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Business Economics, , .B.Com.) (Sem,, , 48, , 1., , INTRODUCTION, Agriculture, , Primary and, , is generally, , considered as, , major sector of the, , Indian, , the, , ndian economy., backbone of, , It is, , th, , population depende, Over 60% ot, and, 11% of the exports, contributes 14% of GDP, Indian, , economy., , on agriculture for the income earning. Itgrowth was poor. It was lesS than 47o per annum., But in the last two decades agricultureGovernment of India has taken a policy measure, eeping this into consideration, the, this policy w a s to achieve higher, National Agricultural Policy. The main aim of, ailed, growth rate., 2., , NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL POLICY, 2000, , on 28" July 2000, Government of India announced a National Agricultural Policy, This he, policy was presented by the agriculture Minister Mr. Nitish Kumar in the parliament, , This is the first ever national agricultural policy of India., The National Agricultural Policy (NAP) aims:, i), , to open up the vast untapped growth potential of Indian agriculture, , i) strengthen rural infrastructure to support faster agricultural development,, promote value addition,, , ii) accelerate the growth of agro business, iv) create employment in rural areas, , v)secure a fair standard of living for the farmers and agricultural workers and their, families, , 2.1, , vi) discourage migration to urban areas, and, vii) face the challenges arising out of economic liberalization and, , Objectives of National Agricultural policy 2000, The objectives of, National Agricultural Policy 2000 are, i), , To, , achieve, , globalization., , growth rate of more than 4% per annum in agriculture sector., , ii) To make efficient use of resources., , ii) To make agriculture more market-oriented, iv) To conserve soil, water and, bio-diversity in the country., vTo achieve growth with equity in, agriculture i.e. to achieve, all the famers across, regions., vi) To achieve growth that is sustainable, , technologically, environmentally, , economically., , vii) To achieve growth in, that, markets and maximizesagriculture, benefits from, of the, , vii), , 1., , demand driven and, , exports, , necessary institutional and, , Features of National, Agricultural, The main features of National, , Sustainable Agriculture, , The, , is, , of, , caters to, , globalization., , management reforms, , for the, , and, , domestic, , agriculture products in the, challenges arising from economic liberlisation, and, , To bring in, sector., , 2.2, , growth that benefits, , face, , agriculture, , Policy, 2000, Agricultural Policy are as follows, , National, , Policy seeks to promote, agriculture throughAgriculture, sustainable, environment, and, friendly, of, natural resources like land,, development, water etc., economically, viable use, of, The achieve this,, country's, following measures have been, i)To control indiscriminate, suggested :, transfer, of, purposes., ii) To use unultilised, wastelands for, , agricultural land for, non-agricultural, agriculture and afforestation.

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National Agricultural Policy 2000, , 49, , ii) To increase cropping intensity through multi-cropping and inter-cropping, , iv) To pursue a long-term plan for sustainable rainfed agriculture through watershed, , development approach., , 2., , v) To make rational use of surface and, ground water., vi) Major thrust will be given to the use of, bio-technology, agro forestry,, soils and enriching their, fertility etc. to ensure sustainable agriculture., Food and Nutritional Security, , conserving, , To meet the demands of the growing population, special efforts will be taken to, increase the productivity and production of crops. To achieve this, the Policy proposed the, , following measures, i), , Special, , attention will be, , developing new varieties of food crops having high, help of biotechnology, For generating export, surplus and employme in rural areas, greater attention, will be on the, development of rainfed agriculture, horticulture, floriculture,, on, , nutritional value with the, , i), , beekeeping etc., , ii) Better varieties of seeds that are disease-resistant will be made available, , iv), , In order to, , diversify agriculture, development, , of animal, , dairying and aquaculture will be given high priority, , husbandry, poultry,, , v) Improved technology will be used for the development of livestock and marine, and inland fisheries, vi) To meet the requirements of milk, meat, egg and livestock products a 'National, , Livestock Breeding Strategy' will be developed., vii) The co-operatives and private sector will be encouraged for the development of, animal husbandry, poultry and dairy., Generation and Transfer of Technology, The National Agricultural Policy seeks to build a well, organized, efficient agriculture, research and education system to introduce technological changes in Indian, agriculture., To achieve this, following measures, suggested:, have, , 3., , i) The government, technologies,, , been, , will, , encourage, , technology, , application, , of, , biotechnology,remote, energy saving, sensing, , for environment protection and, , technologies., ii) The government will take measures to empower women and improve their access, to inputs, technology and other farming resources., , i) The agricultural research in different region will be based on the agro climatic, zones., , iv) The research and extension linkages will be strengthened to improve quality and, effectiveness of research in agriculture., , v) The decentralization in research extension centres will be done to make them, responsible and accountable to farmers., 4., , Incentives for Agriculture, The National Agriculture Policy, , aims to provide various incentives to agriculture., , i) To protect the interest of the farmers, the government will try to create a, favourable economic environment for increasing capital formation., , ii) Benefits available, , to the, , manufacturing, , sector will be, , sector such as credit, input, infrastructure etc., ii) Continuous monitoring of international prices, appropriate tariffs protection will be provided., , extended, , to, , will, , undertaken, , be, , the, , agriculture, and

