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Subject Teacher –Prof. Ingale C.S., Class-BBA-III Sem-V, Subject-Human Skill, Chapter No -1 Basics Of Human Skills, , A-Introduction to Human skillsMeaning &significance of human skills, Introduction, Human or interpersonal skills are believed to be essential for every effective manager or leader., This component has been discussed by many scholars and researchers. This paper will illustrate, the importance of human skills by discussing the examples of successful leaders and managers, such as Charlie Bell. In part, this discussion will be based on the ideas of Robert Katz (1955), who identified and examined the attributes of good administrator and executives., It refers to the ability of a human to judge & work with understanding & motivate others which, mean the person should be competent to handle interpersonal relation both to the individual as, well as group level. ., Definition of human skills (1):, This skill is the ability to work well with other people individually and in groups., Communication, empathy, understanding of body language, growth mindset, self-awareness, etc., are some human skills., Definition (2):, An individual’s knowledge, talent, and ability attitude’s sum total is a human skill., I. Reading Skill, “People who read the people who lead” because the act of reading is essentially a process of, thinking. The question is not can you read rather it is, Can you read well. It is necessary to read, at least half an hour a day.
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Mind training for better reading, a.Question, One must ask a question not only before reading but also while reading. Do I agree with what, proof? What follow these types of question should be asked, Time spend on the question should, be 10% of the total time, b. Read, For effective reading, it is necessary to choose a place where there is no disturbance. Active, involvement should be there in reading after every hour it is necessary to take a break. Time, spent on reading should be 15% of the total time, c. Restate, It means to put down the book at regular intervals and tell what you read. A good reader does it., After a certain interval close the book & tell your sub main point & important details. The reader, who restates remembers three times more who does not restate. Time spend shall be 20% of the, total time., d. Review, It is simply repeating the first three steps i. e question, read & restate. Time spent should be 10%, of the total time, 2. Writing Skill., A good writer is a sculpture he uses fewer words & expresses more. He cuts useless word and, makes every word means.
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Essentials of good writing skill, 1. Concentrate on paragraph develop one paragraph one idea., 2. Clear writing comes from clear thinking., 3. Always try to write to express not to impress., 4. Be a reader-oriented., , Essential for writing a business letter, For writing a business letter it is necessary to stay in the simplest way possible the basic element, of the message. The proper order of the ideas need to be maintained, Letter of yes, (Promotion, admission, permission, award, etc), For such type of letter, it is necessary to put the main idea first following with details & end on, pleasant, Letter of No, ( Request, Refuse, Regret), In such type of letter put the natural idea first then the reason, then bad news in tactful term &, end with a pleasant note, 3.Listening skill, The manager spends 45% of their time listening. The better person listens the better the, relationship will be maintained. The most common benefit of better listening is an appreciation, increase in moral & avoiding of conflict
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Listening indicates, 1., , A person is important, , 2. The person is worth of time & attention person is interesting, 3., , That person is interesting., , Essential for Being Good Listener, 1. Give full attention to the person who is speaking., 2. Don’t look out the window or what else is going on., 3. Make sure your mind is focused., 4. If you feel that your mind is wondering to change the position of your body & try to, focus on spoken words., 5. Start speaking after the speaker finishes his talk., 6. You can’t really listen if you are busy thinking about what you want to say next., 7. Listen to make the important points the speaker wants to access., 4) Speaking skill, A. FLUENCY. Fluency is about how comfortable and confident you are in, speaking English. If you can speak for an extended period of time, that is an, indicator of strong fluency. It is also about showing a clear connection between, each point that you are trying to make. This skill means that the listener can, follow what you are saying and does not get lost., B. VOCABULARY. Of course, if you don’t have the words to say what you want, to say, then you cannot say it. Being a good speaker means constantly growing, you’re vocabulary. The more interesting words you know, the stronger your, speaking skills. The best way to grow your vocabulary is to read in English and, make a note of any new words that you encounter in a vocabulary notebook., C. GRAMMAR. The dreaded G word! Grammar does matter and the fewer, mistakes you make, the better your speaking skill will be. However, do not, worry about making mistakes either! A good speaker does not have to use
