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y/” Part: A | Principles and Functions of Management, , DIRECTING, , intents as per Latest CBSE Syllabu, , = Concept and importance, , = Elements of Directing, Motivation—concept, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs,, Financial and non financial incentives, , m= Leadership—concept, Styles—authoritative, democratic, and laissez faire, , = Communication—concept, formal and informal, communication; barriers to effective communication,, how to overcome the barriers, , , , 7.1 MEANING AND INTRODUCTION, , Directing function of management is concerned with instructing, guiding, inspiring, and motivating the employees in the organisation so that their efforts result in achievement of, organisational goal., , After the staffing function the right person is placed at the right position in the organisation., But actual work begins only when these persons get instructions from their superiors. Directing, does not mean only instruction but it also includes supervising the employees when they are, performing the job, motivating them to perform more efficiently and leading them towards the, achievement of organisational goal., , Definitions by different authors:, ® “Directing is telling people what to do and seeing that they do it to the best of their ability.”, —Ernest Dale, , @ “Direction is a complex function that includes all those activities which are designed to encourage, subordinates to work effectively and efficiently.” —Koontz and O’Donnell, , @ “Directing deals with the steps a manager takes to get subordinates and others to carry out plans.”, —wWilliam Newman, , 7.2 FEATURES/CHARACTERISTICS OF DIRECTING FUNCTION, , 1. Directing initiates action. Other functions prepare a base or setting of action, i.e., how, action has to be carried on the directing initiate or start action. By giving directions or, instructions the managers get the work started in the organisation.
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294 | Part: A Principles and Functions of Management, , 2., , Continuing function. Directing is a continuous process. A manager cannot just rest after, issuing orders and instructions. He has to continuously guide, supervise and motivate his, subordinates. He must continuously take steps to make sure that orders and instructions are, carried out properly., , Directing takes place at every level. Directing is a pervasive function as it is performed by, managers at all levels and in all locations. Every manager has to supervise, guide, motivate, and communicate with his subordinate to get things done. However, the time spent in, directing is comparatively more at operational level of management. Directing takes place, wherever superior subordinate relation exists., , Directing flows from top to bottom. Directions are given by managers to their subordinates., Every manager can direct his immediate subordinate and take directions from immediate, boss. Directing starts from top level and flows to lower level., , Performance oriented. Directing is a performance oriented function. The main motive of, directing is bringing efficiency in performance. Directing converts plans into performance., Performance is the essence of directing. Directing functions direct the performance of, individuals towards achievement of organisational goal., , Human element. Directing function involves study and moulding of human behaviour. It, improves interpersonal and intergroup relationship. It motivates employees to work with, their best ability., , , , , , Directing _ Directing Directing, initiates coed takes place at flows from Perfomance neers, action every level top to bottom, , , , Il Directing Function, , Directing initiates action. Initiate action, , Continuing function. Giving instruction, orders to employees, Directing takes place at every level. Motivating employees, Directing flows from top to bottom. Leading employees, Performance oriented. Communicating with employees, Human element. Giving directions, , (vil) Affect the performance of employees, , 7.3 IMPORTANCE OF DIRECTING FUNCTION, , 1., , To initiate action. The employees in the organisation start working only when they get, instructions and directions from their superiors. In the directing function the superiors
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Chapter: 7 Directing | 295, , direct the actions of employees towards the predetermined goals of the organisation., If the directing function is executed successfully then it results in unity of direction and, achievement of organisational goals., , To integrate employees’ efforts. In the organisation number of employees are working at, different levels and in different job positions. The employees may differ in their levels of, authority and the type of job assigned. But all are interrelated to each other as they are the, part of one organisation. When the employees are working at different levels then their, efforts are integrated and they co-ordinate only with the help of directing function as while, issuing instructions the continuity of the work can be maintained., , Means of motivation. Directing function does not mean giving orders only but through, directions and instructions the superiors try to motivate the employees to perform to their, best ability. Motivation is a very important element of directing. Directing function develops, the feeling of belongingness and encourages employees to perform to their best ability., , Bring stability and balance in the organisation. The directing function tries to create, balance in the organisation. Generally when the employees are working at different levels, they develop different attitudes and the balance between their attitudes is made by directing, function. For example, the salesman may insist on reduction of price to get more orders, whereas the high officials are against the reduction as it will bring down or reduce the total, revenue. The directing function tries