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[emer, , InrRopucTION, Horticultur, , , , ‘a science, as well as, an art of production,, , utilisation and improvement of horticultural crops,, , , , ornamental, plantation, medicinal and aromatic plants., , Horticultural crops require intense care in planting,, carrying out intercultural operations, manipulation, of growth, harvesting, packaging, marketing, storage, and processing. India is the second largest producer of, fruits and vegetables in the world after China. In India,, about 55-60 per cent of the total population depends, on agriculture and allied activities. Horticultural crops, constitute a significant portion of the total agricultural, produce in India. They cover a wide cultivation area, and contribute about 28 per cent of the Gross Domestic, Product (GDP). These crops account for 37 per cent of, the total exports of agricultural commodities from India., , Session 1: Horticu.ture anv 1Ts IMporTANCE, , ‘The term horticulture is derived from two Latin, words hortus, meaning ‘garden’, and cultura meaning, ‘cultivation’. It refers to crops cultivated in an enclosure,, ie., garden cultivation., , , , , , Features and importance, Horticulture crops perform a vital role in the Indian, economy by generating employment, providing raw, material to various food processing industries, and, higher farm profitability due to higher production and, export earnings from foreign exchange., (a) Horticulture crops are a source of variability in, farm produce and diets., (b) They are a source of nutrients, vitamins, minerals,, flavour, aroma, dietary fibres, etc., () They contain health benefiting compounds and, medicines., , (d) These crops have aesthetic value and protect, the environment., , {e) The comparative production per unit area of, horticultural crops is higher than field crops,, .g., paddy crop gives a maximum yield of only, 30 q/ha, while banana crop gives 300-450 q/ha, and grapes 90-150 q/ha., , (9 Fruit and plantation crops can be cultivated, in places where the slope of land is uneven or, undulating: Mango and cashew nut are cultivated, on a large scale in hilly and hill back area of the, Konkan region,, , (@) The crops are useful for cultivation in wasteland, ‘or poor quality soil., , (h) Such crops are of high value, labour intensive, and generate employment throughout the year., , (i) Horticultural produce serves as raw material, for various industries, such as processing,, pharmaceutical, perfumery and cosmetics,, chemical, confectionery, oils and paints, etc., , (i) They have national and international demand, and are a good source of foreign exchange., , Present status of horticultural crops in India, According to the data provided by the Government, of India for 2016-17, horticulture crops in India, are being cultivated in 24 million hectares, which is, about 7 per cent of India’s total cropped area. The, annual horticultural produce is estimated around, 295 million tonnes, which includes 175 million, tonnes of vegetables and 92 million tonnes of fruits in, , , , ‘Souaxnceous Cror Cutrivaron = Cuass IX

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%.11:31 BOO ye, , € Select text, , , , ‘igation, , , , Entertainment, , Roaming in the gardens, orchards or places well, planted with flowerbeds etc. gives mental piece to the, persons. One enjoys fresh air and natural beauty,, sheds of tension making him fresh., , Medicines, , + The parts like stem, leaf, flowers, roots and even the fruits, of horticulture plants are used to make drugs, chemicals,, insecticides, germicides etc. e.g. rose water is used to cure, eyes ailments. Similarly saffron is important ingredient of, many medicines., , + Papain is a digestive enzyme, citrus fruit like sweet lime is, used for liver ailment, rind of pomegranate and pectin from, guava used for stomach upset, bark of arjun trees for heart, troubles, neem water for skin irritation and allergies etc., , Aesthetic value and religious importance, , + Aesthetic value and religious importance is the, unique factor distinguishing it from agricultural, activities., , * Mango leaves, wood, banana leaves etc. are used, for religious functions., , + Similarly the plantation of banana tree in the, court yard or tulsi plantation is said to bring, prosperity as per Hindu religion., , + This aspect of horticulture has lead to its, universal popularity., , * Paradise means garden. The hanging garden of, Babylon (one of the 7th wonders of the world) and, the Versailles garden of 17th century are unique, examples., , SCOPE OF HORTICULTURE, , The importance of horticulture in improving the productivity of land,, generating employment, improving economic conditic, and entrepreneurs. enhancing exports and. above all.

