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The State Legislature – in General (Article 168-177), clearias.com/state-legislature/, Alex Andrews George, , March 18, 2015, , This post on the State Legislature is a part of Clear IAS polity series on Indian, Constitution, covering all the important topics from Article 1 to Article 395. Posts so far, published under this series are linked directly under their respective chapters and, parts. Our goal is to cover Indian Constitution in detail, giving stress to important areas., We have been following the same order of Parts and Articles in Indian Constitution in our, posts. After presenting the articles of Indian Constitution first, our team presents extrainformation related to each topic and probable questions from the same for prelims and, mains. We have so far covered till Article 167 and these posts can be accessed from the, link Clear IAS Free Online Study Materials → Indian Polity Study Materials. In this post, we discuss articles 168 to 177 which deals with the State Legislature in general., , Article 168: Constitution of Legislatures in States., (1) For every State there shall be a Legislature which shall consist of the Governor, and—, (a) in the States of Andhra Pradesh, Telengana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra,, Karnataka and Jammu and Kashmir, two Houses;, (b) in other States, one House., (2) Where there are two Houses of the Legislature of a State, one shall be known as the, Legislative Council and the other as the Legislative Assembly, and where there is only, one House, it shall be known as the Legislative Assembly., , Article 169: Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States., (1) Notwithstanding anything in article 168, Parliament may by law provide for the, abolition of the Legislative Council of a State having such a Council or for the creation of, such a Council in a State having no such Council, if the Legislative Assembly of the State, passes a resolution to that effect by a majority of the total membership of the Assembly, and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of the Assembly present and, voting., (2) Any law referred to in clause (1) shall contain such provisions for the amendment of, this Constitution as may be necessary to give effect to the provisions of the law and may, also contain such supplemental, incidental and consequential provisions as Parliament, may deem necessary., (3) No such law as aforesaid shall be deemed to be an amendment of this Constitution for, the purposes of article 368., , Article 170: Composition of the Legislative Assemblies., , 1/5

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(1) Subject to the provisions of article 333, the Legislative Assembly of each State shall, consist of not more than five hundred, and not less than sixty, members chosen by direct, election from territorial constituencies in the State., (2) For the purposes of clause (1), each State shall be divided into territorial, constituencies in such manner that the ratio between the population of each constituency, and the number of seats allotted to it shall, so far as practicable, be the same throughout, the State., Explanation.—In this clause, the expression “population” means the population as, ascertained at the last preceding census of which the relevant figures have been, published:, Provided that the reference in this Explanation to the last preceding census of which the, relevant figures have been published shall, until the relevant figures for the first census, taken after the year 2026 have been published, be construed as a reference to the 2001, census., (3) Upon the completion of each census, the total number of seats in the Legislative, Assembly of each State and the division of each State into territorial constituencies shall, be readjusted by such authority and in such manner as Parliament may by law determine:, Provided that such readjustment shall not affect representation in the Legislative, Assembly until the dissolution of the then existing Assembly:, Provided further that such readjustment shall take effect from such date as the President, may, by order, specify and until such readjustment takes effect, any election to the, Legislative Assembly may be held on the basis of the territorial constituencies existing, before such readjustment:, Provided also that until the relevant figures for the first census taken after the year 2026, have been published, it shall not be necessary to readjust—, (i) the total number of seats in the Legislative Assembly of each State as readjusted on, the basis of the 1971 census; and, (ii) the division of such State into territorial constituencies as may be readjusted on the, basis of the 2001 census, under this clause., , Article 171: Composition of the Legislative Councils., , 2/5

