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ROS eel RESEARCH(OR), , Lit. Meaning and Definition sation of information, The term “Operations Research (OR) describes the discipline that is focused on the applicatic, toohkeology fr Informed decision making, , , , , , , , , , , , , ; sic structure, characteristic,, Operations Research (OR) is the systematic method oriented study of the basic structure, , onl fie and quantitative, Ranchos and relationships of an organisation to provide the executive with a sound, scientific q, twos for decision making, , *, * Soacermed with scientifically deciding how to best design and operate man-machine systems usually, RE the allocation of resources, In other words, OR represents the study of optimal resource Seal, * OF the actual work is conducted by using analytical and numerical techniques to develop and manipul, mathematical models of organisational Systems that are composed of people, machines, and procedures., , Operations research (also known as decision science or management science) is an interdisciplinary, mathematical science that focuses on the effective use of technology by organizations, In contrast, many other, Scwace & engineering disciplines focus on technology giving secondary considerations to its use., , , , , , Empioving techniques from other mathematical Sciences such as mathematical modeling, statistical analysis,, , and mathematical optimisation, Operations Research arrives at optimal or near-optimal solutions to complex, decision-making problems., , Jeong Noe ede Research Society, America, “Operation fesearch is concemed with scientifically, deciding how “© Pest design and operate man machine systems usually requiring the allocation of scare resources, , According to T.L. Saaty, “OR is the art of giving bad answers to problems to which otherwise worse answers, are given™, , Accerding te PM Morse and GE Kimball, “Operation research is a Scientific, departments with a quantitative basis for decision under their control”, ‘, , According to HM Wagner, “Operation research is

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eZ . > & ahs to attempt to COpe ”, - i pee : bh isi ‘oblems ., achieve a thoroughgoing rationality in dealing with his decision pr, , 1.1.2. Characteristics of Operations Research, Some significant characteristics of operations research are given below:, , major premise of OR is that decision making, i, general systematic process. , 2) Scientific Approach: Operations 1, attempt is made to take account, considers the total system, scientific method involves, , , , 2022-2-|

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3), , 4), , Et ee a ae, , Objective-Oriented Approach: Operations research attempts to locate the best or optimal solution to the, problem under consideration. For this purpose, it is necessary that a measure of effectiveness is defined, , which is based on the goals of the organization. This measure is then used as the basic to compare the, alternative courses of action., , Inter-disciplinary Approach: Operations research is inter-disciplinary in nature and requires a team, approach to a solution of the problem, Managerial problems have economic, physical, psychological,, biological, sociological and engineering aspects. This requires a blend of people with expertise in the, areas of mathematics, statistics, engineering, economics, management, computer science, and so on., , 1.1.3. Nature of Operations Research, , 1), , 2), , 3), , , , , , Nature of Operations Research, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Quality of Solution, Goal Oriented Optimum Solution, Use of Models, Require Willing Executives, Reduces Complexity, , , , , , , , Quality of Solution: Operation research simply helps in improving the quality of the solution but does not, result into a perfect solution., , Goal Oriented Optimum Solution: Operations Research tries to optimize a well-defined function subject, to given constraints and as such is concerned with the optimization theory. ,, , Use of Models: Operations Research uses models built by quantitative measurement of the variables, concerning a given problem and also derives a solution from the Wnde Neaheimia we ks ll., , ZO2%

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OPOLOB ICAL, SOCIOlOg) Cinaartn., .... >” 6 _Probiems have economic; physical, psychological,, i oe a c1ological and engineering aspects. This requires a blend of people with expertise in the, = atematics, statistics, engineering, economics, management, computer science, and so on., , , , 1.1.3. Nature of Operations Research, , 1), , 2), , 3), , 4), , 5), , Nature of Operations Research, , Quality of Solution, , , , , , , , , , Goal Oriented Optimum Solution, , , , , , , , , , Use of Models, , , , , , , , Require Willing Executives, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Reduces Complexity, , , , , , , , Quality of Solution: Operation research simply helps in improving the quality of the solution but does not, result into a perfect solution., , Goal Oriented Optimum Solution: Operations Research tries to optimize a well-defined function subject, to given constraints and as such is concerned with the optimization theory. ', , Operations Research uses models built by quantitative measurement of the variables, concerning a given problem and also derives a solution from the model using one or more of the diversified, solution techniques. A solution may be extracted from a model either by conducting experiments on it or by, mathematical analysis. The purpose is to help the management to determine its policy and actions, , scientifically., , Require Willing Executives: Operations Research does require the willingness on the part of the executive, , for experimentation to evaluate the costs and the consequences of the alternative solutions of the problem. It, enables the decision-maker to be objective in choosing an alternative from among many possible, , alternatives., Complexity: Operations Research tries to reduce the complexity of business operations and does, , ieiy sata - correcting a difficult function and to consider innovations which are too costly and, , complicated to experiment with the actual practice. 2029-2, , Use of Models:, , 114 £=Moathadalonoyv af Oneratianc Racearch