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DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH, • Direct Speech – Talk, • Indirect Speech – Own Words, • Ram said to shyam, “ I will come late “, • Direct - , “, • Indirect – that (Conjuction)

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•, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, , Direct to Indirect, Can – Could, Will – would, May – Might, Shall – Should, Today – That day, Tomorrow – the next day, Yesterday – the last day, Now – then, Just – then, Tonight – that night, Here – there, This – that, These – Those, Thus – so, Next day – the following day, Last night – the previous night, Ago - before

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•, •, •, •, •, , If Reporting Verb – Present or Future Tense then No change in Reported Speech, She says , “Rita comes late “, She says that Rita comes late, Mira will say , “ Mohan is always right “, Mira will say that Mohan is always right, , • If Reporting Verb in Past tense – Reported speech change like this, • Simple Present to Simple Past, • You said, “I never go there”, • You said that you never went there, • Present Continuous to Past Continuous, • Nita said, “I am willing to do it”, • Nita said that she was willing to do it

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• Present Perfect changes to Past Perfect, • Dipu said, “I have bought a red pen”, • Dipu said that he had bought a red pen, • Present perfect continuous changes to Past perfect continuous, • Mohan said to me, “I have been living here for a month”, • Mohan told me that he had been living there for a month, • Simple Past changes to Past perfect, • You said, “She wrote a letter”, • You said that she had written a letter, • Past continuous changes to Past perfect Continuous tense, • Jyoti said, “They were talking to the principal”, • Jyoti said that they had been talking to the principal

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•, •, •, •, •, , If reported speech contains Universal truth or habitual truth then no change in Reported speech, The teacher said, “The earth moves round the sun”, The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun, My father said, “The earth is round”, My father said that the earth is round, , •, •, •, •, •, •, •, , Changes in Reporting Speech Pronouns, She said to me , “I am right but you are wrong”, She told me that she was right but I was wrong, You said to me ,”He is handsome”, You told me that he was handsome, Pranav says to her, “you are wise”, Pranav tells her that she is wise, , • No change of Pronoun in Universal truth, • They said, “We cannot live without air”, • They said that we cannot live without air

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•, •, •, •, , If reported verb contains Megazine , newspaper , in reported speech use pronoun it, its, We – it, our – its, The Times of India says, ‘ we are trying our best to keep you well informed”, The times of India says that it is trying its best to keep us well informed, , •, •, •, •, •, , Reporting verb contains no object then use 1st or 3rd person pronoun in reporting speech, She said, “You are guilty “, She said that he was guilty, She said , “ You are all guilty”, She said that they were all guilty

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• Indirect Narration of Interrogative sentences, , • Say change to ask, wonder, enquire, • Reported speech in Yes/No question – start with if/whether, • She said to Mohan,”Can you help me?”, • She asked mohan whether he could help her, • Reported speech start with Who, what, how, where, when, why – Don’t use any, conjunction, • You said to you wife, “What are you doing?”, • You asked your wife what she was doing

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• Indirect Narration of Imperative Sentence, , •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, , Order, Request, Advice, Negative Command, Say/said – ordered, requested, advised, asked, begged, told, Inverted commas – Use to, Remove Kindly , Please, Ragini said to her servant, “Bring a glass of water”, Ragini ordered her servant to bring a glass of water, Ramu said to his father, “please bring me a pen”, Ramu requested his father to bring him a pen, , •, •, •, •, •, , Negative Command, Say / Said – Asked, told, reminded, Inverted commas – Use not + to + V1 (Do not go – not to go , Do not make – not to make), She said to her children, “Don’t walk in the sun”, She asked her children not to walk in the sun

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•, •, •, •, •, •, , Reporting Speech Start with Let, Let – To suggest, To propose, To allow, Say / Said – Proposed, Suggested, Proposed , Suggested + to use, Inverted commas – that use, After reported speech add Should with V1, , •, •, •, •, , He said to his friends, “Let’s Go to the Movies, He proposed to his friends that they should go to the movies, I said to the villagers, “Let’s help the injured men, I suggested to the villagers that we should help the injured men, , • After Suggest / Proposed no object the use V+ing, • She said , “Let’s go for a walk, • She suggested going for a walk

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•, •, •, •, •, •, , Let – to allow – Indirect speech, Say to / said to – Ordered , requested, Reported speech – To allow use, Before Verb – add to, Ranjan said to his boss, “Let me go home”, Ranjan requested his boss to allow him to go home, , •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, , Indirect Narration of Optative Sentences, Said – Prayed,Wished, Cursed, Inverted Commas – That, Reported Speech – Verb + Subj changes to Subj + Verb, May – Might, Mary said, “Mary God Bless you”, Mary prayed that God might bless me, He said, “May you succeed in the examination”, He wished that I might succeed in the examination

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• Indirect Narration of Exclamatory Sentence, • Said – Exclaimed with joy, Exclaimed , Exclaimed with sorrow, Exclaimed with grief,, Confessed with regret, Shouted with applause, Cried out, Eagerly wished, • Inverted commas – that, • Remove exclamation add Full stop, • You said, “Well done | my friends, • You shouted with applause that your friends had done well, • Must – Indirect Narration – have to, has to, had to, will have to, would have to , should, have to, • Rana Said ,” I must go there at Once”, • Rana said that he had to go there at once