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DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE BOTANY, ECONOMIC BOTANY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, (BOTA 301), (Credits: Theory-4, Practicals-2), THEORY Lectures: 60, SECTION A, Unit 1: Cultivated Plants (3Lectures), Introduction, Research centres, Concept of centres of origin, their importance with reference to, Vavilov’s work, Unit 2: Cereals (5 Lectures), Wheat and Rice -Origin, morphology, uses, Unit 3: Pulses & Vegetables (4 Lectures), General account with special reference to Gram , soybean and Potato, Unit 4: Spices (3 Lectures), General account with special reference to clove, black pepper, cinnamon, Ginger and Turmeric, (Botanical name, family, part used, morphology and uses), SECTION B, Unit 5: Beverages (4 Lectures), Tea and Coffee (morphology, processing, uses), Unit 6: Oils and Sugar (4 Lectures), General description with special reference to groundnut and sugarcane, Unit 7: Fibre Yielding Plants (4 Lectures), General description with special reference to Cotton (Botanical name, family, partused, morphology and, uses), Unit 8: Medicinal Plants, Brief account of Ocimum, Tinospora, Aloe, Rauvolfia, Emblica and Cathranthus ( 3 Lecture), SECTION C, Unit 9: Introduction to Biotechnology (15 Lectures), Tissue culture techniques, Micropropagation; haploid production through androgenesis and, gynogenesis; brief account of embryo & endosperm culture; Applications of plant tissue culture in, agriculture, horticulture and forestry., SECTION D, Unit 10: Biotechnological Techniques (15 Lectures), Introduction to r-DNA, Cloning vehicles, Gene transfer techniques in plants,, Transgenic plants, Agarose electrophoresis, Blotting techniques: Northern, Southern and Western, Blotting, DNA Fingerprinting; Molecular DNA markers i.e. RAPD, RFLP, SNPs; DNA sequencing,, PCR and Reverse Transcriptase-PCR. ELISA, Hybridoma and monoclonal an tibodies, ELISA and, Immunodetection. Molecular diagnosis of human disease, Human gene Therapy., , PRACTICAL (BOTA 301), 1. Study of economically important plants : Wheat, Rice, Gram, Soybean, Potato, Black pepper, Clove,, Cinnamon, Ginger, Turmeric, Tea, Coffee, Cotton, Groundnut, Sugarcane and Medicinal plants through, specimens, sections and microchemical tests, 2. Familiarization with basic equipment used in tissue culture through videos, images or visit to nearby, research Institute., 3. Study through photographs: Anther culture, somatic embryogenesis, endosperm and embryo culture;, micropropagation., 4. Study of equipments used in PCR, Blotting techniques and PAGE with the help of photographs or, videos.
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SUGGESTED READINGS, 1. Kochhar, S.L. (2017). Economic Botany, Cambridge University Press., 2. Bhojwani, S.S. and Razdan, M.K., (1996). Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and Practice. Elsevier, Science Amsterdam. The Netherlands., 3. Glick, B.R., Pasternak, J.J. (2003). Molecular Biotechnology- Principles and Applications of, recombinant DNA. ASM Press, Washington.