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(1) The total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State having such a, Council shall not exceed one third of the total number of members in the Legislative, Assembly of that State:, Provided that the total number of members in the Legislative Council of a State shall in no, case be less than forty., (2) Until Parliament by law otherwise provides, the composition of the Legislative Council, of a State shall be as provided in clause (3)., (3) Of the total number of members of the Legislative Council of a State—, (a) as nearly as may be, one-third shall be elected by electorates consisting of members, of municipalities, district boards and such other local authorities in the State as, Parliament may by law specify;, (b) as nearly as may be, one-twelfth shall be elected by electorates consisting of persons, residing in the State who have been for at least three years graduates of any university in, the territory of India or have been for at least three years in possession of qualifications, prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament as equivalent to that of a graduate of, any such university;, (c) as nearly as may be, one-twelfth shall be elected by electorates consisting of persons, who have been for at least three years engaged in teaching in such educational, institutions within the State, not lower in standard than that of a secondary school, as may, be prescribed by or under any law made by Parliament;, (d) as nearly as may be, one-third shall be elected by the members of the Legislative, Assembly of the State from amongst persons who are not members of the Assembly;, (e) the remainder shall be nominated by the Governor in accordance with the provisions, of clause (5)., (4) The members to be elected under sub-clauses (a), (b) and (c) of clause (3) shall be, chosen in such territorial constituencies as may be prescribed by or under any law made, by Parliament, and the elections under the said sub-clauses and under sub-clause (d) of, the said clause shall be held in accordance with the system of proportional representation, by means of the single transferable vote., (5) The members to be nominated by the Governor under sub-clause (e) of clause (3), shall consist of persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of, such matters as the following, namely:— Literature, science, art, co-operative movement, and social service., , Article 172: Duration of State Legislatures., (1) Every Legislative Assembly of every State, unless sooner dissolved, shall continue for, five years from the date appointed for its first meeting and no longer and the expiration of, the said period of five years shall operate as a dissolution of the Assembly:, Provided that the said period may, while a Proclamation of Emergency is in operation, be, extended by Parliament by law for a period not exceeding one year at a time and not, extending in any case beyond a period of six months after the Proclamation has ceased, to operate., (2) The Legislative Council of a State shall not be subject to dissolution, but as nearly as, , 3/5

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possible one-third of the members thereof shall retire as soon as may be on the, expiration of every second year in accordance with the provisions made in that behalf by, Parliament by law., , Article 173: Qualification for membership of the State Legislature., A person shall not be qualified to be chosen to fill a seat in the Legislature of a State, unless he—, (a) is a citizen of India, and makes and subscribes before some person authorised in that, behalf by the Election Commission an oath or affirmation according to the form set out for, the purpose in the Third Schedule;, (b) is, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Assembly, not less than twenty-five years of, age and, in the case of a seat in the Legislative Council, not less than thirty years of age;, and, (c) possesses such other qualifications as may be prescribed in that behalf by or under, any law made by Parliament., , Article 174: Sessions of the State Legislature, prorogation and, dissolution., (1) The Governor shall from time to time summon the House or each House of the, Legislature of the State to meet at such time and place as he thinks fit, but six, months shall not intervene between its last sitting in one session and the date appointed, for its first sitting in the next session., (2) The Governor may from time to time—, (a) prorogue the House or either House;, (b) dissolve the Legislative Assembly., , Article 175: Right of Governor to address and send messages to the, House or Houses., (1) The Governor may address the Legislative Assembly or, in the case of a State having, a Legislative Council, either House of the Legislature of the State, or both Houses, assembled together, and may for that purpose require the attendance of members., (2) The Governor may send messages to the House or Houses of the Legislature of the, State, whether with respect to a Bill then pending in the Legislature or otherwise, and a, House to which any message is so sent shall with all convenient despatch consider any, matter required by the message to be taken into consideration., , Article 176: Special address by the Governor., (1) At the commencement of the first session after each general election to the Legislative, Assembly and at the commencement of the first session of each year, the Governor shall, address the Legislative Assembly or, in the case of a State having a Legislative Council,, both Houses assembled together and inform the Legislature of the causes of its, , 4/5

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summons., (2) Provision shall be made by the rules regulating the procedure of the House or either, House for the allotment of time for discussion of the matters referred to in such address., , Article 177: Rights of Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the, Houses., Every Minister and the Advocate-General for a State shall have the right to speak in, and, otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, the Legislative Assembly of the State or, in, the case of a State having a Legislative Council, both Houses, and to speak in, and, otherwise to take part in the proceedings of, any committee of the Legislature of which he, may be named a member, but shall not, by virtue of this article, be entitled to vote., , Info- Bits related with State Legislature, 1. At present there are seven states which have bicameral legislature – Andhra, Pradesh, Telengana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Jammu and, Kashmir., 2. The permissible strength of a Legislative Assembly (LA) is between 60 and 500., 3. Total number of Members in the Legislative Council (LC) of a State shall not exceed, one third of the total number of Members in the Legislative Assembly., 4. Of the total number of Members of the Legislative Council, 1/3 of Members are, elected by electorates consisting of the Members of Local Authorities, 1/12 are, elected by electorates consisting of graduates residing in the State, 1/12 are elected, by electorates consisting of persons engaged in teaching, 1/3 are elected by the, Members of Legislative Assembly and the remaining are nominated by the, Governor. (For example, if the total strength of L.C is 48, 16 will be elected by, members of local authorities, 16 will be elected by L.A, 4 will be elected by, graduates, 4 will be elected by teachers and 8 will be nominated by Governor.), , 5/5