Page 1 :
Political Science Class – XII, , CHAPTER 3, JUSTICE AND LAW, , Sir. Chanmiki War (MA POL SC), , Meaning of Justice, The word justice has been derived from the Latin word ‘Jus’ meaning ‘Joining or Bonding’. In this sense, justice means a system in which all men are joined or bonded or tied in close relationships and each one, is not harmed or disturbed by the others. Justice ensure that no one is wronged in the society., Many Greek Scholars have put forward their definition about Justice. According to John Rawl,, Justice is fairness. A Society is just when the benefits and burden of social cooperation are distributed in, a just manner. According to Cephalus justice consists in telling the truth, and repaying one's debt., Polymarchus defined justice as giving what is due to everybody in society. Thrasymachus opines that, justice means the interest of the strongest. Since the government is the strongest in the society, the things, which go in favour of the government are considered just and the things which go against the interest of, the government are regarded as unjust. According to Plato justice is the product of dutifulness, noninterference and proper submission of every individual, every class and every society., KINDS OF JUSTICE, 1) Natural Justice: Natural justice implies moulding and shaping the behaviour of an individual to, his fellow being in accordance with the laws of nature. While living in society an individual must, adjust his behavior to others in such a way that he does not cause harm or become the cause of, discontentment to others. Natural justice is generally associated with natural laws. When laws are, silent and unclear, justice relies on natural justice. Since human beings are rational beings, the, conclusion they derive through using reason are in conformity with natural justice., 2) Social Justice - Social justice implies the absence of discrimination on the basis of caste, colour,, religion etc. and creation of an environment in which everybody may prosper in the society., Recognition of equality of all, protection of the weaker sections of the society from oppression of, the more powerful sections and equal distribution of the necessities of life etc. constitute social, justice., 3) Economic Justice - Economic justice implies absence of economic disparity in society, as such it, is considered as part of social justice. It can be secured through abolition of economic exploitation, of any form and eradication of unemployment, poverty etc. It also means freedom from fear of, starvation. Economic justice is very important because without it the other types of justice may, prove meaningless., 4) Political Justice - Political justice means that equal political rights are available to each member, to participate in the affairs of the state. It ensure equal right to vote and contest elections. Universal, adult suffrage, rule of law, free press, freedom to form associations and join interest groups, and, equal access to public offices is also necessary for political justice., 5) Legal Justice - Legal justice implies equality before the laws. In other words, no one can be above, the law and everybody be equally punished for equal crimes. It disappear if there is discrimination, in the law court.