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Topic, Human Excretory System, , 1. The process of excretion involves, (a) removal of useful substances from the body, (>) removal of metabolic waste from the body, {) removal of the substances which have never been used, by the body, (d) byproducts removal formed during useful activities in, the body, , 2. Animals accumulates waste like urea, uric acid,, CO}, H,O ions like Na*, K* Cl”, phosphate,, sulphate, etc., by, (a) metabolic activities — (b) excess ingestion, (c) excretion (d) Both (a) and (b), , 3. Order of toxicity among ammonia, urea and uric acid, (from lower to higher) is, (a) uric acid < urea < ammonia, (b) uric acid < ammonia < urea, (c) urea < uric acid < ammonia, (d) ammonia < urea < uric acid, , 4. Among ammonia, uric acid and urea; which one, needs the least amount of water to excrete?, (a) Ammonia (b) Uric acid, (c) Urea (d) Both (b) and (c), , 5. Among ammonia, uric acid and urea, which one is the, most soluble?, (a) Ammonia (b) Uric acid, (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Urea, , 6. Aquatic animals excrete ammonia. Which of the, following statements does not support this, statement?, , (a) Ammonia is easily soluble in water, , (b) Ammonia is released from the body in gaseous state, , (c) Ammonia is highly toxic and needs to be eliminated as, and when formed, , (d) Ammonia gets converted into less toxic form called, urea and uric acid, , 7. In ureotelic animals, ammonia produced by, , metabolism is converted into urea in, (a) kidney (b) liver, {c) spleen (d) lungs, , 8. Which of the following organism is/are ammonotelic?, , (a) Aquatic amphibians (b) Bony fishes, (c) Mammals (d) Both (a) and (b), , 9. Excretion of nitrogenous products in the semisolid, form is performed by, (a) ammonotelic organisms, (b) ureotelic organisms, (c) uricotelic organisms, (d) All of the above, , 10. Why terrestrial organism excrete lesser toxic, nitrogenous waste?, (a) For conservation of water, (>) For maintaing osmolarity, (c) To fucilitate simple diffusion, (d) It is easy to excrete less toxic substances, , WD, Wa csensense nitrogenous waste is excreted in the form, of nitrogenous pellet., {a) fishes (b) sponges, {c) reptiles (d) None of these, , 12. Flame cells or protonephridia are the excretory, structures in, (a) arthropods (b) platyhelminthes, (c) annelids (d) crustaceans, , 13. Malpighian tubules are the excretory structures of, {a) insects (b) mammals, (c) birds (d) reptiles, , 14. The excretory organ in crustaceans, like prawns is, (a) antennal glands (b) nephridia, {c) flame celts (d) Malpighian tubules, , 15. Part of the kidney through which the ureter, blood, vessels and nerves enters into it is, , (a) renal cortex (b) renal medulla, (c) hilum (d) urethra, 16. Inner to the hilum of the kidney, there is a broad, funnel-shaped space called, {a) renal pelvis (b) medulla, (c) cortex (d) adrenal gland, 17. Structural and functional unit of the kidney is, (a) medulla (b) nephridia, (c) nephron (d) hilum, , 18. The human kidney has about, (a) one million nephrons, (b) two million nephrons, (c) three million nephrons, (d) ten million nephrons

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27., , 31., , In majority of nephrons, the loop of Henle’s is found in, the, , (a) cortical region of the kidney, , (b) medullary region of the kidney, , te) Both (a) and (b), , (d) pelvis region of the kidney, , In cortical nephrons,, ta) loop of Henle is short, (b) loop of Henle is long, (ce) the PCT is very long, (a) the DCT is short, , In juxta-medullary nephrons,, (a) vasa recta is prominent, (b) loop of Henle is long, , (c) loop of Henle runs deep into the medulla, (d) All of the above, , . Choose the correct statement., , (a) The juxta-medullary nephrons have reduced Henle's loop, , (b) Vasa recta is well developed in cortical nephrone, , (ce) The PCT and DCT are situated in the medulla of the, kidney, , (d) The ascending limb of Henle’s loop extends as the DCT, , In the glomerulus of the nephron, the afferent arteriole is, (a) narrower than efferent arteriole, , (b) wider than efferent arteriole, , (c) of some diameter as efferent arteriole, , (d) of same diameter as vasa recta, , $2. Identify A-D in the follwing