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ESTAS aaa stromg ie, S fron, , Menstrual, cycle is the i, the : regular natural change that occurs j eo, uterus and ovaries) that =. ge that occurs in the female reproductive oo, , OOCytes, and for th . “S pregnancy possible. The cycle is : System (gp¢, © =6The first per éa © preparation of the uterus for pregnancy. Fequired for the “PeCificayy,, Tisai, usually begins between twelve and fifteen years of age ; Wier, aes a eeawation Stops occurring after menopause which usually a > & point in time known, , _ ™Snstrual bleeding usually lasts around 2-7 days. Curs between 45 and $5.08, , e } *, © menstrual cycle is governed by hormonal changes (Fig. 10). Each cycle can be div;, , phases based on events in the ova rari MNO differen,, ry (ovarian cycle) or in the uterus (uterine :, , “aaa cycle starts from the first day of menstruation when blood starts a — first day of jy., , © average length of menstrual cycle is 28 days. Out Of the vagina, , Phases of Menstrual Cycle, , Four main phases of Menstrual cycle according to duration (Fig. 11), , 1. Menstrual phase (day 1-5): This phase starts from the first day of menstruation and lasts till the Sth, of the menstrual cycle. The following events occur during this phase (Fig. 12): ”, = In the form of menstrual blood, uterus sheds its inner lining of soft tissue and blood vessels throug, , the vagina. ., = 10mlLto 80 mL of Blood loss is considered normal. ,, = Person may experience abdominal cramps. It is due to the contraction of the uterine and abdominal, muscles to expel the menstrual fluid., 2. Follicular phase (day 1—13): This phase also begins from the first day of menstruation, but it lasts til, the 13th day of the menstrual cycle. The main events occur during this phase are (Fig. 13):, = Pituitary gland secretes a hormone that stimulates the egg cells in the ovaries to grow., One of these egg cells begins to mature in a sac-like structure called follicle. The egg cell reach its, maturity within 13 days., While the egg cell matures, its follicle secretes a hormone that stimulates the uterus to develop a, ; lining of blood vessels and soft tissue called endometrium. ro S, E Ovulation phase (day 14): On the 14th day of the cycle, the pituitary gland secretes a luteinizing, ae d egg cell., hormone that causes the ovary to release the mature 2, = The released egg cell is swept into the fallopian tube by the cilia of the fimbriae., = Fimbriae are finger like projections loc:, “ the ovaries and cilia are slender hair-like proj, Luteal phase (day 15-28): This phase ates, = occur during this phase (Fig. !5):, owing events S ee ovulation phase stays in the fallopian tube for 24 hours, egg cell released during ae me. the egg cell disintegrates:, 11 does not impregnate the egg cell within that time, TP ee sg ofthe mensit, — the uterus to retain its endometrium gets used up by thee, , ae crhis causes the menstrual phase of the next cycle o De®!, , eee ee ee See ae ee | ee ee ae, , , , , , , , , , , , , located at the end of the fallopian tube close {0, , ections on each Fimbria. (Fig. 14), , the 15th day and lasts till the end of the cycle. The