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Business Economics (T. Y.B.Com.) (Sem,-v), , P'R'T, , Iv) The domestic agricultural market will be liberalised. Restrictions on the, movement of agricultural commodities throughout the country will be, progressively dismalted., , V)Plant varieties would be protected through a legislation to encourage research, and breeding of new varieties., vi) The structure of taxes, and rationalized., , on, , food grains and other commercial crops, , of, vii) Government will keep agriculture outside the purview, , regime of agriculture subsidies, 5., , will be, , reviewed, , taxes and the present, , will be continued., , Inputs Management, , timely supply of, protection chemicals, , and, , The National Agricultural Policy seeks to provide adequate, inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, credit, agricultural machinery, plant, and bio-pesticides., To achieve this, the policy suggested following measures:, i)A National Seed Grid will be established, , to ensure, , supply, , of, , seeds, especially, , to, , areas affected by natural calamities, , ii) Balanced and optimum use of fertilisers. The use of organic manures and bio-, , fertilisers will be encouraged, ii) Excessive use of chemical pesticides will be minimised. Emphasis will be on, , Integrated Pest Management (1PM), iv) Use of eco-friendly technology will be promoted, , v)Private sector participation in development, production and distribution of, improved varieties of seeds will be encouraged., , vi) Protection to plant varieties through legislation will be granted to encourage, research and breeding of new varieties., 6., , Investments in Agriculture, , Over the years, the public sector investments in agriculture has declined. Takingg a, serious view of this scenario, the policy suggested following measures., i), , The private sector investment in agriculture will be encouraged in areas like, , agricultural research, human resource development, post harvest management, and marketing., , i) Rural electrification will be given high priority for agricultural developmen, ii) Providing better storage and transport facilities to reduce post-harvest losses and, ensure better return to the farmer., iv) Setting up of agro-processing units in the producing areas to reduce wastage., , v) Increase in public sector investment in agriculture will, imbalances., 7., , reduce, , regional, , Institutional Structure, Strengthening the institutional structure in necessary for the development of, , agriculture. For this, the policy suggested following measuresS, , i), , Consolidation of land holding through out the country on the pattern of, northwestern regions., ii) Redistribution of surplus land and wastelands among the landless farmers and, , unemployed youth., ii) Tenancy reforms to recognize the rights of the tenants and, share-croppers., , iv) Updating of land records and, farmers., , computerization and issue of land pass-books to the, , v) Recognition of women's rights over land.

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National Agricultural Policy 2000, , 51, , vi) Private sector participation will be encouraged through contract farming and land, , leasing arrangements to allow accelerated technology transfer, capital inflow and, assured markets for crop production, especially of oil sceds, cotton and, , horticultural crops., vi) Progressive institutionalization of rural and farm credit will be continued to, , provide timely and adequate credit to farmers., vii) Rural credit institutions will be geared to promote savings, investments and risk, , management., ix) To strengthen the rural credit, the policy has suggested simplified procedure for, , sanctioning agricultural loan and promotion of micro-credit through Self-Help, , Group Linkage System., s., , Risk Management, Agriculture in India is a risky business. In order to minimize the risks of the farmers, , the National Agriculture Policy suggested following measures, i) Providing insurance policy to the farmers and all crops. National Agriculture, Insurance Scheme cover all farmers and all crops throughout the, country., , ii) Providing a package insurance policy for the farmers, right from sowing of the, , crops to post-harvest operations including market fluctuations in the prices of, agricultural produce., ii) The government will continue to announce Minimum Support Prices for different, crops to ensure better returns to the farmers, , iv) Finally, the government coverage will enlarge the coverage of the future markets, to minimize the wide fluctuations in commodity prices and also for hedging the, risks., , 9, , Management Reforms, For improving the management of agriculture, the National Agricultural Policy has, , suggested following measures, i), , The Central government will supplement the State government's eftorts through, regionally differentiated Work Plans., , ii) The government will focus on quality aspects at all stages of farm operations from, sowing to primary processing., , ii) The database for the agriculture sector will be strengthened to ensure greater, , reliability of estimates and forecasting which will help in the process of planning, and policy making., , Thus the National Agriculture Policy, 2000, attempts to transform the Indian, agriculture into a modern, dynamic and more productive one., 3., , CRITICAL EVALUATION OF NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL POLICY, The National Agricultural Policy appears to be very optimistic. It embraces almost, , every aspect required for sustainable growth of agriculture. However, there are certain, , limitation., 1., , Growth rate target not achieved, , The NAP 2000 clearly mentioned a growth rate of 4% in agriculture sector. But the, average growth rate in agriculture was 2.1% during the nineties and during the period, 2002-07 it was merely 2.3%, 2., , Not specified quantitative terms, , The National Agricultural Policy does not specify in quantitative ternms the targets to, be achieved.

