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As per the syllabus, we are expected to identify water soluble salts of the following cations, dissolved in 5-10 cm3 of distilled water., As per syllabus, only waer soluble salts are to be analysed or detected, hence, the mixture, Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Mixtures, (II) Separation of Cations into Groups:, (II) Preparation of Solution:, 153, is, from the given compound:, NH, K*, Pb2t, Ba2*, Ca2+, Sr2+, Fe2, Fe*, Al3+,, Cu2*, Cd²t, Ni2+, Co2*, Zn2+, Mg²+, Cr3+, Cations or basic radicals are divided as follows in groups which are named, dependimg upon, their solubilities in a particular reagent or medium:, Sr. No., Group Name, Cations, (1), Sulphate Group Cations, Hydroxide Group Cations, Pb2t, Ba2+, Ca2+, Sr+, (2), Fe2*, Fe*, AP+, Cr*, (3), Soluble Complex Cations, Cu2+, Nit, Co2, C, Zn2", Mg*, Since, NH, K* salts are water soluble, they are to be tested separately first and detected, from water extract under alkali group cations as follows:, NH, present., (a) 2-3 drops of W.E. +5-6 drops, of 5% NaOH solution, boil it, Turmeric paper turns brown., and cover the mouth of test tube, with moist turmeric paper., Yellow precipitate of K,Co(NO,)g., K* present., (b) If NH,* is present, take 2-3, drops of W.E. +5-6 drops of, 5% NaOH solution. Boil it, strongly to remove NH,. Acidify, with, 3-4 drops of 2N, CH,COOH. Add 5-6 drops of, 5% sodium, cobaltinitrite, Na, Co(NO,), solution. Shake, well and allow it to stand for a, few seconds., Note: (1) For each test, use 2-3 drops of the solution., (2) If a precipitate of any group is obtained, then, digest it on a hot water bath and then., centrifuge it., (3) Use the centrifugate for the analysis of the next proceeding Group, after the complete, precipitation of cation of the previous group is separated.

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(1), (2), (VI) Wet Tests of Anions:, CF, I, NO,, so, co?- (of NH, and K* are water soluble)., Preparation of Water Extract (W.E.) for Anions:, Take about 0.05 g of the mixture in a 25 cm³ beaker containing 10 cm of distilled water., Boil strongly and centrifuge. Centrifugate is called water extract (W.E.), Perform the wet tests for anions as described below:, so present., White precipitate insoluble in dilute, HClI., (a) 2-3 drops of W.E. + 3-4 drops of 5%, Ba(NO,), or BaCI, solution., (b) 2-3 drops of W.E. + dilute HNO, till, acidic + 3-4 drops of 5% AgNO, solution., (c) 2-3 drops of W.E. + conc. H,SO, till, acidic. Heat and then cool under tap, water. Add 1-2 drops of freshly pre-, pared. FeSO, solution from the side of, the test tube., CF present., White precipitate soluble in excess, of NH,OH solution., Brown ring at the junction., NO, present., Violet coloured lower layer of, (d) 2-3 drops of W.E. + 3-4 drops of dilute, HNO, +, tetrachloride, + 4-5 drops of saturated, CL, water. Shake well and observe., I present., 4-5 drops of carbon, carbon tetrachloride.