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The Union Legislature, (The Union Parliament), https://youtube.com/c/careerexamsbymohansir, Syllabus-:, Meaning of the federal setup in India., (i), , (ii), (iii), , Lok Sabha - term, composition, qualifications for membership. Parliamentary, procedures: a brief idea of sessions, quorum, question hour, adjournment and noconfidence motion. Speaker – election., (ii) Rajya Sabha – composition, qualifications for membership, election, term,, Presiding Officer., Powers and functions of Union Parliament – (legislative, financial and control over, the executive). Exclusive powers of the two Houses., , On the basis of the relations between the centre and the states, governments, are of two typesi- Federal Government, ii- Unitary Government, Federal Government -: Power is divided b/w centre and various constituent, units (states, local self govt.) accordance with the constitution. Ex. USA, Unitary Government-: Only one level of government with the sub-units being, subordinate to the Central Government. Powers delegated to them by centre, can be increased or decreased. Ex. Japan, France, England, , Important Features of Federalism, • Two or more levels of Govt. govern the same citizens, but each level has, its own jurisdiction (legal authority)., • Jurisdiction is specified in the constitution., • Disputes arising due to the exercise of their respective powers are, settled by courts., • Sources of revenue for each level of govt. are clearly demarcated to, ensure their financial autonomy., • Fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally, changed.
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Federal setup in India, India has opted for a federal system with a unitary bias, so it is called as ‘Quasy, -Federal’ or ‘federal in form but unitary in spirit’, Federal Features, , Unitary Features, , Organs of Government, , • Division of Powers, • Written constitution with rigid, features, • Independent Judiciary, • Bicameral Legislature, • Distribution of the financial, resources, , • A strong centre, • Single Constitution with, flexible features, • Single citizenship, • Proportional representation in, Rajya Sabha, • Aid to states and local selfgovernments, • Existence of Union Territories, , Legislature, (Parliament), Executive, Judiciary
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Parliament, The Rajya Sabha, , President, (Not the member of any house ,yet an, integral part of it), , The Lok Sabha, , (Upper House/Council, of states), , (Lower house/House of, People), , Art. 79 of constitution has the provision for Parliament., 1. Term/tenure, , 2. Composition /Max., no. of members, , 3. Qualifications for, membership, , Lok Sabha, , Rajya Sabha, , 5 years. It can be, dissolved before the, expiry of its term and, the term can be, extended, Max. Strength is 550, (530 from states and 20, from UTs), , 6 years. 1/3rd of its, members retire every, two years. A permanent, house; it cannot be, dissolved., 250 (230 elected, 12, nominated by president, from among the, persons having special, knowledge in matters, such as: art,lit.,science, and social service), , i- Should be an, Indian citizen., ii- Minimum age 25, years, iii- Should have, name in the, electoral list., iv- Should not be a, proclaimed, offender., v- Should not be an, insolvent, , Minimum age 30 years
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4. Election, , 5. Presiding Officer, , 6. Powers/functions, common to both, houses, , 7. Powers/functions, exclusive for each, house of the, Parliament, , vi- Should not be of, unsound mind., vii- Should not hold, any house of, profit ., Directly elected by adult Indirectly elected by the, suffrage from single, elected members of the, member constituencies. state Legislative, Assemblies., Speaker: Elected by the Vice President: Ex members from amongst officio Chairman, its members., i. Both the houses, elect the, President and the, Vice-Precident., ii. Impeachment, preceedings, same, against the, president or, judges of SC and, HC can be, initiated in either, house., iii. Non-Money Bills, can be introduced, in either of the, two houses., iv. Both houses, excerise control, over the, Executive,though, the Lok Sabha, alone can vote a, Ministry out of, office., i. Money Bills can, i. Dclare a subject, originate only in, of state list to, the Lok Sabha., have become a, subject of
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ii., , iii., , The Lok Sabha, alone can vote a, Ministry out of, office by passing, a no-confidence, vote., In case of a, deadlock Lok, Sabha prevails, due to its, strength., , ii., , national, Importance and, request the, Parliament to, make law on it., Creat new All, India Service in, national interest., , Parliamentary procedures:, (Rules and formalities for proper transaction of the business of the house.), A brief idea of sessions-:, • The President summons each House of Parliament. (Under Art. 87(1) he, addresses the sessions at two occasions i. First session after each, general election. ii. First session of each year.), • Each House shall meet at least twice a year and the interval between, two sessions shall be less than 6 months., • Normally three sessions are there- Summer (Feb.-May), Monsoon (July-Sep), Winter (Nov-Dec), Quorum -: (Minimum number of members required in a meeting to begin it.), It must be one tenth of the total strength for both the Houses. 55 for LS and 25, for RS., Question hour-:, • The first hour of sitting (usually starts at 11 am), • Members ask questions to govt. on matter of public interest., • Questions are addressed to the Chair and, if admitted, the Govt. is, obliged to answer them., • The right of members to ask questions from the government is known as, Interpellation.
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Types of questions in Question hour1.Starred (asterisk, mark), • With 10 days’, prior notice., • Oral answers, • Supplementary, questions can be, asked, • Has an asterisk, mark, • 20 questions can, be listed for oral, answer on a day., , 2.Unstarred• 10 days’ prior, notice, • Written answer, • No, supplementary, question, , 3.Short notice, Question• No prior noticematter of, urgent public, importance, • All like starred, questions, • Related minister, can accept /, reject, , Zero hour-:, • Starts at 12 noon…...continues till lunch time (1 pm), • Time used by the members to raise various issues for discussion., Types of Motions -:, i., Adjournment Motion• Motion to adjourn the proceedings of the House for discussion of urgent, public importance matter., Also, for•, •, •, •, , Want of quorum, House has become unruly, Death of a member, Speaker finds this necessary, , Note- There is difference b/w adjournment and prorogation., ii, , No Confidence Motion-:, • The council of ministers remains in office as long as it enjoys the, confidence of the Lok Sabha.
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• In order to ascertain the confidence this motion is moved., • 50 members must be in support of this motion., • If it passes govt. has to resign., , Powers and functions of Union Parliament – (legislative, financial, and control over the executive), , Legislative -:, 1. Making LawsI., , Matters in the Union List- like defence, banking,, communications, foreign affairs, etc., II., Matters in the Concurrent List- like education, forests,, adoption, succession, trade union., III., Residuary Powers- matters which are not mentioned in any, of the three list., IV., Matters in the State List- can legislate even on subjects, included in the state list:, • During an Emergency, • When RS passes a resolution, • When two or more States are of the opinion, • Financial Powers, 1. The BudgetThe Parliament passes the Union Budget. The Railway Budget was integrated, with the Union Budget from2017-18., , 2.Supplementary GrantsIf the amount authorised for the current financial year is not sufficient, the, Government may make a fresh demand known as ‘Supplementary Grant.’, , 3.Vote on Account-
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If the budget is not passed before the beginning of new financial year, ‘Vote on, Account’ authorises the executive to draw funds from the consolidated fund., , 4. Salaries and Taxes• Control over the executive, Parliament controls over executive by Interpellation in question hour, no, confidence motion, Adjournment Motion, censure motion, Cut Motions, (Disapproval of Policy cut, Economy Cut, Token cut), , Speaker – Election, • The Speaker of the Lok Sabha is elected from among its own members, soon after the newly elected House meets for the first time., • He remains in his office till a new speaker is elected by the new Lok, Sabha in its first meeting., • The speaker is elected for a term of five years. He can seek re-election, any number of times., , • He resigns by writing to Deputy Speaker, THE END
