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CHAPTER 01, LANGUAGE LEARNING AND ACQUISITION, , WWW.EXAMSAGA.COM, , ENGLISH PEDAGOGY, FOR, CTET AND UPTET, , Lanquage:, , e It is the expression of meaningful words. We use language to express our, thought and it is a systematic arrangement., , e According to ALLEN,” language is a means of communicating thoughts.”, , e English have 5 vowels on the basis of writing., , Based on sound:Language vowels consonant total, English 20 24 44, Hindi 10 33 43, , Out of 20 vowels in English 12 are pure vowels, and 8 are diphthongs (vowel, sounds like a combination of two other vowels)., , Language families:, , e About 1600 language are spoken in India. There are 22 major languages in, India, written in 13 different scripts, with over 720 dialects.

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FOR FULL NOTES GO TO WWW.EXAMSAGA.COM, , , , , , e English comes in INDO -EUROPEAN family., , , , FAMILY LANGUAGE, INDO -EUROPEAN (Hindi, English, Gujarati, etc.), DRAVIDIAN (Tamil, Telugu, Kannada), , Bilingualism and polyglots:, , e A person who can speak two languages is called bilingual., e A person who can speak five to ten languages called polyglot., , e Use of more than one or two language increases cognitive and pedagogical, efficiency., , Multilingualism:, , e A person who use many languages. The difference between polyglot and, multilingualism is that a polyglot loves languages for their own sake and learns, them for fun but a multilingual person speaks several languages due to, external factors., , e For example a Tamil student speaks different language on his home but, school language is different from the home language, or because there are, many different language communities in close proximity and it is useful to be, able to speak all of them., , e Multilingualism is a resource not a limitation., , e It helps in cognitive development of a child., , Lanquage Acquisition:, , e When children acquire language through a subconscious process during, which they are unaware of grammatical rules, this process is called Language, Acquisition., , , , , , www.ExamSaga.com Page 2

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FOR FULL NOTES GO TO WWW.EXAMSAGA.COM, , , , , , e For example when a child learns their first language in their home by mother,, father, environments etc. This language is called first language, mother, tongue, native language, natural language., , e Itis anatural process., , e It is comes under informal situation.(means not planned ), , Lanquage Learning:, , e Language learning is the process by which we learn the new language with, help of grammar rules and vocabularies. It is also called second language,, foreign language, target language., , e tis conscious effort in formal situation., , Stages Of Language Acquisition:, , 1. Cooing (6 weeks), , 2. Babbling(About 6 months), , 3. One word stage (Around 1 year), , 4. Two-word stage (Around 18 months), 5. Longer utterances(2-4 years), , Parts of languages:, , Phoneme: It is the smallest unit of language. It is unit of sound in speech. it does, not have any meaning itself, but when you put phonemes together, they make, words. Example: a, b, c, etc., , Phonology: It is the study of sound patterns and their meanings., , Morpheme: It is smallest unit of word that provides a specific meaning to a string, of letters. Example: Cat, Bat, etc., , Semantic: When all the words in a sentence have a meaning, then it is known as, a semantic sentence. Example: Ram goes to school., , Syntax: In this structure of sentence is important. Means sentence should follow, the grammar rules and subject, object, and verb should be at correct place., , , , , , www.ExamSaga.com Page 3

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FOR FULL NOTES GO TO WWW.EXAMSAGA.COM, , , , , , NOTE- Semantic and Syntax both refer to sentence. Semantic refers to only, meaning of sentence but Syntax refers to structure or rules of sentence., , Ellipsis: It is a punctuation marks consisting of three dots (...).ellipses is uses, when we want to neglect a word, phrases, line, paragraph etc. Example: "After, school | went to her house, which was a few blocks away, and then came, home.", , “After school | went to her house ... and then came home.", , We removed the words "which was a few blocks away" and replaced them, with an ellipsis without changing the meaning of the original quote., , Different theories of learning and Acquisition, , Chomsky’s Theory:, , * Children do not learn a new language but naturally acquire it through an inborn, language device. This hypothetical device in human brain is called language, acquisition device or LAD., , + All humans have a universal grammar (UG).UG means some grammar rule, that are common for all language., , * Acchild acquires vocabulary by language acquisition device and with inborn, universal grammar produces sentences., , * Itis anativist theory of language., Stephen krashen’s Theory of Second lanquage Acquisition :, He basically suggests that how to acquire second language (target language), rather than learning. Krashen give five main hypotheses on second language, acquisition., , 1. Acquisition-learning hypothesis: Acquisition is better than learning. So, create an environment for language acquisition., , 2. Monitor hypothesis: After Acquisition of language when we learn a language, in formal way then we monitor the language., , 3. Natural order hypothesis: We must acquire language rules in natural way., , , , , , www.ExamSaga.com Page 4