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Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis and the Ruff Se radation, , The Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis is a method for, extending a carbohydrate chain by a single, carbon. The Ruff Degradation is a method for, shortening a carbohydrate chain by a single, carbon., , The Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis involves addition of, cyanide ion to an open-chain aldehyde (in the, case of aldoses) which is then partially reduced, and then hydrolyzed to give a new aldehyde. In, the absence of chiral reagents, a mixture of, diastereomers will be produced., , The Ruff Degradation is a method for peforming, the reverse reaction. A sugar is oxidized to a, carboxylic acid with bromine water, and then, oxidation with iron sulfate and oxygen liberates, COz., , Table of Contents, , 1. Cyanide lons Are Useful For Extending, Carbon Chains, , The Kiliani-Fischer Synthesis, The Ruff Degradation, , Notes, , LF », , (Advanced) References and Further Reading