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PERSONALITY : NATURE, TYPES, THEORIES..., , exclusively mental nor exclusively neural (physical). Its organisation entails the functioning of both ‘mind’, and ‘body’ in some extricable unity.”, , Psycho-physical systems are not the product of heredity although they have hereditary foundations., They are the product of learning and they derive from the life experiences of the individual. They are, complexes of many elements in mutual interaction. They are potentials for activity., , 4. Determining tendencies : All the systems that comprise personality are to be regarded as, determining tendencies. They exert a directive influence upon all the adjustive and expressive acts by which, the personality comes to be known. The word ‘determine’ emphasizes the motivational role of the, psycho-physical systems. It is the psycho-physical systems that activate the organism for action. Within the, individual, these systems lie behind specific acts and influence the form they will take. Once an attitude,, belief, habit, sentiment, or some other element of a psycho-physical system has been aroused by a stimilus,, either from the environment or within the individual, it provokes adjustive and expressive acts which are, charactersstic forms of expression of that individual., , es Unique : Personality is something unique. There is an element of uniqueness in the personality, of every person. No two individuals behave in precisely the same way over a period of time. Since no two, persons, not even identical twins, have exactly the same life experiences, each person learns to respond to, his environment in terms of his individual experiences, drives, and interests and the different, psycho-physical systems that have been built up as a result of learning. Even the behaviour and concepts, which people apparently share with others are, in reality, individual. Some, of course, are less “unique”, than others but none lacks a “personal flavour”. ™, , Cape sau : Personality is continually adjusting itself to environment. Prof. Murphy writes,, “A good personality means power of adjustment with environment.” The unique adjustment of the, individual to his environment means that each individual employs different methods of adjustment, resulting in unique adjustment. What the person does, mainly, is adjustment to his environment and his, own inner life. It is evoked by stimuli arising in the environment. How a person will act depends upon his, organic structure, his present condition, his attitudes, goals and dispositions. When he has acted, he has, attained a new balance between outer and inner forces. The behaviour of a professor, a doctor, a salesman,, , a policeman, a husband is his or her way of adjusting to environment. This adjustment is a progressive, modification of environmental conditions to suit one’s needs and purposes., , Jf Sociability : Personality is through and through social. Society plays an important role in shaping, the Personality of an eee Our consciousness of ourselves arises only in our interaction with other, members of society. Development of our personality takes place through our social experience. Thus, rps is found in our personality. Personality implies the reactions of others to our qualities and, actions., , 8\4zoal-directed : Personality is goal-directed. The patterns of behaviour, determined by the, , psycho-physical systems within the individual, are not aimless, but are directed towards the specific goal, , of fittin individual into the physical and’social environment in which he lives. While personality may, be expressed in speech, in reactions to people and things, in mannerism, in fantasy, and in other ways, all, , , , , , , , , , , , , are consciously, sub-consciously, or unconsciously directed towards the specifi i, sadividughto adjesbin Sit ouilgemmpbnte tse yao pecific goal of enabling the, JA DRA EnES * In the words of Prof. Woodworth, “Consistency is an important characteristic of, ersO ality.” tan i ontradicting his own statement, it means he does not possess a balance, personali . There shou i be no sell-contradictory statements. Boring and Others defined personality, in terms of consistent adjustments to environment., , er important feature of personality. Those who are, , € success in society. Some people, y fail to ach