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Course on, UNIT -4 : Physical Education &, Sports for CWSN..!!, Along-with Important Questions
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Unit Contents, 4.1 Concept of Disability & Disorder, 4.2 Types of Disability, its causes & nature, (cognitive disability, intellectual disability,, physical disability), 4.3 Types of Disorder, its cause & nature (ADHD,, SPD, ASD, ODD, OCD)
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4.4 Disability Etiquettes, 4.5 Advantage of Physical Activities for, children with special needs, 4.6 Strategies to make Physical Activities, assessable for children with special, need.
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4.1 Concept of Disability & Disorder, Concept of Disability:, Disability is an impairment that may be, cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental,, physical etc.
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It affects the everyday activities of the, individual to a considerable amount. It may, be present in an individual from birth or, occur during one’s lifetime., Disability has different meanings in different, societies of the world. Disability is an injury, that restricts the functions or movements of, an individual.
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Disability is a medical condition which does, not permit an individual to perform any, activity or movement in a normal way.
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Disability :- Any disadvantage due to which, an individual is not able to perform the, activities of normal human life is known as, disability., Disorder : Any disruption due to which an, individual is not able to perform his daily, human activities is known as disorder.
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4.2 Types of disability, 1.Cognitive Disability:, It is a neurological disorder that creates, hindrances or obstruction for an individual, to store, process and produce information., This ability can affect an individual’s ability, to read, compute, speak and write.
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The individual’s, who have this type of, disability, usually have following symptoms:, i) Memory disorder : An individual who has, auditory problems or difficulty in, remembering something that he heard, said, or saw before sometime.
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ii) Hyperactivity: An individual with cognitive, disability may not have attention for along, period. He finds it difficult to stay at one, place., iii) Dyslexia: An individual with cognitive, disability may exhibit dyslexia. It means he, may have difficulty in writing, reading,, speaking, etc.
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2. Intellectual disability:, It is a disability characterized by significant, limitations both in intellectual functioning, (reasoning, learning, problem solving) and in, adaptive behavior, which covers a range of, everyday social and practical skills. Indeed, this, disability is related to the individual’s thought, process, communication, money, learning,, problem solving and judgment.
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3.Physical disability :, It is a limitation on individual’s physical, functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina. Other, impairments such as respiratory disorders,, blindness, epilepsy and sleep disorders, which limit, other facets of daily living are also included in, physical disabilities., Physical disability may either be motor deficiency, or sensory impairment.
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Causes of disability, a) Genetic cause:, Abnormalities in genes and genetic inheritance, cause intellectual disability in children., Sometimes, diseases, illness and over exposure, to x-rays may cause genetic disorder.
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b) Mental health problems :, Problems such as depression, bipolar disorder, etc. may lead to disability. They tend to be, some of the most misunderstood disabilities., c) Accidents :, Accidents may occur anywhere, anytime and to, anyone. These accidents may happen at, workplace, on the roads or in the air. These, accidents may lead to disability.
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4.3 Types of disorders, a) Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, (ADHD), b) Sensory processing disorder (SPD), c) Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), d) Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), e) Obsessive compulsive disorder (OSD)
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, (ADHD):, It is a group of behavioral symptoms, that include inattentiveness, hyperactivity and, impulsiveness. It is medical conditions that, affects how well can someone sit still, focus and, pay attention. The individual with ADHD, have some problems focusing in some activities., This type of disorder is found more common, in boys than in girls.
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Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) :, It is a condition in which the brain has, difficulty in receiving and responding to the, information that comes in through senses. It, refers to the way the nervous system receives, messages from the senses and then turns, them into proper motor and behavioral, responses.
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Sensory Processing Disorder may affect one, sense such as touch, sight, taste or movement., It may also affect multiple senses. In fact, the, person may scream when touched or may, vomit or dive under the table after hearing the, sound of a leaf blower outside the window.
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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) :, It is characterized by social interaction, difficulties, communication challenges and a, tendency to engage in repetitive behavior., It is a neurological and developmental disorder, in which have difficulty with communication,, language, social skill and behavior.
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD):, It is a set or group of behavioral disorders, called disruptive behavior disorders. It is called, by this name because children with such, disorders always tend to disrupt those around, them., Physicians define this disorder as a pattern of, disobedient, hostile and defiant behavior, directed toward authority figures.
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The individuals affected by this disorder usually, rebel, argue with adults, refuse to obey and, are obstinate.
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD):, It is a mental health disorder that affects, people of all ages and walks of life. It occurs, when an individual gets caught in a cycle of, obsessions and compulsions. It can be said, that persons with OCD are plagued to constant, thoughts of fears that cause them to perform, rituals or routines.
