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Pre - Independence Education System in India Fy, , Indian higher education system ts one of the largest in the world in terms of number of institutions, as well as student enrolment. India is the third largest in the world in terms of student enrolment., , Our modern education system struck its reots during the British period. ‘The British developed the, , system primarily to consolidate their rule in India and to get manpower for their routine, administrative jobs., , 1. Charter Act (1813), O The objective was to spread scientific knowledge in British India., O The Christian missionaries were allowed in the country to preach their religion, , © In 1817, Hindu College was established in Calcutta, which later became Presidency College in, 1855 and Presidency University in 2010

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Pre - Independence Education System in India ty., , 2. Elphinstone Report (1823), , © It recommended the appointment of District Examination Officers, School Supervisors, and, training to teachers., , © Elphinstone Institution was set up in 1834 in Bombay which marked the beginning of new, developments in the field of higher education., , , , © = Itis one of the oldest colleges of Bombay University, 3. Macaulay's Minutes (1835), , © It suggested diffusion of English education in the country, However, these initiatives were, mainly directed at elementary and secondary education., , © Lord Macaulay wanted to build an education system that was secular and scientific, free of, age-old prejudices, and at par with the Western world.

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Pre - Independence Education System in India Tas, , 4. Wood Dispatch (1854), , © It was the first policy measure regarding higher education., , © It recommended setting up of three universities, namely, at Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay., which were set up in 1857, , 5. Hunter Commission (1882-1883), © It emphasized the segregation of primary education and higher education., , © It proposed that universities would have to manage the affiliated colleges

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Pre - Independence Education System in India ty., , 6. Universities Commission (1902), © Lord Curzon was the first person to appoint a commission on university education, , O On January 27, 1902, the Indian Universities Act, 1904 - Indian University Commission was, appointed under the Chairmanship of Sir Thomas Raleigh to cnquirc into the conditions and, prospects of the universities established in British India and to consider and report upon the, proposals for improving their constitution and working, , © The Commission recommended the reorganization of university administration, a much more, strict and systematic supervision of the colleges by the university; and the imposition of, more exacting conditions of affiliation, , © The Indian Universities Act of 1904, passed on March 21, was formulated on the basis of the, recommendations of the Indian University Commission of 1902.