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POLITICAL SCIENCE, BOOSTER CLASS, LIBERALISM, , PRACTICE QUESTIONS
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RECENT CLASSES – UNIT 1, Liberalism, 21st march, mon, , Ecologism, 28th march, mon, , Marxism, 23rd march, wed, , Feminism, 25th march, friday, , Multiculturalism, 30th march, wed, , Post modernism, 1st April, friday
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• Q} Who among the following is considered as father of political science ?, • A}Adam smith, • B}John Locke, , • C}Robert Nozick, • D}Aristotle
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Q} Which among the following is not true ?, a} liberals believe human as rational being, b} liberalism emerged in the response to Marxism?, , • Choose the correct option, • A} a and b, , B} only a, , C}only b, , D} none
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Q} Who among the following is not associated with modern liberalism?, , • A} Adam smith, • b} Horald J Laski, • C} R h towny, , • D} T h green
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INTRODUCTION, • Liberalism is a principle of politics which insist on first and foremost goal of, public policy based on individual liberty, , • Liberty – freedom from the restraints forced by totalitarian government, • This principle was evolved in the seventeenth century in order to liquidate, from the feudal structure and Privileges of land owning societies and create, favourable condition for New entrepreneurial classes, , • It is not a bounded idea or ideology instead it is open to adopt new idea and, systems
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BELIEFS IN LIBERAL MODE OF THOUGHT, , • Man is rational creature, , • There is no basic contradiction between individual self interest and the, common interest of the society, • Man is endowed with certain natural rights, , • Liberalism believes in the primacy of procedure over the end product, • Liberal view of freedom, equality, justice and democracy is a search for right, procedure in different sphere of social life
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LIBERAL BELIEFS, • Liberalism promote the individual freedom of thought and expression, freedom, of association of movement, • Personal freedom, human rights, • Strict compliance with legal and judicial procedure, • Any restriction on freedom should be meant to ensure equal freedom for others, • Liberalism upholds freedom of contract with on consent, , • The state is limited and function as an empire, • Public policy are determined by the group of individuals
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• Which ideology beliefs that “state as a necessary evil”, , • A} Marxism, , B}anarchism, , C}liberalism, , D} multiculturalism
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ROLE OF STATE, • “liberalism treat market society as the model of social organization”, • Protection of individual life and property, , • Enforcement of contracts, • Maintenance of minimal common services which would not taken by private, entrepreneurs, , • “they believes state as a necessary evil”, • State as a means and individual as an end”, • Believes in two-party or multi-party system
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EARLY EXPONENT OF LIBERALISM, • Exponents of negative liberalism {classical liberalism}, • They give negative role of the state or limited state, , • John locke , 1632-1704 {father of liberalism }, • Adam smith , 1723-90 {father of economics, laissez-faire individualism}, • Jeremy Bentham , 1738-1832 {father of utilitarianism}, • “greatest happiness for greatest number”, where interest of few may be, sacrificed for the interest of many, • It paved the way to establishing capitalism in economic sphere
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INDIVIDUALISM, • John locke , 1632-1704 {father of liberalism }, • Adam smith , wealth of nations, , • Individualism conceded the primacy of individual as a rational being, • No individual made to suffer in order to make benefit of larger group
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Q} Which among the following statement is correct about utilitarianism?, A}Human soul are guided by two supreme guide pleasure and pain, , B}happiness is defined as the balance of pleasure over pain, , A} only a, , B}only b, , C}both a and b, , D} none
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Q} Which among the following is correct ?, • a} utilitarianism is a integral part of liberalism, • b} J S mill is modified the concept of utilitarianism, , • A} only a, , B}only b, , C}both a and b, , D}none
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UTILITARIANISM, • Geremy Bentham is considered as father of utilitarianism, • It believes in notion of “Greatest happiness of greatest number” where intrest of few may, be sacrificed for the interest of many, • Human soul are guided by two supreme guide pleasure and pain, • happiness is defined as the balance of pleasure over pain,, • Human behaviour is guided by an urge to obtain pleasure and avoid pain, • Moral principles of state and policy should aim at promoting “greatest happiness of, greatest number”, •
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FURTHER UTILITARIANISM, • Bentham made no distinction between qualities of different pleasure, • He insisted on maximization of pleasure, , • J S MILL is another exponent of UTILITARIANISM, • He insisted on different qualities of pleasure and liberty of individual as, highest goal, , • His reformation of utilitarianism tilted towards individualism, • He was the 1st who paved the way for welfare state {supported taxation}
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MODERN LIBERALISM – WELFARE STATE SYSTEM, {+VE LIBERALISM}, • Major Exponents, • T H green {1836-1882} –Lectures on principles of political obligation, , •, , - Prolegmona to ethics, , • L T Hobhouse{1864-1929}- Liberalism {1911},Mind and evolution, • Horald J Laski - Grammer of Politics, , • R h towny –{1880-62}, •
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Q} Which among the following not a famous writing by neo-liberalism, , • A} a road to serfdom, , • B}anarchy state and utopia, • C} capitalism as freedom, • D}two treaties on civil government
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NEO- LIBERALISM{-VE LIBERALISM}, • Neo-liberalism, neo-classical liberalism or libertarianism, • It is contemporary version of classical liberalism, , • It seek to restore laissez-faire individualism, • Minimal state {night watchman state}, • Rolling back of the state
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CHIEF EXPONENTS, • FA Hayek {1899-1992}- Austrian thinker, • Milton Freidman {1912-2006}- American economist, , • Robert Nozick {1938-2002}- American philosopher
