, ministry, , INC, , B. R. Ambedkar[5], , 15 August, 1947, , 1951[RES], , SCF, , Baldev Singh, , 15 August, 1947, , Second Nehru, ministry, , Panthic, Party, , John Mathai, , 15 August, 1947, , 22 September, 1948, , INC, , N. Gopalaswami, Ayyangar, , 22, September, 1948, , Second Nehru, ministry, , INC, , Minister of Education, , Maulana Abul Kalam, Azad, , 15 August, 1947, , Second Nehru, ministry, , INC, , Minister of Food and Agriculture, , Rajendra Prasad, , 15 August, 1947, , 15 April 1952, , INC, , Minister of Home Affairs and States, , Minister of Information and, Broadcasting, , Minister of Finance, , Minister of Law, , Minister of Defence, , Minister of Railways and Transport, , 6
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Minister of Industries and Supplies, , Syama Prasad, Mukherjee, , 15 August, 1947, , 6 April, 1950[RES], , HM, , Minister of Labour, , Jagjivan Ram, , 15 August, 1947, , 15 April 1952, , INC, , Minister of Commerce, , Cooverji Hormusji, Bhabha, , 15 August, 1947, , 15 April 1952, , INC, , Minister of Communications, , Rafi Ahmed Kidwai, , 15 August, 1947, , 15 April 1952, , INC, , Minister of Health, , Amrit Kaur, , 15 August, 1947, , 15 April 1952, , INC, , Minister of Works, Mines and Power, , Narhar Vishnu, Gadgil, , 15 August, 1947, , 15 April 1952, , INC, , Minister of Relief and Rehabilitation, , K. C. Neogy, , 15 August, 1947, , April 1950[RES], , INC, , N. Gopalaswami, Ayyangar[7], , 15 August, 1947, , 22 September, 1948, , INC, , Mohanlal Saxena, , 15 August, 1947, , 15 April 1952, , INC, , Minister without portfolio, , Making of the Constitution (Constituent ASSEMBLY), Q.1. Consider the following statements about Constituent Assembly., A. There were 73 seats alloted for Muslim league in constitutent assembly., B. Muslim league participated in first meeting of constitutent assembly., C. Provision of selecting senior member as temporary chairman of assembly was taken from, france., Which of the following statements is/are correct:, A. Only A and B, B. Only Band C, C. Only A and C, D. None of the above is correct., Answer : 1 (C), Q.2. The members constituent assembly which drafted the constitution were:, A. Nominated by British parliament, B. Nominated by Governer-General., C. Elected by assemblies of provinces., D. Elected by congress and Muslim league., 7
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Answer : 2 (C), Q.3. Match the following items given below:, List : I, List : II, A. First Vice chairman of constituent assembly, (a) K.M. Munshi., B. The only Member of Congress to be in Drafting committee, (b) H.C. Mukherjee., C. Head of Drafting committee, (c) Dr. Rajender prasad, D. Chairman of AD-HOC Flag committee., (d) B. R. Ambedkar., Choose the correct answer using following code:, A. A-a, B-b, C-c, D-d, B. A-b, B-a, C-d, D-c, C. A-b, B-c, C-d, D-a, D. A-d, B-a, C-b, D-c, Answer : 3 (B), Q.4. Consider the following statements About Indian independence ACT-1947 in Context to, constituent assembly., A. It made constituent assembly a complete sovereign body., B. Constituent assembly has been given the status of Legislature by this act., C. It increased the number of members in constituent assembly. Which of the following, statements is/are correct:, A. Only A, B. Only A and B., C. Only C., D. All of the above are correct., Answer : 4 (B), Q.5. Who made the first draft of Indian Constitution?, A. Dr B.R. Ambedkar, B. K. Santhanam., C. B.N. Rao., D. K.M. Munshi., Answer: 5 (C), Q.6. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was Elected in constituent assembly from ?, A. West Bengal., B. Punjab., C. Central province., D. Bombay presidency., Answer: 6 (D), Q.7. Consider the following statements:, A. The constitution was read three times in its framing procedure., B. All members of constituent assembly signed on constitution., C. All provisions of constitution were implemented on 26 November 1949. Which of the, following statements is/are correct:, A. Only A, B. Only B and C, C. Only C, D. All are correct., 8
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Answer : 7 (A), Q.8. Consider the following about the constitution adopted on 26 November 1950:, A. It does not have a preamble., B. It has 395 articles., C. It has 12 schedules., Which of the following is/are incorrect:, A. Only A, B. Only A and C, C. Only C, D. All are correct., Answer : 8 (B), Q.9. How many sessions was taken by constituent assembly in total to frame constitution?, A. 7, B. 9, C. 12, D. 15, Answer : 9 (C), Q.10. Which of the following statement is not correct about constituent assembly:, A. It was not based on adult franchise., B. It was an outcome of direct election., C. It was a multiparty body., D. It functions itself making various committees., Answer by using following code:, A. Only 1 and 2, B. Only 2 and 3, C. Only 1 and 4, D. All of the above are incorrect., Answer 10: (A), Direction (11-12): The