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4 11:31 HOO ie @), , € ~ Hort-351-Lectur.. Q @ :, , Economic Importance, , i) Increased production possible in comparison to other Agronomical, crops because trees have a longer life and their production increases, with advancement in age provided a proper care is taken. Similarly, vegetables can also be grown 3 to 4 times each year giving the, products all the time they are grown. More number of crops can be, grown from same piece of land., , ii) More profitable since the average income per unit area is more in, horticulture crops than agriculture crops e.g., , Fruits Income( in Rs) / year / hectare, Grape 62000- 63000, , Papaya- fruit 20000, , - papain 40000- 50000, , Aonla 20000, , iii) With the support of horticulture, many agro —, industries can spring up in villages itself. It is an, acceptable fact that horticulture can come in a big, way to solve the problem of unemployment. Source, of other industries e.g. rubber, oil, gum, dyes,, chemicals etc. raw material for fruit and vegetableprocessing plants, hence becomes a solution to, reduce unemployment., , iv) Employment is also generated in doing field, operations like fruit picking / harvesting, grading,, packing, selling etc. In cereals labor engagement is of, 143 days and in fruits it is of 850 days ( in intensively, grown fruits like grapes, banana and pineapple it is, 1000 to 2500 man-days).

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« Dependence on cereals can be decreased since the, fruits and vegetables provide almost every nutrient, and mineral required for the human body as the, food., , « Foreign exchange can be earned by exporting the, fruits and vegetables and their quality products, e.g. mango, almond, saffron etc. (export of fruit is, > 52% of total agriculture production). Products, like jams, jelly, pickles etc. are exported and, similarly making them indigenously thus saving, the foreign exchange minimizes the import of, wines and other horticulture-based products., , Areas related to horticulture for providing employment, , Fruit cultivation, , Vegetable cultivation, , Plantation and spice crop cultivation, , Vegetable F1 seed production, , Vegetable and flower seed production for export, , Cut flower production and floriculture, , Landscaping, , Nursery raising, , Tissue culture, , Marketing, , Processing of horticulture produce, , Government development departments, , Ancillary services (fertilizers, tools, insecticides —pesticides , irrigation, equipments, chemicals like growth regulators etc. -manufacture , sale, essence and consultancy services), , Research and education, , Entertainment, , Roaming in the gardens, orchards or places well, , planted with flowerbeds etc. gives mental piece to the, persons. One enjoys fresh air and natural beauty,, sheds of tension making him fresh., , Medicines, , The parts like stem, leaf, flowers, roots and even the fruits, of horticulture plants are used to make drugs, chemicals,, insecticides, germicides etc. e.g. rose water is used to cure, eyes ailments. Similarly saffron is important ingredient of, many medicines., , Papain is a digestive enzyme, citrus fruit like sweet lime is, used for liver ailment, rind of pomegranate and pectin from, guava used for stomach upset, bark of arjun trees for heart, troubles, neem water for skin irritation and allergies etc.

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Na aE en a Nn ie, , and body weight and also development of swollen, nose., ¢ Sources: Bael, papaya, litchi, banana, apricot,, pomegranate, pear etc., , Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxin), , * Its deficiency causes, — dermatitis, anemia, ulceration in oral cavity etc., , + Rich fruits are chestnut, walnut, almond, apricot, apple,, plum etc., , Niacin, * Its absence causes, , — sour tongue, Pellagra (a complex of diarrhea, loss of, mental aptitude, and dermatitis), discoloration of skin of, hands, feet and legs and under severe condition the mental, balance may shift., , * Rich fruits are chestnut, walnut, almond, apricot, apple, plum, etc., , Vitamin -C (Ascorbic Acid):, , ¢ This vitamin promotes general health and, healthy gums,, , ¢ Prevents scurvy disease which is, characterized by pain in the joints and, swelling of limbs (rheumatism), bleeding of, gums, tooth decay and keeps the blood vessels, in good condition., , * Sources: Amla, guava, ber, citrus, strawberry,, pineapple etc., , , , ‘Constituent Sources Established or proposed effects on, human wellness, , , , Vitamin K — | Nuts synthesis of procoagulant factors,, ‘osteoporosis