to balance both the attitudes by instructing and guiding, the salesperson to find out other means and ways of increasing sale., , Sometimes there can be difference of attitude between the employee and the employer. Here, also directing function creates balance by instructing the employees that their interests and, organisation's interests are in same direction. For example, employees want more earnings,, organisation wants more production. The employees can earn more by producing more, which will achieve the organisational goal also., , To facilitate change. Generally the employees hesitate in accepting the changes but through, directing function the changes can be implemented more easily as while giving directions, the superiors guide the subordinates that the changes are better for them also. For example,, when the company is planning to computerise its working generally the employees hesitate, to accept it as they are not aware of the technology. But when in the directing function the, employees are guided that through change they will also be updated as they will have chance, of learning new technology which will increase their value in the market. So through proper, guidance the employees readily and happily accept changes., , , , , , To initiate ae Means of ee ee To facilitate, action efforts motivation anahe change, , organisation
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296 | Part: A Principles and Functions of Management, , Keywords, , Bf Importance of Directing Function, (i) To initiate action. Help to start the activities in organisation, , (ii) To integrate employees’ efforts. It being together employees working at different places, through proper communicate, , (iii) Means of motivation. Encourage employees to perform to the best ability, , (iv) Bring stability and balance in the organisation. Create balance between top and lower, level, , (vy) To facilitate change. Help to implement changes by convincing the employees, , 7.4 ELEMENTS OF DIRECTING, , There are four main elements or components of directing which are:, , , , , , , , 1. Supervision, 2. Motivation,, 3. Communication, 4. Leadership., { Supervision] + { Motivation | + [Communication] + [ Leadership | a | Directing, 7.5 SUPERVISION, , The supervision means instructing, guiding, monitoring and observing the employees, while they are performing jobs in the organisation. The word supervision is the combination, of two words, i.e., supervision where super means over and above and vision means seeing. So,, supervision means seeing the activities of employees from over and above., , B Supervision, (a) Instructing the employees, (b) Guiding the employees, (c)_ Linking pin between workers and middle level., , , , 1. The function of management which initiate action is:, (a) Planning (b) Organising, (c) Staffing (d) Directing, , 2. Is directing required at planning stage, give reasons to support your answer., , , , (Answers at Page no. 348)
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Chapter: 7 Directing | 297, , 7.6 MOTIVATION (WILL TO WORK), , Motivation can be defined as stimulating, inspiring and inducing the employees to perform, , to their best capacity. Motivation is a psychological term which means it cannot be forced on, , employees. It comes automatically from inside the employees as it is the willingness to do the, work. Motivation is a process of making subordinates to act in a desired manner to achieve, organisational goal., , 7.6.1 Few Interrelated Terms, , i, , Motive. A motive is an inner state or desire which energises an individual to move or to, behave towards achievement of goal. Motive arises out of needs of an individual. When a, motive emerges in an individual. It causes restlessness as he wants to fulfill his motive. For, example motive to earn induces an individual to search for job or work. Individual searches, for food to fulfill the motive of hunger., , Motivation. It is a process of inducing people to perform to their best ability to accomplish, the goal., , Motivators. Motivators are the incentives or techniques used to motivate the people in an, organisation. Common motivators used by the managers are increment, bonus, promotion,, recognition, respect, etc., , 7.6.2 Features/Characteristics/Nature of Motivation, , A., , Motivation is a psychological phenomenon. Motivation is an internal feeling which means, it cannot be forced on employees. The internal feelings such as need, desire, aspirations etc., influence human behaviour to behave in a particular manner. For example, desire to have a, new house, respect and recognition, etc., , Motivation produces goal directed behaviour. Motivation induces people to behave in, such a manner so that they can achieve their goal. Motivated person need no supervision or, direction. He will always work in desired manner. For example if a person has a motive to, get promotion so he will work efficiently to get promotion., , Motivators can be positive as well as negative. To motivate employees managers use, various motivators. Some motivators are positive and some are negative few examples of, positive motivators are: promotion, increment, bonus, respect, recognition, etc. If employee, does not improve his performance with positive motivators then manager uses negative, motivators such as warning, issue of memo, demotion, stopping increments, etc. Sometimes, fear of negative motivators also induces person to behave in a desired manner., , Motivation is a complex process. Motivation is a complex and difficult task. In order to, motivate people a manager must understand various types of human needs. Human needs, are mental feelings which can be measured accurately. If manager measures them accurately, then also every person uses different approaches to satisfy his need. Some get satisfied with, monetary incentives, some with non-monetary, some with positive and some with negative, motivators. So it is not possible to make generalisation in motivation.
