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Portuguese:, •Vasco da Gama reached Calicut on 17thMay, 1498. At that time Calicut, was ruled by a King named Zamorin., •The first Governor of Portuguese in India was Francisco Almeida, introduced the Policy of Blue Water., •Alfonso d’ Albuquerque –2nd Governor –Introduced “The policy of, Imperialism”, ASPIRANT OF INDIA, English:, •John Mildenhall is the first English man who visited india first 1599, •The English East India Company was established in AD 1600 ., •In 1615 Sir Thomas Roe got permission to set up Factory in India, •The Company built its first factory in the South in Masulipatnam., •The British established the first printing press at Calcutta in AD 1778.
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Danes:, •The Danish East India Company was established in AD, 1602., •The Dutch set up factories at Masulipattam–1605, •Battle of Bedera1759 –Dutch vs British, ASPIRANT OF INDIA, , French:, •French East India Company Established in 1664 by, Colbert, •They established their first factory at Surat in AD 1668, by Francois Caron
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Land Revenue System:, •Permanent Settlement introduced in Bengal, Bihar and, Odissa, districts of Banaras and Northern districts of Madras, by Lord Cornwallis in 1793. John Shore planned this, settlement., ASPIRANT OF INDIA, •Ryotwari Settlement introduced in Bombay, Madras and, Assam. Munro and Charles Reed recommended it. Introduced, by Thomas Munro 1820, •Mahalwari System introduced in the area of Ganga Velley,, N-W Frontier provinces parts of Central India and Punjab., Revenue Settlement was to be made by village or states with, landlords.
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GOVERNOR GENERALS OF BENGAL, Warren Hastings (1772 –1785), •He was the first Governor General of Bengal., •In 1772, he declared Calcutta as the capital of Bengal as well as British, India., •He put an end to the Dual Government introduced in Bengal by Robert, ASPIRANT OF INDIA, Clive through the Regulating Act, 1772., •Wrote the Introduction of English Translation of the Gita, •Supreme Court was First established at Calcutta in 1774., •First Chief Justice of Supreme court is Elijah Impey and three Judges, were appointed., •In 1772, a Board of Revenue was setup at Calcutta, Murshidabad., •District collectors were appointed during his period.
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Lord Cornwallis ( 1786 –1793 ), •He introduced permanent Land Revenue settlement (Zamindari)., •Lord Cornwallis created a permanent Police force in India., •Cornwallis laid the foundation of Indian civil service., ASPIRANT OF INDIA, •He known as Father of ICS., •Permanent Land Revenue System (1793) was introduced by him.
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Lord Wellesley ( 1798 –1805 ), •He is famously known as Akbar of East India company., •He called himself a Bengal Tiger., •Hyderabad was the first state which was brought under, Wellesley’s Subsidiary System in 1798., ASPIRANT OF INDIA, •Treaty of Deogaon was signed between Bhonsle and, Wellesley., •Wellesley came to India to make “The British Empire in, India” into “The British Empire of India”, •He rightly deserves to be called “The Maker of Madras, Presidency” and “The Creator of the Province of Agra”.
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George Barlow ( 1805 –1807 ), •Vellore Mutiny in 1806 was held during his period ., •Lord William Bentick was the Governor of Madras, during, his Period., , Lord Minto( 1807 –1813 ), , ASPIRANT OF INDIA, , •He concluded a treaty with Ranjith Singh –Treaty of, Amritsar ( 1809 )., •Charter Act of 1813 allots Rs.1 lakh every year for the, development of education in India.
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Lord Hastings, , •First vernacular newspaper is Samachar Darpan., •After the victory in the “Gurkawar” Hastings was honoured, with the title of Marquis of Hastings., •In 1817 , the Hindu College was established at Calcutta by, the public for the teaching of English and Western Science., ASPIRANT OF INDIA, •He encouraged the freedom of the press and abolished the, censorship introduced in 1799., •He was considered the Maker of the Bombay Presidency., •The Bengali weekly, Samachar Darpan was started in 1818, by Marshman, a Serampore Missionary.