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is a type of, mental disorder that causes repeated unwanted, thoughts. To get rid of unwanted thoughts,, he/she performs the same task/activity again, and again.
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4.4 Disability Etiquettes :, ·When talking with a person with a disability, speak, directly to that person rather than through a, companion or sign language interpreter., ·When introduced to a person with a disability, it, is appropriate to offer to shake hands. People with, limited hand use or who wear an artificial limb can, usually shake hands. (Shaking hands with the left, hand is an acceptable greeting.)
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·When meeting a person who is visually, impaired, always identify yourself and others, who may be with you. When conversing in a, group, remember to identify the person to, whom you are speaking., ·If you offer assistance, wait until the offer is, accepted. Then listen to or ask for instructions.
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·Treat adults as adults. Address people who have, disabilities by their first name sonly when extending, the same familiarity to all others. (Never patronize, people who use wheelchairs by patting them on the, head or shoulder.), ·Leaning on or hanging on to a person’s, wheelchair is similar to leaning on hanging on to a, person and is generally considered annoying. The, chair is part of the personal body space of the, person who uses it.
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·Listen attentively when you’re talking with a, person who has difficulty speaking. Be patient and, wait for the person to finish, rather than correcting, or speaking for the person. If necessary, ask short, questions that require short answers, a nod or, shake of the head. Never pretend to understand if, you are having difficulty doing so. Instead, repeat, what you have understood and allow the person to, respond. The response will clue you in and guide, your understanding.
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·When speaking with a person who uses a, wheelchair or a person who uses crutches, place, yourself at eye level in front of the person to, facilitate the conversation., ·To get the attention of a person who is deaf, tap, the person on the shoulder or wave your hand., Look directly at the person and speak clearly,, slowly, and expressively to determine if the person, can read your lips. Not all people who are deaf can, read lips.
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For those who do lip read, be sensitive to their, needs by placing yourself so that you face the light, source and keep hands, cigarettes and food away, from your mouth when speaking., ·Relax. Don’t be embarrassed if you happen to use, accepted, common expressions such as “See you, later,” or “Did you hear about that?” that seems to, relate to a person’s disability. Don’t be afraid to ask, questions when you’re unsure of what to do.
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4.6 Strategies to make physical activities, accessible for children with special needs, a) Medical check-up : if we want to make physical, activities accessible for the children with special, needs, we need to understand the type of, disabilities of children and for this purpose complete, medical check-up of the children is required., Because without complete medical check-up, the, teachers of physical education cannot come to, know about the type of disability child is facing.
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b) Activities based on interests : Physical activities must, be based on interest, aptitudes, abilities, previous, experience and limitations of children with special needs., The teachers of physical education should have deep, knowledge of limitations, interest and aptitudes of children., c) Different instructional strategies : A variety of, different instructional strategies such as verbal, visual and, peer teaching should be used for performing various types, of physical activities. By this children get opportunity to, learn by their own and become independent.
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d) Modification of rules : Rules can be modified, according to the needs of the children. They can be, provided extra time or attempt to perform a, physical activity., e) Specific environment : For special needs, children the area should be limited. In case of, children who have autism, they must be provided, specific area because they may need some time to, relax.
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Q.1. SPD’s expended form is, 1., 2., 3., 4., , Special poilce department, Special processing Disorder, Sensory processing Disorder., Sensory processing department
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Q.3. Child is not able to adjust within society, is suffering from, 1., 2., 3., 4., , ADHD., ASD, ODD, OCD
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Q.4. Expended from of ADHD, 1., 2., 3., 4., , Automatic deficit hyper discorder, Attention deficit hyper activity disorder., Attention disorder of hypoactive defict, Automatic disability high defect
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Q.6. Disorder are not caused by ---1., 2., 3., 4., , Heredity, Environment, Less Brain development, Balanced food.
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Q.7. Expended form of ODD is, 1., 2., 3., 4., , Opposite different disorder, Oppositional deficient disorder., Opposite different disability, Obessive defect disability
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Q.8. Expended form of OCD is, 1., 2., 3., 4., , Opposite compulsive defect, Obsessive compulsive disability, Obsessive compulsive disorder., Opposite compare disorder
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Q.9. Name the teacher who is specially trained to work with, CWSN...., (a) Physical education teacher, (b) Physiotherapist, (c) Principal, (d) Special educator.
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Q.10. Whistles or guns are not used in these games..., (a) Commonwealth, (b) Deaflympic., (c) Paralympics, (d) Special Olympic