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DSE: BOTANY CELL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY ( BOTA 303), CREDITS: THEORY-4, PRACTICALS-2, THEORY LECTURES=60, SECTION-A, Unit 1: Techniques in Biology (8 Lectures), Principles of microscopy; Light Microscopy; Phase contrast microscopy; Fluorescence microscopy;, Electron microscopy (EM)- Scanning EM and Scanning Transmission EM (STEM); Sample ; X-ray, diffraction analysis., Unit 2: Cell as a unit of Life(2 Lectures), The Cell Theory; Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Cell size and shape; Eukaryotic Cell, components., Unit 3: Cell Organelles (20 Lectures), Mitochondria: Structure, marker enzymes, composition; Semiautonomous nature; Symbiont, hypothesis; Proteins synthesized within mitochondria; mitochondrial DNA., Chloroplast Structure, marker enzymes, composition; semiautonomous nature, chloroplast DNA., SECTION B, ER, Golgi body & Lysosomes: Structures and roles., Peroxisomes and Glyoxisomes: Structures, composition, functions in animals and plants and, biogenesis., Nucleus: Nuclear Envelope- structure of nuclear pore complex; chromatin; molecular organization,, DNA packaging in eukaryotes, euchromatin and heterochromatin, nucleolus and ribosome structure, (brief)., Unit 4: Cell Membrane and Cell Wall(6 Lectures), The functions of membranes; Models of membrane structure; The fluidity of membranes;, Membrane proteins and their functions; Carbohydrates in the membrane; Faces of the membranes;, Selective permeability of the membranes; Cell wall., SECTION C, Unit 5: Cell Cycle (6 Lectures), Overview of Cell cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis; Molecular controls., Unit 6: Genetic material (6 Lectures), DNA: Miescher to Watson and Crick- historic perspective, Griffith’s and Avery’s transformation, experiments, Hershey-Chase bacteriophage experiment, DNA structure, types of DNA, types of, genetic material., A replication rokaryotes and eukaryotes bidirectional replication, semi–conservative, semi, discontinuous R A priming, Ǿ theta mode of replication, replication of linear, ds- A, replicating the, end of linear chromosome including replication enzymes., SECTION D, Unit 7: Transcription (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes) (6 Lectures), Types of structures of RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA), RNA polymerase- various types; Translation, (Prokaryotes and eukaryotes), genetic code., Unit 8: Regulation of gene expression(6 Lectures), Prokaryotes:Lac operon and Tryptophan operon ; and in Eukaryotes.
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PRACTICAL (BOTA 303), 1.To study prokaryotic cells (bacteria), viruses, eukaryotic cells with the help of light and electron, micrographs., 2.Study of the photomicrographs of cell organelles, 3.To study the structure of plant cell through temporary mounts., 4.Study of mitosis and meiosis (temporary mounts and permanent slides)., 5.Study the effect of temperature, organic solvent on semi permeable membrane., 6.Demonstration of dialysis of starch and simple sugar., 7.Study of plasmolysis and deplasmolysis on Rhoeo leaf., 8.Measure the cell size (either length or breadth/diameter) by micrometry., 9.Study the structure of nuclear pore complex by photograph (from Gerald Karp)Study of special, chromosomes (polytene & lampbrush) either by slides or photographs., 10.Study DNA packaging by micrographs., 11.Preparation of the karyotype and ideogram from given photograph of somatic metaphase, chromosome., SUGGESTED READINGS, 1. Karp, G. 2010. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. 6th Edition. John Wiley, & Sons. Inc., 2. De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. 2006. Cell and Molecular Biology. 8th edition., Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia., 3. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. 2009. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th edition. ASM, Press & Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA., 4. Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. 2009. The World of the Cell. 7th, edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco.
