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_ —_, , Foundation of Individual Behaviour ., , (d) Religious Factors : Normally, people who strongly and, sincerely believe in religion (not fundamentalists), are more, peaceful, less hostile, and less aggressive as compared to, others. However, sometimes, atheist reflect well-balanced, personality., , 4, Situations: Different situations in which a person is exposed, to, also influences the personality of a person. Negative, situations may have an adverse impact on the personality ofa, person, whereas, positive situations may havea positive impact, on the personality of a person. For instance, when a person is, exposed to hostile situations such as communal riots, in such a, case, it can have adverse impact on the personality of a person., , PERSONALITY TRAITS, , ce LN, , According, to Stephen Robbins, personality traits can be referred, as enduring characteristics that describe an individual's behaviour,, An individual possesses many personality traits, Some of the, concepts of personality traits are : the Big Five model, locus of control,, self-esteem, type A/type B personality, risk-taking,, machiavellianism and self monitoring., , 1, THE BIG FIVE MODEL, , In recent years, researchers have supported that there are five basic, dimensions, which consists of human personality. This five-factor, model of personality is called as "The Big Five Model”. The Big, Five factors are :, , i) Agreeableness : It refers to the ability of a person to get along, with others. It is a personality dimension that describes someone, whois good-natured, co-operative and trustworthy. People who, score low on agreeableness are selfish, self-centered,, disagreeable and antagonistic., , li) Conscientiousness : This personality dimension describes, someone who is responsible, self-disciplined, dependable,, , Persistent, organised and achievement-oriented. A person, scoring low on conscientiousness is disorganised, irresponsible,, , Scanned with CamScanner

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yy, , 2 Organisational Behaviour (M.Com. Part-II :SEM-II), , unreliable and lacks self-discipline. Employees who score high, on conscientiousness develop good job knowledge and hence, it results in better job performance., , iii) Emotional stability : If refers to the ability of a person to cope, with stress. A person showing positive emotional stability is, calm, self-confident and secure. However, a person showing, negative emotional stability is more nervous, depressed and, insecure. : . ; |, , iv) Extroversion: It reflects a person's level of comfort with others, in the organisation. Extroverts are friendly, sociable, lively,, , gregarious, aggressive and expressive. On the other hand,, introvert personalities experience and process their thoughts, and ideas within themselves. They avoid social contacts, are |, less social, and enjoy a quite and solitude life. Extroverts can, perform well in managerial and sales position as it involves, higher level of social interaction., , v) Openness to experience : This personality dimension is, characterised in terms of imagination, sensitivity, and curiosity., Extremely open people are imaginative, creative, curious and, have a great sense of aesthetics. However, people who score, low on openness to experience are less creative and curious,, are conventional and prefer doing familiar jobs rather than, challenging ones., , 2. LOCUS OF CONTROL, , Locus of control is another personality attribute that explains, individual behaviour in organisations. Locus of control refers to the, extent to which individuals believe that they can control events, affecting them. ‘, , e Internal locus of control refers to an individual's belief that, events are within their control., , oe External locus of control refers to an individual's belief tha!, events are beyond their control., , Internals have more control over their behaviour and they try to, control their environment. They are characterised as follows :, , ( ‘ - dé, , Scanned with CamScanner

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poundation of Individual Behaviour, , ‘ Highly motivated, , ° Less absenteeism, , 2 |, More job satisfaction |, Analyse the situation before decision-making |, Take initiative to do a job, . Independent and reliable, Achievement-oriented, , patérnals get influenced by others easily. They possess the following, characteristics :, , e Less involved in their jobs, , » Low/job satisfaction, , More alienated from work settings, e High absenteeism, e Lowon motivation, , e Follow directions, , 3. SELF-ESTEEM, hat affect individual, , ling of like or dislike, s from person to, , he personality traits t, refers to the fee, f self-esteem differ:, , Self-esteem is one of t, behaviour in organisations.’ It, towards oneself, The degree ©, , person., People with high self-esteem have the following characteristics :, , ° Ability to succeed at work, b selection and choose, , ® Ability to take more risks in jo, unconventional jobs, , ®. Experience more job satisfaction, , ® Sets challenging goals for themselves, , Scanned with CamScanner