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Classification of Reptiles
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General characters of reptiles, Mainly terrestrial, cold blooded, air breathers, tetrapode vertebrate animals., Body bilateral symmetrical, pentaductyl, horny claws present but limbs are absent in some lizzard & snakes., Body divided into head, neck, trunk & caudal region., Exoskeleton made up of scales, shield, plates & scutes., Skin dry and cornfield, gland are absent., Mouth terminal, teeth present in jaw., Alementary canal terminate in cloacal aperture., Endoskeleton bony, skull monocondylar, “T” shape interclavical present in pectoral girdle., 3 chamber heart, sinus venous small, 2 systemic arch, R.B.Cs. Nucleated & oval shaped., Respiration through lungs.
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Metanephric kidney, Uricotelic animals., Well developed cerebrum as compare to amphibian animals, 12 pair cranial nerve present., Lateral line system absent, Jacobson organ present in roof of buccal cavity., Separate sex, muscular penis present in male., Internal fertilization, oviparity, macrolacithal egg, Meroblostic cleavage, embryonic membrane present., Parental care and metamorphosis absent.
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Classification, A/C to Bogert – more then 7000 species are grouped in 16 orders. But only 4 orders animal have living condition., 2014 report – 9230 species known in all world., In India 523 species are found., On the basis of temporal opening reptilians are divided into 5 grouped or subclasses.
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1. Subclass – Anapsida, Order – Chelonia or Testudinata, - Body small, broad, oval shaped., - Claws present, foot web like & peddle like., - Body enclosed in hard dermal carapace and plastran., - Single nasal aperture, quadrate fix., - Sternum absent., - Teeth absent, jaw with horny sheath., - Incomplete 4 chamber heart., - Coupulatary organ single and simple., - 400 species found in sea turtles, fresh water terrapins & terrestrial tortoises., - Cloacal respiration occurs in turtles., - eg. Chelone, testudo, chrysemys.
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Order – Cotylosauria, Extinct reptiles (triassic period), like labyrinthodent amphibians., Pelvis flat and plate like., Jaw and teeth less developed, body length 1-10 feet., Sub order- captorhinomorpha, ex. Captorhinchus
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4. Subclass – Synapsida :- extinct, Order- pelycosauria, Present in upper carboniferous and lower permian period., 10 feet long, long neural spine , small foot., Ex. Dimetrodon and Vaanosaurus.
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4. Order – Crocodilia , - Large size, carnivorous, developed aquatic reptiles., - Tail long & strong, laterally compressed., - Small limb with develop claw & foot webs., - Scales in skin, bony plate present., - Diapsida skull, quadrate fix., - Bicephalous ribs, abdominal ribs present., - Thecodont teeth., - Completely 4 chamber heart., - Penis present in male., eg. – Crocodile, Alegator.
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2. Sub order- Sauropoda, Large size, 80 feet long and weight about 50 tons., Herbivourus, small skull and teeth, large neck and tail., Ex. Aptosaurus and Brachiosaurus.
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Reference , A taxt book of vertebrate by R. L. Kotpal , 2nd edition 2016 - 2017
