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E-Commerce, By - GB Academy
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Introduction of E-commerce, E-commerce was first introduced in the 1960s via an electronic data, interchange (EDI) on value-added networks (VANs)., The medium grew with the increased availability of Internet access and the, advent of popular online sellers in the 1990s and early 2000s.
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Definition, E-commerce or electronic commerce is a process of buying and selling of goods, and/or services via electronic channels such as the Internet to reduce cost,, improve the quality of goods and services while increasing the speed of delivery., E-commerce refers to paperless exchange of business information using following, ways, 1. Electronic data interchange, 2. Electronic Mail (Email, Fax), 3. EFT, 4. Other network based technologies
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Features, , 1. Non-cash payment, 2. 24*7 service availability, 3. Advertising /marketing, 4. Improved sales, 5. Inventory Management
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Activities of e-commerce, Providing Customer Services, 1. Provide as much Information as Possible, 2. Always send confirmation emails, 3. Track orders carefully., 4. Respond to emails and calls as quickly as possible, 5. Make customers feel important, 6. Setup a live chat, 7. Make it easy to buy, 8. Provide multiple payment options, 9. Have a help link prominently displayed
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Communication Within the Organization, The manager in a hierarchical system becomes a link in the communication, chain, It is the hierarchical system that gives direction to and imposes restrictions upon, the flow of communications., Management decisions and directions flow from higher to lower levels in the, organization., Responses and reports from the lowerlevel managers flow upward in the, organization.
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The Communication Process, To set the stage for information and message flow through an organization, let's, review the basic elements of the communication process.
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The Communication Channels, The communication channel selected for transmitting a message plays a, significant role in maintaining the quality of the original message in its passage, from the sender to receiver.
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The Communication Channels, 1., , Formal. The communication within the formal organizational structure that, transmits goals, policies, procedures, and directions., , 2., , Informal. The communication outside the formal organizational structure that, fills the organizational gaps, maintains the linkages, and handles the one-time, situations., , 3., , Unofficial. The interpersonal communication within (or among) the social, structure of the organization that serves as the vehicle for casual, interpersonal exchanges, and transmittal of unofficial communications
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Gathering Information
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Publishing & Distributing, Management Information systems (MIS)-a computer-based system that, provides info and support for effective managerial decision making.
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Goals of E-commerce, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., , Customer Experience, Transaction Devices, Lower Product Cycle Time, Ease of Moving from Legacy Systems, Security
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Advantages and Limitations of E-commerce, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., , Economy, Lower Cost, Better Customer service, Greater Profit Margin, Knowledge market
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Economy, E-commerce is highly economical. Unlike the showrooms or shops, in, e-commerce there is no physical existence or store space, insurance or, infrastructure investment., All we need is just an idea to sell a unique product and a well designed website to, reach the customers and a partner to do fulfilment.
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Lower Cost, E-commerce on internet is extremely cost effective., It reduces logistical problems and puts a small business on a par with giants like, flipkart, amazon, jabong etc. e.g.-
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Better Customer service, E-commerce focuses on better and quicker customer service. e.g. The overnight, package delivery service, where tracking numbers allow customers to check the, whereabouts of a package online.
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Greater Profit Margin, E-commerce means greater profit margins.
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Knowledge market, E-commerce helps to create knowledge markets., Small groups inside big firms can be funded with seed money to develop new, ideas., E.g. The flipkart has gives a team to submit the order history report of each and, every transaction made throughout the year. So, for that, it invests the money for, the small group to carry out the project.
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Ensure Secrecy, devices have in built security measures., E.g. password, cipher etc. are some of the measures which provide security and, prevent unauthorised access and use of data, information and transaction
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Limitations, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., , High risk of internet start-up organisation, Lack of blueprint for handling e-commerce, Security, Customer relation problems, System and data integrity, Fulfillment problems
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Application of E-commerce, 1. Document Automation in Supply Chain and Logistics, 2. Domestic and International Payment Systems, 3. News Groups, 4. Enterprise Content Management, 5. Online Banking, 6. Online Shopping and Order Tracking
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Application of E-commerce, 7. Instant Messaging, 8. Online Office Suites, 9. Social Networking, 10. Electronic Tickets, 11. Digital Wallet Management, 12. Teleconferencing
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Document Automation in Supply Chain & Logistics, Supply chain - System of organizations, people, activities, info & resources in moving, product or service from supplier to customer., • Logistics - The commercial activity of transporting goods to customers ., • Document Automation - The design of systems and workflows that assist in the, creation electronic documents ., • Supply chain and logistics involve online documents like invoice , packing slips /, lists forms or reports of many types , which are usually the contracts between, the consignee ( buyer ) and the consigner ( seller ) . It involves online services like, user or seller registration , online document generator which generates these, documents required . Hence , it is an implementation of e - commerce
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Domestic & International Payment Systems, Payment System - System used to settle the financial transactions through, the transfer of monetary value , and includes the institutions , instruments ,, people , rules , procedures , standards and technologies that make such, exchanges possible, Electronic Payment can narrowly refer to e - commerce , as it is a payment, made for buying and selling goods and services offered through internet ., • Domestic Payment refers to the payment made within the, country and international payment refers to the payment made, globally across various countries., • International Payment refers to the payment made across the countries .