following questions consists of two statements, statement I and, statement II. examine the two statements carefully and select the correct answer using the, code given below:, Code:, A. Both the statements are individually true and statement II is the correct explanation of, statement I, B. Both the statements are individually true and statement II is not the correct explanation of, statement I., C. statement I is true but statement II is false., D. statement I is false but statement II is true., Q.11. Statement I: Indian constitution fulfills all the needs of country., Statement : II: Indian constitution is assumed as a self made constitution. Answer, : 11 (B), Q.12. Statement I: According to vevel plan (1945), the ratio of Hindu and Muslim, members in Governers working council should be equal., 9
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Statement II: According to vevel this system could have averted the partition of India. Answer, : 12 (C), Q.13. Which of the following statement is not correct about constituent assembly:, A. Its election process was based on the VI schedule of 1935 Act., B. Minorities like Christians, Anglo-Indians, and Jews were given sufficient representation., C. A large number of committees were formed out of them drafting committee was crucial., D. Its election was conducted by Adult franchise means., Answer : (D), Q.14. In the context of Indian history, the members of constituent assembly from provinces, were:, A. Directly elected by public from those provinces., B. Were nominated by INC and Muslim League., C. Were elected by the Legislative Assemblies of those provinces., D. They were elected by government on basis of their knowledge on constitutional matters., Answer : 14 (C), Q.15. which of the following statements is/are correct in context to the Framing of Indian, Constitution:, A. The objective resolution which was bought by Nehru and accepted by constituent assembly, impacts the making of constitution., B. Preamble fulfills the important objectives., C. Constitution get its power form the People of India., D. The head of the state is directly elected., Answer by using following code:, A. Only 1, 2 and 3, B. Only 1, 3 and 4, C. Only 2, 3 and 4, D. All of the above are correct., Answer : 15 (A), Q.16. consider the following statements:, A. The constituent assembly adopted the draft of national flag on 22july 1947., B. There were 21 spoke wheel on the national flag., C. The breadth length ratio of national flag is 3:4. Which of the following is/are correct:, A. Only A and B, B. Only A, C. Only B and C, D. Only B, Answer : 16(B), Q.17. 26 January day was decided to implement the constitution because:, A. Congress celebrated this date as Independence Day on 1930., B. On this date quit India movement was started in 1942., 10
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C. It was a auspicious day., D. None of the above., Answer : 17(A), Q.18. who opposed the 15 years for adult franchises in constituent assembly?, A. Dr. Rajender Prasad., B. J. L. Nehru., C. Maulana Azad., D. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, Answer : 18 (C), Q.19. The constituent assembly was formed:, A. By Government of India ACT 1935., C. By cabinet mission 1946., Answer : 19 (C), , B. By Cripps mission 1942., D. By Indian independence act 1947., , Q.20. The proposal that an elected constituent assembly should make the constitution of India, was bought by:, A. Simon commission., B. Government of India ACT 1935., C. Cripps mission., D. British cabinet delegation., Answer : (C), Q.21. consider the following statements about drafting committee:, A. Drafting committee was constituted on 29 August 1947., B. It made the first draft of constitution on February 1948., C. It have total 7 members., Which of the following statements is/are correct:, A. Only A, B. Only B and C, C. Only C, D. All are correct., Answer : 21(D), Q.22. Who has primarily given the idea of making a constituent assembly for making Indian, Constitution., A. Swaraj party in 1934., B. Congress in 1936., C. Muslim league in 1942, D. All party conference in 1946., Answer : 22 (A), Q.23. who among is the member of drafting committee:, A. N. Gopalaswami., B. J. L. Nehru., C. Alladi Krishna Swami Ayer., D. Sardar patel., Answer by using following code:, A. Only A, B and D, B. Only A and D, 11
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C. Only A and C, Answer : 23 (C), , D. Only B, C and D, , Q.24. According to cabinet mission in what propotion of population a representative can be, sent from providence to constituent assembly., A. 8 lakh person, B. 10 lakh person., C. 12 lakh person., D. 15 lakh person., Answer : (B), Q.25. Which of the following is not a member of interim national Government constituted on, august 1946., A. C. Rajagopalachari., B. Dr. Rajender prasad., C. DR. S. Radhakrishnan., D. Jagjivan Ram, Answer : 25(C), ***, , 12