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Rusinres, , lronomirs (1,Y,JtCom)(., , na, l Agriulural, Policy, aims to encourage private investment, farmers, and marginal, small, Neglect, , wells. agricultural, , fube, , The small and, t h e i r phductivity., ivate investment to increase productivity, , tarming ommunity Thev, detining over the vears., , have to, , depend, , marginal, as, , they, , mostly, , on, , farmers, , constitute, , public, , helps, , wil, , But this, , machinery etc., , in agricul, ner t, , big farm., , cannot undertake, , the India, which has, , the bulk of, , investment, , Fails to cover all states, , is to achieve growth with equt, the, of National Agricultural Policy, objective, he, But, across regions., the policy has failed, Wmich means growth that benefits all the farmers, potentia.., to dentv the states which have not utilized their agricultural, of, , Contract farming, The National Agricultural Policy seeks to encourage private sector participation, , through contract farming. But such type of contract farming would reduce employment in, , agriculture sector and this will give rise to the problem of unemployment in rural areas, Fail to mention any method, , 6., , vaious, , National Agricultural Policy fail to mention the method through which the, objectives and measures will be accomplished., , Time Bound, The National, Agricultural Policy does not have any time bound that is it does, ention any deadline or timeframe for the accomplishment of any task., , no, , State subject, , Agriculture in India is a State subject. But the policy formed by the Centra, , government has failed to specified the role of the State, government, mpiementing agencies of various schemes., 9, , Prof. Gulati has, , agriculture policy, ras been made, , to, , are, , not, , 1., , elaborate any strategy, , india, there is indiscriminate, , encouraged, , the, , to use, , use, , of various, , and, , Appropriate technology, Many, , technology, , developed, must be, , countries, to, , reduce, , yield, , promoted, , Increase productivity, , In, of, , for, , agriculture, , most of the land, , and, , afforestation bu, required heavy capita, , India, there is need, , quality, , of, farmers and, , of, , agricultural chemicals. Farmers, agro-chemical, pesticides and fertilizers., organic manures, , use, , increase productivity, also encourage new, , 3., , to use, , NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL, POLICY 2000, Optimum use of agricultural chemical, , educated about, 2., , productive., , to do so,, , IMPLICATIONS OF, , In, , be, , the real, , attempt, NAP is silient on, important, institutional, issues such d, of, irrigation, water forest and common land., , put India's wasteland, , to, , investment to make it, 4, , are, , priorities them., , NAP 2000 aim, , does, , they, , pinpointed that though all objectives and measures of the, equally important, there exists trade-offs betweern them. NoNationa, , participatory management, 10., , as, , to, , have, cost of, , very, , fertilizers., , effectively applied, and to, , and cost, enhancing production, and used., , need to, Farmers shoul, , tools of, , biotechnology, improve qual, |uality. India shuul, reducing technologies., Appr, , propriate, , increase, , uctivity,, inputs and other support, agriculture requiresi sufficient anmoun, to, Services, agro-processors should be created. larmers. Quality, consciousness amon6