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Lord Amherst ( 1823 –1828 ), •Last Governor of Bengal, •First Burmese was fought during his Period., , ASPIRANT OF INDIA
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GOVERNOR GENERAL OF INDIA, , Lord William Bentinck (1828 –1835), •Lord William Bentinck is known as the Father of Modern Western Education in, India., •The Charter Act of 1833 was introduced by him., •The Governor General of Bengal was here after called “The Governor General, of India”. Thus Bentick was the first Governor General of India.ASPIRANT OF INDIA, •He became a crusader against sati and promulgated his Regulation XVII on 4, December 1829 prohibiting the practice of Sati., •For his role in the suppression of thugs , Sir William Sleeman was known as, “Thugee Sleeman” . He prohibited female infanticide., •The Introduction of English Education was a significant event of Lord William, Bentinck administration., •He laid the foundation of Calcutta Medical College at 1835.
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Lord Charles Metcafe( 1835 –1836), •Passed the Famous Press Law, which liberates the press in India., Lord Auckland (1836 –1842), •First Anglo –Afghan war was a great blow to the prestige of the, British in India., ASPIRANT OF INDIA, , Lord Ellenborough( 1842 –1844 ), •Annexation of Sindh, Lord Hardings(1844-1848), •First Anglo Sikh War
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Lord Dalhousie ( 1848 –1856 ), •He followed the Doctrine of Lapse by which he annexed the states of Satara–, 1848, Jaipur Sambalpur–1849, Udaipur –1852, Jhansi –1853 and Nagpur –, 1854., •Widow Remarriage Act of 1856 was enacted with the help of Ishwara, Chandra Vidyasagar., •Doctrine of Lapse was withdrawn after the Great Revolt of 1857., ASPIRANT OF INDIA, •Last place to annexed by Lord Dalhousie is Oudh., •Permanent Army Head Quarters of British is located in Shimla., •The first Railway line connecting Bombay with Thane was opened in 1853., •Railway line connecting Rani Gunj coal field with Calcutta was opened in, 1854., •Railway line connecting Chennai with Arakonam was opened in 1856.
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• The First Railway in the world was opened in 1825 in England., •He is famously known as “Father of Indian Railways”, •Main cities of the country viz., Calcutta, Peshawar, Bombay and Madras, were telegraphically connected., •The foundation of modern postal system was laid down by Lord Dalhousie., •The Universities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were founded in 1857., •Dalhousie was setup an Engineering College in Roorkee. ASPIRANT OF INDIA, •Dalhousie was the first to introduce Public Works Department. So he is, called “The Father of Public works Department”., •The Ganges canal was completed in 1854., •He was the father of Railways and Telegraph., •He introduced the process of modernization of India. Hence he is hailed as, “The maker of Modern India”.
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Lord Canning ( 1856 –1862 ), •Last Governor General of East India company and First, Viceroy of India., •1857 Sepoy Mutiny took place during his period., •Doctrine of Lapse was officially withdrawn, ASPIRANT OF INDIA, •Universities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras setup in 1857., •High court established at Madras, Calcutta and Bombay in, 1862., •He was famously known as “Clemency Canning”, •Introduced Income Tax First in India.
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Lord Elgin ( 1862 –1863), Lord Lawrence ( 1864 –1869), •Telegraphic connection with Europe., •Large number of Canals, Railway and Public works were established., •Created the Indian Forest Department., , Lord Mayo ( 1869 –1872 ), ASPIRANT OF INDIA, , •He started the process of decentralization of Finance in India., •He established Rajkot college at Kaithawar and Mayo college at Ajmer for, the Indian Princess., •First Census was conducted in 1871 by Lord Mayo., •Organised statistical survey of India., •He was the only viceroy to be murdered in office by a Pathan Convict in, the Andamans in 1872.
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Lord Northbrook ( 1872 –1876 ), Lord Lytton ( 1876 –1880 ), •He was well known as “Viceroy of reverse character”, •During his reign Victoria Queen accepted Kaiser –E –Hind at Delhi, Durbar in January 11, 1877., •Aligarh Mohammedan Anglo oriental College by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, ASPIRANT OF INDIA, started during the time of Lytton., •He introduced Gold coin Base instead of Silver Coin., •Indian Civil Service (ICS) age lower from 21 to 19., •Vernacular Press Act 1878 was introduced by him., •First Famine commission 1878 was setup under the head of Sir Richard, Startchey.