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SEC: MEDICINAL BOTANY AND ETHNOBOTANY (BOTA 306), (Credits 4) Lectures 45, SECTION A, Unit 1: Traditional Systems of Medicine: Brief history of use of medicinal herbs; Introduction to, indigenous systems of medicines- Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha system of medicine. (5 Lectures), Unit 2: Ethnobotany: Introduction, concept, scope and objectives; Ethnobotany as an, interdisciplinary science. The relevance of ethnobotany in the present context; Major and minor, ethnic groups or Tribals of India, and their life styles. (5 Lectures), SECTION B, Unit 3: Plants Used by the Tribals: a) Food plants b) intoxicants and beverages c) Resins and oils, and miscellaneous uses. d Sacred plants (4 Lectures), Unit 4: Methodology of Ethnobotanical Studies: a) Field work b) Herbarium c) Ancient Literature, d) Archaeological findings e) temples and sacred places. (7 Lectures), SECTION C, Unit 5: Role of ethnobotany in modern Medicine, Medico-ethnobotanical sources in India; Significance of the following plants in ethno botanical, practices (along with their habitat and morphology) a) Azadiractha indica b)Ocimum sanctum c), Vitex negundo. d) Gloriosa superba e) Tribulus terrestris f) Pongamia pinnata g) Cassia auriculata, h) Indigofera tinctoria. Role of ethnobotany in modern medicine with special example Rauvolfia, sepentina, Taxus wallichiana, Trichopus zeylanicus, Artemisia, Withania., (13 Lectures), SECTION D, Unit 6: Role of ethnic groups in conservation of plant genetic resources. Endangered taxa and forest, management (participatory forest management). (3 Lectures), Unit 7: Ethnobotany and Legal Aspects: Ethnobotany as a tool to protect interests of ethnic groups., Sharing of wealth concept with few examples from India. Biopiracy, Intellectual Property Rights, and Traditional Knowledge., (8 Lectures), , SUGGESTED READINGS, 1. Abdin, M.Z. and Y.P. Abrol, Y.P. 2006. Traditional Systems of Medicine. Narosa Publishing, House, New Delhi., 2. Balick, M.J. and Cox, P.A. 1996. Plants, People and Culture: The Science of Ethnobotany., Scientific American Library., 3. Bera, S., Mukherji , D. and D'Rozario, A. 2004. A Hand Book of Ethnobotany. Kalyani, Publishers., 4. Colton C.M. 1997. Ethnobotany: Principles and Applications. John Wiley and Sons., 5. Jain, S.K. (ed.) 1981. Glimpses of Indian. Ethnobotany. Oxford and I B H, New Delhi., 6. Jain, S.K. (ed.). 1989. Methods and Approaches in Ethnobotany. Society of Ethnobotanists,, Lucknow., 7. Jain, S.K. 1990. Contributions to Indian Ethnobotany. Scientific publishers, Jodhpur.
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8. Jain, S.K. 1995. Manual of Ethnobotany, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, 9. Martin, G.J. 2008. Ethnobotany: A Methods Manual. Chapman and Hall, , SEC: MUSHROOM CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY (BOTA 307), (Credits 4) Lectures: 45, SECTION A, Unit 1: Introduction, history. Nutritional and medicinal value of edible mushrooms; Nutrition and, nutraceuticals – Proteins, amino acids, mineral elements nutrition, carbohydrates, crude fibre, content , vitamins; Poisonous mushrooms. (10 Lectures), SECTION B, Unit 2: Cultivation Technology : Infrastructure: substrates (locally available) Polythene, bag,vessels, Inoculation hook, inoculation loop, low cost stove, sieves, culture rack, mushroom unit, (Thatched house) water sprayer, tray, small polythene bag. Pure culture: Medium, Sterilization,, Preparation of spawn, Multiplication. (12 Lectures), SECTION C, Unit 3: Cultivation practices of Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus sp. and Volvoriella volvacea., Composting technology in mushroom production, Low cost technology, Mushroom bed preparation, - paddy straw, sugarcane trash, maize straw, banana leaves. Factors affecting the mushroom bed, preparation., (12 Lectures), SECTION D, Unit 4: Storage: Short-term storage (Refrigeration - upto 24 hours) Long termStorage, (canning, pickels, papads), drying, storage in salt solutions. (4 Lectures), Unit 5: Food Preparation: Types of foods prepared from mushroom. Research Centres -National, level and Regional level. Cost benefit ratio - Marketing in India and abroad,, Export Value (4 Lectures), Unit: 6 Diseases and Pests of Mushrooms (3 Lectures), , SUGGESTED READINGS, 1. Biswas, S., Datta, M. and Ngachan, S.V. 2012. Mushrooms: A Manual for Cultivation. PHI, Learning Private Limited, New Delhi., 2. Kapoor, J.N. 2010. Mushroom Cultivation. ICAR, New Delhi., 3. Nita Bahl (2000) Hand book of Mushrooms. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., 4. Singh, M., Vijay, B., Kamal, S. and Wakchaure (Eds.) 2011. Mushrooms: Cultivation,, Marketting and Consumption. Directi\orate of Mushroom Reseaerch (ICAR), Solan, 5. Tewari, Pankaj and Kapoor, S.C., (1988). Mushroom cultivation, Mittal Publications, Delhi.