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National Agricultural Policy 2000, 4., , 53, , Efficient use of natural resources, Natural resources like soil, water, biodiversity and cnvironment which are essential, , tor sustainable agriculture should be efficiently used. Sustainable agriculture should be, promoted through environment fricndly and economically viable use of country's natural, , resources, , Adequate and timely credit, While India has a wide network of rural finance institutions,, many of the rural poor, still remain excluded. The government should set up a number of commercial banks and, co-perative credit societies to provide adequate and timely facilities to farmers at a lower, 5., , COst, ., , Infrastructure facilities, , Many states in India lack infrastructure facilities such as electricity, transportation,, storage tacilities etc. Thus to provide infrastructural facilities to the agricultural sector,, Tural credit institutions should provide huge amount of investment in the agricultural, sector., , 7., , Private sector investment, The private sector investment in agriculture sector should be encouraged. Increase in, , public private sector investment in agriculture will reduce regional imbalances. So publicprivate partnership should be promoted through contract farming and land leasing, , arrangements., Agriculture extension programme, , 8., , Agricultural universities and research institutions should educate the farmers in latest, methods of cultivation and also in appropriate use of inputs. Agricultural education is, essential for progress and development of the country. Agricultural research should be, conducted and the benefits of research should be made available to all farmers., , 9, , Land reforms, Land reform laws were enacted to transfer surplus land to the farmers. But many, , small and marginal farmers have not been successful in acquiring ownership rights over, the land. Thus, there is an urgent need for the speedy implementation of land reform., 10. Use of waste land, , In India out of the total land area 15% is categorized as waste land. Such waste land, should be used for agriculture and afforestation., MODEL QUESTIONNS, , I, , Answer in brief, 1., , Explain the objectives of National Agricultural Policy, 2000., , 2., , Explain the salient features of National Agricultural Policy 2000., , 3., , Critically evaluate National Agricultural Policy 2000., , 4., , Suggest measures to achieve a sustainable agricultural growth rate of over 4 percent, per annum., , 5., , The National Agricultural Policy of 2000 is a major land mark in the history of, Indian agriculture". Discuss., , 6., , How does the National Agricultural Policy 2000 aim at making Indian, agriculture, modern, dynamic and more productive one?, Discuss the new initiative taken under the National Agricultural, Policy 2000., , 7., 8., , What are the implications of National Agricultural Policy 2000?

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Business Economics (T. Y.B.Com.) (Sem.54, , s's', , Il., , Write short notes on:, , 1., , Objectives of National agricultural Policy 2000, , 2., , Features of National agricultural Policy 2000, , 3., , Evaluation of National agricultural Policy 2000, , 4., , National Agricultural Policy (2000), Implication of NAP 2000, , 5., , OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS, A., , Fill in the blanks:, , Agriculture is considered as the backbone of ,, , 22, , The National, , Agricultural Policy, 2000 aims-percent growth rate per annum., Government keep agriculture outside the purview, of, , 3., , 4, , was established to supply seeds to areas affected by natural calamities., , LAns. (1) Indian economy, (2) 4, (3) taxes, (4) National Seed Grid)], B., 1., , Choose the correct, answer, The features of the National, , a) Sustainable Agriculture, c) Risk management, 2., , Agricultural Policy 2000 are, , is the back bone of the Indian, economy., , a) Agriculture, c) Services, , 3, , The new, a) 2000, c)1999, 4., , 5., , b) Industry, , agriculture policy was, , Which of the following is, a) growth with equity, , not an, , c) efficient use of resources, The National Agricultural, , agricultural growth rate during nineties was, , The first ever national, a) 28th July 2000, , b) less than 49%, d) none of these, , agricultural policy was announced in, , c)28th September 2000, 8., , b) Conserve soil and water, d) food security, b) 3%, d) 6%, , a) 4%, c)more than 4%, 7., , objective of National Agricultural Policy 2000., , policy aims to achieve agricultural growth rate, , c)4%, The average, , d) None of the above, announced in the year., , b) 2010, d) None of the above, , a) 2%, , 6., , b) Incentives for Agriculture, d) All of the above, , b) 28th June 2000, d) None of the above, , Which of the following is the limitation, of NAP 2000, a) Neglect small and marginal farmers, b) fails to cover all states, c)Both a and b, d) None of the above, , Ans.(1-d), (2 -a), (3-a), (4- d), (5-c), (6-b),, , (7 - a), (8-c)], , of

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ntional Agricultural Policy 2000o, , 55, , State whether the, , following statements are true or false:, National Agricultural policy aims to achieve 9%, growth rate, , in, , annum., , National Agricultural Policy aims, , to create, , The National, , employment in, , agricultural sector per, , rural, , areas., , Agricultural Policy 2000 aim to liberlised domestic agricultural market., National Population Policy provide insurance, policy to the farmers and crops., National Marketing Policy supply seeds to areas affected, by natural calamities., Rural electrification will be given high priority for, agricultural development., Rural credit institutions will be, risk management., , responsible, , to, , promote saving, , and investment and, , NAP 2000 suggest measure to set up agro-processing units in the producing areas to, , reduce wastage., NAP 2000 suggest measure to redistribute surplus land and waste land among land, , lords, big farmers and employed youth., LAD, , n 0 0 0 1a., , A, , H