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Lord Rippon( 1880 –1884 ), •Indian Peoples said him as “Rippon, the Good”, •First Regular census of India 1881 held under Lord Rippon, •He insisted on the election of Local bodies as against selection by, the Government. He was Famously known as “The Father of Local, Self Government”, ASPIRANT OF INDIA, •He appointed a committee under the head of Sir William Hunter at, 1882 to improve primary and secondary education., •First Factory Act of 1881 was introduced by him., , Lord Dufferin( 1884 –1888 ), •Indian National Congress 1885 arise during his period.
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Lord Landsdowne( 1888 –1894 ), •Appointed Durand Commission for separating India and Afghanistan., , Lord Elgin II ( 1894 –1899 ), Lord Curzon ( 1899 –1905 ), •North –West Frontier Province (now West Pakistan) was established in, 1901., ASPIRANT OF INDIA, •Separate portfolio for Agriculture in 1901., •Indian University Commission setup in 1903., •Agricultural Research Institute was established at Pusa in Delhi., •Partition of Bengal –October 16, 1905, Bengal & East Bengal and Assam, •Reforms in Railway Department.
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Lord Minto( 1905 –1910 ), •Formation of Muslim League in 1906., , Surat Split –1907, •Extremists Lala Lajpati Raj and Ajith Singh ( May –1907 ) and, Balagangadar Tilak were sentenced to Burma Mandalay Jail., •Indian Council Act 1909 or Minto Morley Reforms. ASPIRANT OF INDIA, , Lord Hardinge:, •Coronation of King George V is 11 December 1911., •Capital Shifted from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911, Partition of Bengal was, cancelled., •Gadharparty, 1913 was started in San Francisco.
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• Gandhi came to India from South Africa-January 9, 1915, •Gopala Krishna Gokhale died on 19 February 1915., •Home Rule Movement was started by Annie Besant in Madras, –1916, September., •Home Rule Movement was started by Tilak in Pune –April, ASPIRANT OF INDIA, 1916.
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Lord Chelmsford ( 1916 –1921 ), •August declaration 1917 by Montaue made a declaration towards, future political reforms in India., •Montague Chelmsford Reforms (or) Government of India Act of, 1919., •Rowlatt Act –March 18, 1919 and the Jallian walabagh Massacre Aril, 13, 1919., ASPIRANT OF INDIA, •First Indian Person to include in Viceroy Executive council –SP. Sinha, •New Educational Policy 1917., •Non Cooperation Movement 1920, •Kailafat Movement 1920., •Non Cooperation Movement gets approval in Nagpur congress Meet.
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Lord Reeding( 1921 –1926 ), •Suppressed Non-Cooperation Movement., •Mopalah Rebellion 1921 took place in Kerala., •Ahmadabad Conference 1921, •Formation of Swaraj party –1923, ASPIRANT OF INDIA, •Tagore established Vishwabharati University in 1921., •Formation of Indian Communist Party 1924 by M.N .Roy, •Kakory Train Robbery on August 9, 1925.
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Lord Irwin ( 1926 –1931 ), •Simon Commission setup in 1927, •Dandi March –12 March 1930 –6 April 1930, •Civil Disobedience Movement, •First Round Table Conference was held in England in 1930, •Gandhi Irwin pact –5 March 1930, , Lord Willington ( 1931 –1936 ), , ASPIRANT OF INDIA, , •Second Round Table Conference in London in 1931., •Civil Disobedience Movement started again in 1932., •Poona Pact 1932 ( Signed between B.R. Ambedkar and Gandhi), •Third Round Table Conference –1932.
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Lord Linlithgow(1936 –1944 ), •August Offer –1940, •Individual Satyagraha was first started by Acharya Vinobha Bhave in, 1940, •Cripps Mission 1942 came to India., •Quit India Movement –August 8, 1942, ASPIRANT OF INDIA, •Churchill became Prime Minister in May 1940, , Lord Wavell, •Cabinet Mission Plan –May 16, 1946, •Constituent Assembly first meeting held under the leadership of, Sachidanantha Sinha –December 9, 1946
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Lord Mount Batten ( March to August 1947 ), •Last Viceroy of British India and the first Governor General of Free, India., •Partition of India decided by June 3 plan or Mount batten plan., •Indian Independence Act was passed by the british parliament on, July 18, 1947 by which India become Independent on August 15, 1947., •He Retired in June 1948 and he was succeeded by, C. Rajagopalachari, the first and the last Indian Governor General of, Free India.
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ASPIRANT OF INDIA
