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Exuberance, , Academy, A Wave for Excellence
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Unit - 1, , , , Nouns, , , , Structure, 1.0 Objectives, 1.1 Introduction, 1.2 Definition of Nouns, 1.3. Noun and Noun Phrase, 1.4 Kinds of Nouns, 1.4.1 Proper nouns, 1.4.2 Common nouns, 1.4.3 Collective nouns, 1.4.4 Material nouns, 1.4.5 Abstract nouns, 1.5 Nouns: Countability, 1.5.1 Coun table nouns, 1.5.2 Uncountable nouns, 1.6 Nouns: Gender, 1.6.1 Masculine and Feminine forms, 1.6.2 Common/dual gender, , 1.7 Conclusion, , 1.8 Unit End Questions
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1.0 Objectives, , , , This unit will give you a fairly good idea about the most common of the parts of, speech — Nouns. In Hindi you call them 4a, , 1.1 Introduction, , , , , , Nouns are naming words. Every language has its own set of nouns and the list is, open ended i.¢. newer nouns one added to the older ones with the changing times., , , , 1.2 Definition of Nouns, , , , A Nouns is the name of a person place or thing. A thing includes a quality (fear) a, material (gold), a collection (herd, army), a state (adherence) and an action (cheat,, mock, movement), , , , 1.3 Noun and Noun Phrase, , , , A noun is often called a’ noun phrase. A noun phrase can be a single-word noun:, Teachers love their pupils. (noun phrase: teacher), , But a noun phrase is usually longer than a single word because it consists of an, adjective or a determiner plus a noun., , A good teacher loves his pupils. (noun phrase: a good teacher), , 1.4 Kinds of Nouns, , Nouns can be classified into five kinds:, , , , , , i Proper nouns, , 2 Common nouns, 3 Collective nouns, 4. Material nouns, , 5 Abstract nouns
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1.4.1 Proper nouns, , A proper noun is the name of a particular person or thing, i.e. a name used for an, individual person or place, river, or mountain etc.:, , Mary, Rahul, Godavari, India, Everest, , 1.4.2 Common nouns, , A common noun refers to any and every person or thing of the same kind or class,, not to a particular person or thing:, , cow, dog, girl, boy, man, woman, , Common nouns Proper nouns, girl Latha, , dog Rover, , man Aslam, , 1.4.3 Collective nouns, , A collective noun is the name of a collection, group of people, or things of the, same kind: class, team, government jury, federation, , 1.4.4 Material nouns, , A material noun is the name of a material, substance, or ingredient things are made, of. They can be articles of food or drink as well:, , iron, copper, steel, gold, coal, silver, rice, wheat, milk, water, tea, sugar, , Note: A material noun is a type of common noun but a distinction is made between, the two. A common noun is usually a countable noun but a material noun is an, uncountable noun., , The cow gives us milk., , Cow is a common noun (countable), but milk is a material noun (uncountable)., 1.4.5 Abstract nouns, , An abstract noun is the name of a quality, state, or concept:, , beauty, sweetness, childhood, love
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Note: Concrete nouns are names of material things, i.e. things having a material, form, shape or size. Abstract nouns are the names of qualities found in various, kinds of objects. Since they have no material form, they cannot be scen or touched., We can know of them only through our mind:, , Concrete nouns Abstract nouns, sugar weetness, , book beauty, , milk hatred, , Patna fear, , We can see sugar but cannot sce sweetness, so sugar is a concrete noun and, sweetness an abstract noun. In short, concrete nouns refer to physical properties, and abstract nouns to mental ropertics., , , , 1.5 Nouns: Countability, , , , Nouns are of two kinds from the viewpoint of countability:, , a) Countable nouns b) Uncountable nouns, 1.5.1 Cou table nouns, , Nouns that can be counted are called countable nouns:, , a book one book two books, , an egg one egg two eggs, , Generally a noun used in answer to the question how many? is a countable noun:, How many films did you watch?, , | watched six films., , How many flights are there from here to Delhi?, , There are only two flights., , Note: Common nouns and collective nouns are by and large countable., , 1.5.2 Uncountable nouns, Nouns that cannot be counted are called uncountable nouns:, , 4