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Newsgroups, Newsgroups - It is a repository for messages posted from many users in, different locations. These are functionally similar to the discussion forums on, the World Wide Web ., • Newsgroup servers are hosted by various organizations and institutions ., Most host their own servers or rent access to one , for their subscribers ., It involves user subscription and payment online , it makes an important, implementation of e - commerce
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Enterprise Content Management, Enterprise Content Management (E C M) - It is a formalized means of, organizing and storing an organization’s documents , and other content , that, relate to the organization’s process ., • An organization has various branches worldwide which makes it a complex, system to manage and hence keep it running . Thus , E C M was, introduced which made the management online . E C M involves various, document generation , transaction etc , online which makes it an important, implementation of e - commerce
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Online Banking, Online Banking - An electronic payment system that enables the customers, of a bank or other financial institutions to conduct financial transactions, through a website ., • Online Banking involves transactional and non - transactional activities . It, has it’s advantages to both bank and its customer . It allows them to, permanently access the bank from anywhere in lower transaction, costs and without any security problems ., • Since Online Banking involves online services and operations with the, bank which is a major concept of e - commerce , so it is an implementation, of e – commerce
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Online Shopping & Order Tracking, online shopping - A form of e - commerce which allows the consumers to, directly buy goods or services from a seller over the internet using any, web - browser ., • order tracking - A process of determining the current and past locations of, a unique item or property in distribution and logistics ., • Both online shopping and order tracking are e - commerce concepts by, themselves . So they come under a crucial implementation of e - commerce
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Instant Messaging, instant messaging - A type of online chat which offers real time text, transmission over the internet ., • It provides online services to each and every user of the messaging, application to communicate with the other users of the same application ., This online service providing process is done using the e - commerce, concepts , hence instant messaging is also an implementation of e commerce
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Online Office Suites, office suites - Offered by various websites in the form of Software As A, Service . These can be accessed online by any internet - enabled device, and allow people to work together world wide and at any time ., • Office Suites include various applications - Document Creation and Editing, Applications , Publishing Applications , Collaborative Applications , and, Management Applications ., • Office suites involve online services like document creating , editing and, publishing services which can be made by a single person or a group of, people from any location world wide . Since there is a trading of services, using internet in office suites , it is an implementation of e - commerce .
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Social Networking Service, social network - A social structure made up of various individuals, or organizations and other social interactions between these social actors ., • social networking service - It is a platform to build the social relations, among people who share similar interests , activities , backgrounds ,, or real - life connections . It also represents each user’s profile ,, social links and other additional services ., • Since it involves various online services to bring up individuals or, organizations , or build various social interactions or relations between, these social actors using the internet as a medium , it is an application of, e - commerce
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Electronic Tickets, ticket - It is a transit pass used to enter into a service or industry . It is, mainly used in transport services or entertainment industry ., • electronic ticket - It is otherwise called as Digital Ticket . It is a more, efficient method of ticket entry , processing and marketing for companies in, the railways , flight and other transport and entertainment industries ., • It involves online registration services , online ticket booking services and, payment system for purchasing the tickets . As a lot of online trading of, products ( tickets ) and services are involved in electronic ticketing , hence it, is an important implementation of e - commerce
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Digital Wallet Management, wallet - It is a small , flat case that is used to carry items such as cash ,, credit/debit cards , identification documents etc. • digital wallet - It is an, electronic device that allows the user to make e - commerce transactions ., • A digital wallet has both information and software component , in which it, stores the complete information about the user/biller . It can be used, anytime by the user to buy any product online from any e - commerce, website , without any more form filling or identification documents ., • Since it involves online services like user registration services , online, security services , online management services and online purchasing, services , it is an important implementation of e - commerce
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Teleconferencing, teleconference - Live exchange and mass articulation of information among, several machines remote from one but linked by a telecommunication, system ., • internet teleconferencing - It involves conducting a teleconference over the, internet or a wide area network . It includes telephone conferencing ,, video conferencing and web conferencing ., • It involves various services , like online registration services and, online teleconferencing services , provided by the various servers over the, internet . So it is an implementation of e - commerce .
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E-Commerce - Business Models, E-commerce business models can generally be categorized into the following, categories., 1. Business - to - Business (B2B), 2. Business - to - Consumer (B2C), 3. Consumer - to - Consumer (C2C), 4. Consumer - to - Business (C2B), 5. Business - to - Government (B2G)
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E-Commerce - Business Models, 6. Government - to - Business (G2B), 7. Government - to - Citizen (G2C), 8. Business-to-Administration (B2A), 9. Consumer-to-Administration (C2A), 10. Peer-to-Peer (P2P)
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Business - to - Business
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Business - to - Consumer
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Consumer - to – Consumer
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Consumer - to - Business
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Business - to - Government
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Government - to - Business
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Government - to - Citizen / Consumer
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Business-to-Administration (B2A), In this kind of eCommerce transaction, there are dealings between, companies and public administration. It encompasses different services, such as, social security, fiscal measures, legal documents, employment and so on.
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Consumer-to-Administration (C2A), In this eCommerce model, electronic transactions are carried between individuals, and public administration., Some examples are distance learning, information sharing, electronic tax filing,, and so on.
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Peer To Peer (P2P), A P2P business is one where consumers can buy and sell products and services, to one another. It is a symbiotic relationship where consumers share value, creation. In fact, P2P e-commerce is a form of C2C model of e-commerce.
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First indian e-commerce site : Fabmart.Com's 1999, Boston Computer Exchange - World first e-commerce site, In March 2021, the Confederation of All India Traders (CAIT), 'Bharat E-market'., GST stands for - Good and Services tax(1st July 2017), income Tax new site in india- https://www.incometax.gov.in, Government e-Marketplace - GEM (9 August 2016), Hosted by - DGS&D(DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF, SUPPLIES AND GOODS)