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perfect grammar. Certainly, though, it is a good idea to make sure that you have, mastered the major tenses., D. PRONUNCIATION. Pronunciation is a complex area, with a lot of sub skills, that can be practiced. The basic rule of thumb is that an average speaker can, speak and be understood. A skilled speaker can use the sub skills of, pronunciation to emphasise and make the communicative effect of their speech, more impactful. The sub skills of pronunciation include: word and sentence, stress, intonation, rhythm and the use of the individual sounds of a language. A, good way to practice your pronunciation is to copy! Simply listen to how, someone with good pronunciation speaks, and try to imitate them as closely as, possible., , B) Basic abilities –, Abilities refer to individual capabilities to perform various tasks in a job, If an employee doesn’t, have desired abilities his performance on the job will be poor irrespective of his commitment &, enthusiasm, For E.g If a commerce graduate is not having good numerical ability than irrespective of his, commitment & enthusiasm his performance
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1.Muscular Ability, It refers to those abilities which are necessary to perform manual task & semi-skilled job. Some, of the basic physical abilities are, 1. Static Strength:- It is used to move a thing from one place to another, 2. Dynamic Strenght: Repeatedly applying force for a longer period, 3. Dynamic Flexibility: Muscular Actions, 4. Body Coordination: Control on his own action, 5. Stamina: The organization check the physical abilities required for a specific job &, then select the employees this will result in increased productivity & effectiveness, , 2. Mental Ability, It refers to those abilities which one required to perform mental activities there are 7 dimensions, of mental ability, i)Number Aptitude- C.A
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ii) Verbal Comprehension –CEO, iii)Perceptual Skill- CID, Crime branch officer,(who process analyze interpret information), iv)Inductive Reasoning- economist( who arrive at conclusions based on observation), v)Deductive Reasoning- Material Manager, vi)Spatial visualization- Architect, vii)Memory- Training Manager, , 3.Conceptual Ability, It refers to the mental ability & attitude of a manager to analyze & handle the complex situation, for solving complex problems. The manager will require to take & make decision keeping in, mind the organization own goals & objections., For Eg CEO follows companies corporate policy, it needs a high level of conceptual ability as, they can expose to various situation., , 4.Social Ability, Expressing views, opinions, judgment to others is a tendency of a human being. The social, ability of man will balance between personal & professional life. As the absence of social ability, may result in stress, loneliness, health problem etc. The social group consists of friends,, relatives, subordinates etc., 5.Sensory Ability, There is five sense of the human being eyes-to see, ears to hear/listen, tongue- to taste/speak,, skin –to feel, nose –to smell.
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In order to have a balance between job requirement & abilities sensory abilities are very, important., For eg, A pilot requires special visualization ability., C-Understanding Self And Others, Introduction, The Johari window model is used to enhance the individual’s perception on others. This model is, based on two ideas- trust can be acquired by revealing information about you to others and, learning yourselves from their feedbacks. Each person is represented by the Johari model, through four quadrants or window pane. Each four window panes signifies personal information,, feelings, motivation and whether that information is known or unknown to oneself or others in, four viewpoints., , The method of conveying and accepting feedback is interpreted in this model. A Johari is, represented as a common window with four panes. Two of these panes represent self and the, other two represent the part unknown to self but to others. The information transfers from one, pane to the other as the result of mutual trust which can be achieved through socializing and the, feedback got from other members of the group.
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1. Open/self-area or arena – Here the information about the person his attitudes, behaviour,, emotions, feelings, skills and views will be known by the person as well as by others. This is, mainly the area where all the communications occur and the larger the arena becomes the more, effectual and dynamic the relationship will be. ‘Feedback solicitation’ is a process which occurs, by understanding and listening to the feedback from another person. Through this way the open, area can be increased horizontally decreasing the blind spot. The size of the arena can also be, increased downwards and thus by reducing the hidden and unknown areas through revealing, one’s feelings to other person., 2. Blind self or blind spot – Information about yourselves that others know in a group but you, will be unaware of it. Others may interpret yourselves differently than you expect. The blind spot, is reduced for an efficient communication through seeking feedback from others., 3. Hidden area or façade – Information that is known to you but will be kept unknown from, others. This can be any personal information which you feel reluctant to reveal. This includes, feelings, past experiences, fears, secrets etc. we keep some of our feelings and information as, private as it affects the relationships and thus the hidden area must be reduced by moving the, information to the open areas., Analysis of strength and weakness., , Use SWOT Analysis to assess your organization's current position before you decide on any new, strategy., Find out what's working well, and what's not so good. Ask yourself where you want to go, how, you might get there – and what might get in your way. These are big issues, and you'll need a, powerful but simple technique to help you: SWOT Analysis., This article, video and infographic will help you to discover what SWOT Analysis is, how to, carry one out, and how to apply its benefits to the max., , What Is a SWOT Analysis?, SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, and so a SWOT Analysis, is a technique for assessing these four aspects of your business.
