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Referencing or Citation, Referencing can be described as giving credit, with citation, to the source of, information used in one's work. Research is a buildup on what other people have, previously done thus referencing helps to relate your own work to previous, work. Referencing or citation are important due to :, , , Citing identifies sources used in a research paper or project., , , , It gives credit to those researchers, authors, and writers whose words or, ideas you borrow, acknowledging their role in shaping your research., , , , It allows others to follow-up on or retrieve this material, , , , To avoid charges of plagiarism
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Difference between Reference and Bibliography, BASIS FOR COMPARISON, , REFERENCE, , BIBLIOGRAPHY, , Meaning, , Reference implies the list of, Bibliography is about listing out, sources, that has been referred in all the materials which has been, the research work., consulted during the research, work., , Based on, , Primary Sources, , Both Primary and Secondary, Sources, , Arrangement, , Alphabetically and numerically, , Numerically, , Includes, , Only in-text citations, that have, been used in the assignment or, project., , Both in-text citations and other, sources, that are used to generate, the idea., , Supporting argument, , A reference can be used to, support an argument., , A bibliography cannot be used to, support an argument., , Used for, , Thesis and Dissertation, , Journal Papers and Research, work
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Referencing Styles, There are four widely-used referencing styles or conventions. They are called the MLA (Modern, Languages Association) system, the APA (American Psychological Association) system,, the Harvard system, and the Chicago system., , The MLA system is a parenthetical system: i.e. bracketed references in the body of your essay, are linked to full length citations in the bibliography at the end of your essay. The bracket in the, body of the essay contains only the author’s surname and the page number or numbers you are, referring to. For example: (Kennedy, 17)., e.g : Card, Claudia. The Atrocity Paradigm: A Theory of Evil. Oxford UP, 2005., , The APA system is also a parenthetical system but the bracketed references in the body of your, , essay are: the author’s surname, the date of publication and the page or page numbers you are, referring to. For example: (Kennedy, 2003, p. 17). The reference always goes at the end of the, sentence before the full stop., e.g. Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin, Books.
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Referencing Styles, The Harvard system is another parenthetical system and the bracketed references in the body of, , your essay are: the author’s surname and the date of publication. The list of works at the end of, the essay is headed ‘References’. The works listed in it appear in alphabetical order by the, author’s surname and follow the same format as the APA system., e.g. Sapolsky, (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Books., , Chicago citation style incorporates rules of grammar and punctuation common in American, , English. Typically, Chicago style presents two basic documentation systems: (1) notes and, bibliography and (2) author-date. The notes and bibliography style is preferred by many in the, humanities, including those in literature, history, and the arts. This style presents bibliographic, information in notes and, often, a bibliography., e.g. Michael Pollan, The Omnivore's Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals (New York:, Penguin, 2006), 99–100.
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APA Referencing Styles, Book : Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd, ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000, Journal : Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in, storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United, States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185, Newspaper : Harlan, C. (2013, April 2). North Korea vows to restart shuttered nuclear reactor that, can make bomb-grade plutonium. The Washington Post., Wikipedia : Oil painting. (2019, December 8)., In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oil_painting&oldid=929802398, Report : National Cancer Institute. (2019). Taking time: Support for people with cancer (NIH, Publication No. 18-2059). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of, Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/takingtime.pdf
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APA Referencing Styles, YouTube Video : Asian Boss. (2020, June 5). World’s leading vaccine expert fact-checks COVID19, vaccine, conspiracy:, Stay, curious, #22, [Video]., YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WQdLDMLrYIA, Govt. Agency Website : National Institute of Mental Health. (2018, July). Anxiety disorders. U.S., Department, of, Health, and, Human, Services,, National, Institutes, of, Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders/index.shtml, Facebook Post : News From Science. (2019, June 21). Are you a fan of astronomy? Enjoy reading, about what scientists have discovered in our solar system—and beyond? This [Image attached], [Status, update]., Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/ScienceNOW/photos/a.117532185107/10156268057260108/?, type=3&theater, Thesis : Zambrano-Vazquez, L. (2016). The interaction of state and trait worry on response, monitoring in those with worry and obsessive-compulsive symptoms [Doctoral dissertation,, University of Arizona]. UA Campus Repository. https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/620615
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