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DEFINITION OF COUNSELLING, 8/11/2021, 1, Counseling is essentially a process in which the counselor assists the counselee to make interpretations of facts relating to a choice, plan or adjustment which he needs to make., - Glenn F. Smith, Counseling is a series of direct contacts with the individual which aims to offer him assistance in changing his attitude & behaviors., - Carl Rogers
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The process begins with exploring the challenges a client faces before assisting them in resolving developmental and situational difficulties
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The counselor supports clients with physical, emotional, and mental health issues, helping them resolve crises, reduce feelings of distress, and improve their sense of wellbeing (American Psychological Association, 2008).
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Counseling as a profession involves:, Dedicated time set aside to explore difficulties, stressful situations, or emotional upset faced by a client, , Helping that client see their situation and feelings from a different viewpoint, potentially to facilitate change, , Building a relationship based on trust and confidentiality
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The counseling process should not include:, , Providing advice, Being judgmental, Pushing the counselor’s values, , Encouraging the client to behave as the counselor would in their own life, , Emotional attachment between the counselor and client
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Counseling works with clients from childhood through to old age, focusing on “developmental (lifespan), environmental and cultural perspectives,” including:, Issues and concerns in education and career, Decisions regarding school, work, and retirement transitions, Marital and family relationship difficulties, Managing stressful life events, Coping with ill health and physical disability, Mental disorders, Ongoing difficulties with getting along with people in general
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COUNSELLING PROCESS, 8/11/2021, Phase I Establishing relationship, Phase II Assessment, Phase III Setting goals, Phase I V intervention, Phase V Termination & follow-up
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Phase I: Establishing relationship, 8/11/2021, It is an ice breaking session during which the counsellor & counselee introduce each other & establish a primary rapport., , Good rapport building provides the respect, trust & sense of psychological comfort to the counsellor- counselee relationship for progression to the counselling process.
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Strategies to establish an effective relationship:, Introduce yourself, , Being the phase with adequate social skills, , Always address the individual by his or her name
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Count…, 8/11/2021, Ensure physical comfort of the counselee & self., Do not interrupt the individual when he/she is talking., Listen attentively., Observe nonverbal communication.
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Phase II:assessment, 8/11/2021, 9/20/2013, The second phase of counselling is basically a data collection phase, where the counsellor motivates the counselee to provide complete information about the problem., , The type of information collected from counselee like general data, physical data, psychological data, social/environmental data, achievement data, educational & vocational data., .
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After the collection of information, diagnosis related to the counselee’s behavior is made., , Various tools & techniques used for data collection like intelligence tests, achievement tests, aptitude tests, interest tests, personality tests, questionnaires, interview, observation, autobiography, anecdotal records, rating scale, cumulative re67cord & case studies
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TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR THE COUNSELLING PROCESS, 8/11/2021, There are two types of tools & techniques for the, counselling process:
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Standardized tools and techniques…, 8/11/2021, Standardized tools & techniques, Intelligence, tests, Achievement, test, Aptitude, tests, Interest, tests, Personality, tests
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Nonstandarized tests…, 8/11/2021, Questionnaire, Autobiography Anecdotal records, Cumulative record, Observation, Interview, Sociometric techniques, Rating scale, Case study, Information collection of information
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Phase III: Setting goals, 8/11/2021, During this third phase of the counselling process, goals are set co-operative by both the counsellor & the counselee., , While setting goals, the counselee’s strengths, weakness, constraints & available resources must be kept under consideration.
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The goal could be immediate & ultimate which directs the counsellor & the counselee to further progress in the counselling process., , Effective & reliable goal setting requires following skills in counselors:, , Multifaceted knowledge related to the problem of counselee
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Count…, 8/11/2021, Ability to think critically & inference-drawing skills., Judgment, planning & management skills, Skills to segregate &differentiate the provided information, Ability to each individuals to think critically & realistically, Help the counselee set feasible, reliable & achievable goals
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Phase IV: Intervention, This stage of counselling is an operational phase where the counselee is suggested the best possible options for the management of the present problem., , The phase is affected by the counselor's own thoughts about the counselling process.
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The intervention will depend on the approach used by the counsellor, the problem & the individual., , The choice of intervention is a process of adaptation & the counsellor should be prepared to change the intervention when the selected intervention does not work.
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Phase V: Termination and follow-up, 8/11/2021, This is the final stage of the counselling process, where counselling comes to an end., , Termination must be planned well ahead so that the counselee may feel comfortable at the departure & gradually able to handle the problem independently., , Some follow-up sessions may be required to help the counselee further to handle the problem independently.
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12 Valuable Skills for Each Phase, Good communication is vital to all stages of counseling. Skills should ideally include , , Active listening, , Clarification, , Reflection, , Effective questioning
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Beyond that, to build rapport with the client, counselors must also:, Be able to experience and show empathy (rather than sympathy), See things from the client’s perspective, Have a genuine interest in others’ wellbeing, Use self-reflection to observe themselves and empathize with others, Show accessibility and authenticity during counseling sessions, Be flexible in their views and thinking regarding differing values and multicultural issues, Be able to maintain a sense of humor, Be resilient and able to bounce back from difficult situations
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When successful, treatment can change how a client thinks, feels, and behaves regarding an upsetting experience or situation
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Key steps for the client, The client must take the following four steps for counseling to be successful:, Willingness Being willing to seek and attend counseling is a crucial step for any individual. It involves the recognition that they need to make changes and require help to do so. Taking the next action often involves overcoming the anxiety of moving out of the comfort zone and engaging in new thinking patterns and behaviors. , Motivation Being willing to make changes and engage in them involves maintaining and sustaining motivation. Without it, the counseling process will falter when the real work begins.
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Commitment The client may be willing and motivated, but change will not happen without continued patience and commitment. Commitment may be a series of repeating decisions to persist and move forward. , Faith Counseling is unlikely to succeed unless the client has faith in themselves, the counselor, and the process. Taking the step to begin and continue with counseling requires the belief that it can be successful.
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Key steps for the counselor, , , Each step in the counseling process is vital to forming and maintaining an effective counselor–client relationship. Together they support what Carl Rogers (1957) describes as the core conditions for successful therapy:, , Unconditional positive regard Through acceptance and nonjudgmental behavior, the therapist makes space for the needs of the client and treats them with dignity., , Empathy The counselor shows genuine understanding, even if they disagree with the client., , Congruence The words, feelings, and actions of the counselor embody consistency.
