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socialsciencetutor.blogspot.com | Social Science Tutor, , STD: 8, STUDY NOTE, UNIT:5 ANCIENT TAMILAKAM, ....................................................., , 1. What were nannangadies?, ➢ The practice of burying the remains of the deceased by, placing them it in a big urn prevailed in ancient Tamilakam., Such urns were known as urn burials (nannangadi)., 2. List out the megalithic monuments, ➢ Stone circle, dolmen, cist, rock chamber, thoppikkallu (tomb, stone), kudakkallu (umbrella stone),sarcophagus, menhir, etc., 3. Write short note about different megalithic monuments., a)Rock Chamber :Serve as places for storage of the dead from, one family or social group and were often used over long, periods for multiple burials. Most chamber tombs were, constructed from large stones or megaliths and covered by, cairns, barrows or earth., b)Kudakkallu :The "kudakallus" are burial sites in which the, corpse is buried and curvilinear blocks are installed on the, ground with a hollow space in between. An umbrella-shaped, block is kept at top., c)Thoppikkallu :In some sites, the top-block of the Kudakkallu, is placed on the ground. This is called a ThoppiKkallu., d)Sarcophagus :Sarcophagus is a coffin or a container to hold a, coffin.Made of stones or other kind of container, it has a lid, or cover ., e)Dolmens :A dolmen is a type of single-chamber megalithic, tomb, usually consisting of two or more vertical megaliths, supporting a large flat horizontal capstone or "table"., f)Menhir :A Menhir is a tall, vertically placed standing stone., It is a Stone Age monument which was later known in the, names pulachikkallu, masathikkallu or veerakallu., 4. Which period is known as the Megalithic period?, socialsciencetutor.blogspot.com | Social Science Tutor

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socialsciencetutor.blogspot.com | Social Science Tutor, , ➢ The period when the megalithic monuments were constructed, is known as the Megalithic period., 5.List out the major sources of information on the history of, ancient Tamilakam., ➢ The megalithic monuments, ➢ Ancient Tamil songs, ➢ coins, ➢ Travelogues, ➢ Tamil inscriptions, 6. Megalithic period is known as Iron Age in the South Indian, history. Why?, ➢ Different types of iron tools have been discovered from, these megalithic monuments. Hence, this period is known as, Iron Age in the South Indian history., 7. What are the evidences we got about the megalithic, monuments?, ➢ Iron tools, ➢ Clay pots, beads, ➢ Roman coins, ➢ Black and red wares, 8. What are the different types of iron tools discovered from the, megalithic monuments?, ➢ Sword, spear, knife, hook, lamp, nail, etc., 9. List out the major megalithic sites of South India., ➢ Kodumanal, Alagarai, Thirukambaliyoor, Pazhani,, Adichanellur, Cheramanangad, Marayoor, and Umichipoyil., 10. The collection of the ancient Tamil songs is known as..........., Sangam literature, 11.Who were the major women poets of the Sangam period?, ➢ Auvvaiyar, Kapilar, Paranar, Mathurainakkeeran,, Palaigauthamanar, , socialsciencetutor.blogspot.com | Social Science Tutor

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socialsciencetutor.blogspot.com | Social Science Tutor, , 15. The Tinais had an important role in moulding the social life of, ancient Tamilakam. Make a table about it., , Type of Tinai, Kurinchi, , Physiography, , Occupation, , Hilly Region, , Hunting and collecting of, forest resources, shifting, cultivation, Mullai, Grassland, Rearing of cattle, Palai, Dry lands, Stealing cattle, Marutham, Wetland, Rice and sugarcane, Cultivation, Neytal, Coastal Region Fishing and salt production, 16. What was Vetchi?, ➢ In order to increase the 'cattle wealth', the practice of seizing, cattle prevailed. This practice was known as vetchi., 17.Write short note about the markets of ancient Tamilakam., ➢ The practice of exchange of goods is known as noduthal., ➢ Allalavanam (evening market) and nalangadi (morning, market) were the markets of ancient Tamilakam., ➢ The commodities for daily use in different Tinais were, obtained from these markets., 18. Prepare a note about the merchant group Umanar., OR, What was the role of the Umanar in the trade of ancient, Tamilakam?, ➢ They collected dried fish and salt from the coastal area and, exchanged it for spices like pepper and forest products of, other Tinais., ➢ The spices collected by the Umanar were sold at trade centres, in coastal towns, from where they were exported to foreign, countries., socialsciencetutor.blogspot.com | Social Science Tutor

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socialsciencetutor.blogspot.com | Social Science Tutor, , 19. Why was summer suitable for the exchange of salt and dried, fish?, ➢ Summer is the harvest season., ➢ Salt and dried fish were made in summer., 20. Who were Moovendans?, ➢ The Cheras, the Cholas, and the Pandyas were together, known as the Moovendans., 21. Write the capitals of Moovendans., ➢ The capitals of the Cheras, the Pandyas, and the Cholas were, Muchiri, Madurai, and Uraiyur respectively., 22. What were the features of the trade relations in ancient, Tamilakam?, ➢, There was inland and maritime trade in ancient, Tamilakam., ➢ Trade was controlled by three power centres namely the, Cheras, the Pandyas, and the Cholas., ➢ The spices collected by the Umanar were sold at trade centres, in coastal towns, from where they were exported to foreign, countries., 23. Which were the major port cities of the ancient Tamilakam?, ➢ Muchiri, Thondi, Vakai, Mantai, Kaveripattanam, etc, 24. Flow Chart, , socialsciencetutor.blogspot.com | Social Science Tutor