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You can use SWOT Analysis to make the most of what you've got, to your organization's best, advantage. And you can reduce the chances of failure, by understanding what you're lacking, and, eliminating hazards that would otherwise catch you unawares., Better still, you can start to craft a strategy that distinguishes you from your competitors, and so, compete successfully in your market., SWOT Analysis framework, , 1. Strengths - Strengths are the qualities that enable us to accomplish the organization’s, mission. These are the basis on which continued success can be made and, continued/sustained., Strengths can be either tangible or intangible. These are what you are well-versed in or, what you have expertise in, the traits and qualities your employees possess (individually, and as a team) and the distinct features that give your organization its consistency., Strengths are the beneficial aspects of the organization or the capabilities of an, organization, which includes human competencies, process capabilities, financial, resources, products and services, customer goodwill and brand loyalty. Examples of, organizational strengths are huge financial resources, broad product line, no debt,, committed employees, etc.
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2. Weaknesses - Weaknesses are the qualities that prevent us from accomplishing our, mission and achieving our full potential. These weaknesses deteriorate influences on the, organizational success and growth. Weaknesses are the factors which do not meet the, standards we feel they should meet., Weaknesses in an organization may be depreciating machinery, insufficient research and, development facilities, narrow product range, poor decision-making, etc. Weaknesses are, controllable. They must be minimized and eliminated. For instance - to overcome, obsolete machinery, new machinery can be purchased. Other examples of organizational, weaknesses are huge debts, high employee turnover, complex decision making process,, narrow product range, large wastage of raw materials, etc., 3. Opportunities - Opportunities are presented by the environment within which our, organization operates. These arise when an organization can take benefit of conditions in, its environment to plan and execute strategies that enable it to become more profitable., Organizations can gain competitive advantage by making use of opportunities., Organization should be careful and recognize the opportunities and grasp them whenever, they arise. Selecting the targets that will best serve the clients while getting desired, results is a difficult task. Opportunities may arise from market, competition,, industry/government and technology. Increasing demand for telecommunications, accompanied by deregulation is a great opportunity for new firms to enter telecom sector, and compete with existing firms for revenue., 4. Threats - Threats arise when conditions in external environment jeopardize the reliability, and profitability of the organization’s business. They compound the vulnerability when, they relate to the weaknesses. Threats are uncontrollable. When a threat comes, the, stability and survival can be at stake. Examples of threats are - unrest among employees;, ever changing technology; increasing competition leading to excess capacity, price wars, and reducing industry profits; etc.
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Advantages of SWOT Analysis, SWOT Analysis is instrumental in strategy formulation and selection. It is a strong tool, but it, involves a great subjective element. It is best when used as a guide, and not as a prescription., Successful businesses build on their strengths, correct their weakness and protect against internal, weaknesses and external threats. They also keep a watch on their overall business environment, and recognize and exploit new opportunities faster than its competitors., SWOT Analysis helps in strategic planning in following mannera. It is a source of information for strategic planning., b. Builds organization’s strengths., c. Reverse its weaknesses., d. Maximize its response to opportunities., e. Overcome organization’s threats., f. It helps in identifying core competencies of the firm., g. It helps in setting of objectives for strategic planning., h. It helps in knowing past, present and future so that by using past and current data, future, plans can be chalked out., Goal setting to overcome weakness, 1. Understand where you fall short, You can’t improve on your weaknesses without first understanding what they are. Consult, trusted colleagues, former bosses or supervisors and also spend some time thinking about it, yourself. Make a list of things that you struggle with and then pick one that you feel most, holds you back. Some examples could be public speaking, time management or lack of focus.
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2. Enlist your support system, , Talk to your friends and colleagues about how you want to improve and ask for their, support. It’s amazing what a little encouragement from people who truly care about you can do, when you’re feeling frustrated., , 3. Educate yourself, , Do some research about how other people have overcome their workplace weaknesses. Try to, understand the reasons why you’re struggling in a certain area and read about what could, help you. Realize also that there are people out there that struggle with similar things and have, found ways to get better., 4. Make goals for yourself and work to meet them, , Commit time and effort towards improving on your weaknesses. Take a theater or, communications class if what you struggle with is public speaking, for example. If networking, makes you cringe, make a goal of going to 3 networking events in the month and making at least, 2 contacts at each event. Set small goals and deadlines for when you want them, accomplished., , 5. Celebrate small achievements, After you’ve made small challenges for yourself, and met them, take time to celebrate. It’s, important to be happy with your achievements, even if they seem minimal. Being good at, something you’re already talented at is one thing – becoming better at something you, struggle with is the real accomplishment., 6.For some reason we all remember the negative feedback much more than the positive. While, focusing on improving your weaknesses, don’t forget to also recognize all of the wonderful
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things that you bring to the table as an employee. Let the confidence you have gained from, your strengths help you to tackle your weaknesses with even more gusto., , 7. Work with people who complement you well, , One of the great things about working in a team is that everyone brings something different to, the table. We’re all working with certain advantages and disadvantages, so it’s good to find, people who can compensate for areas where you may be lacking. Also, by interacting with, people with different strengths you can also learn from them by observing and emulating their, behavior., .