structure and choose, the correct option for A, B, C and D., A, , 8, Cc, , oO, , (a) A-Afferent arteriole, B-Efferent arteriole,, (C-Bowman’s capsule, D-Proximal convoluted tubule, , (b) A-Efferent arteriole, B-A fferent arteriole,, C-Bowman's capsule, D-DCT, , (c) A-Efferent arteriole, B-Efferent arteriole,, (C-Bowman's capsule, D-DCT, , (4) A-Efferent arteriole, B-Afferent arteriole,, (C-Bowman's capsule, D-DCT, , 33. The U-shaped minute vessel that runs parallel to the, , Henle's loop is, , (a) collecting duct (b) vasa recta, , (c) glomerulus (d) None of the above, , 4. Name the types of nephrons where vasa recta is, absent., (a) Medullary nephrons (b) Cortical nephrons, (c) Juxta-medullary nephrons (d) Both (a) and (b), , be, , Topic), , Urine Formation and Functions of Tubules, , 35. The correct order of processes that occur in urine, , formation., , {a) Glomerular filtration — Secretion —> Reabsorption, (b) Secretion + Glomerular filtration +> Reabsorption, (c) Glomerular filtration > Reabsorption — Secretion, (d) Secretion + Reabsorption > Glomerular filtration, , The amount of blood that is filtered by the kidneys per, minute is, (a) 500 ml. (b) 1100-1200 mL., (c) 125 mL (d) 1000 mL, . Number of layers involved in the filtration of blood in, glomerulus is, (a) 2 {b) 3 1 {d) 4, Podocytes are present on the, , (a) endothelial cells of the glomerulus, , {b) endothelial cells of the Bowman's capsule, {c) epithelium cells of the Bowman’s 1, {d) epithelium cells of the glomerulus, , 39. Ultrafiltrate generated by the glomerulus is having, all the constituent of the blood plasma except, , (a) protein (b) RBC (c) WBC (d) All of these, 40. GFR in a healthy individual is, , (a) 125 mL/min (b) 150 Liday, , (c) 125 mLisec (d) 135 Liday, , 41. JGA ( Juxta Glomerular Apparatus), a sensitive, region, which regulates the glomerular filtration, rate is present near the, (a) DCT and PCT, (b) DCT and efferent arteriole, (c) DCT and afferent arteriole, (d) Loop of Henle's and DTC, , 42. A fall in the GFR rate activates the, (a) JG cells to release renin, (b) JG cells to release aldosterone, (c) JG cells to release epinephrine, (4) JG cells to release nor-epinephrine

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Figure shows human urinary system with structures, 19 jabellled A-D. Select option, which correctly identifies, them and gives their characteristics and/of functions?, , (NEET 2013), , Kindney, , Uninary bladder, , , , (a) A-Adrenal gland-located at the anterior part of kidney,, Secrete catecholamines, which stimulate glycogen, breakdown, , (b) B-Pelvis-broad funnel shaped space inner to hilum,, directly connected to loops of Henle, , (c) C-Medulla-inner zone of kidney and contains complete, nephrons, , (a) D-Cortex-outer part of kidney and do not contain any, part of nephrons, , 20. Identify 4-D in the given structure and choose the, correct option accordingly., , , , (a) A-Calyx, B-Cortex, C-Renal column, D-Ureter, , (b) A-Calyx, B-Cortex, C-Renal column, D-Urethra, , {c) A-Urethra, B-Cortex, C-Renal column, D-Calyx, , (d) A-Urethra, B-Calyx, C-Renal column, D-Cortex, 21. The medullary pyramids projects into the, , (a) calyx (b) cortex, , {c) Renal pelvis (d) None of these, , 22. The cortical part that extends betwen medullary, pyramids as renal columns are called, (a) columns of renal (b) column of Martint, (ec) columns of Bertini (d) columns of kidney, , 23. Each nephron has two parts, which are, {a) Bowman's capsule and PCT, (b) Glomerulus and renal tubule, (c) Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, (d) Bowman's capsule and renal tubule, , 24. Glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries formed by ...4.... &, fine branch of renal artery. Blood from the, glomerulus is carried away by an ...B... , Select the correct option for A and 2., (a) vasa recta, Bowman’a capsule, , (b) vasa recta, afferent arteriole, , (c) afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, (d) None of the above, , 25. Malpighian body or renal corpuscle is/are, (a) Bowman's capsule (b) Glomerulus, (c) PCT (4) Both (a) and (b), , 26, Study the given structure and match 4, B, C, D, E, F, and G with correct option., , , , (a) A-Afferent arteriole, B-Proximal convoluted tubule,, C-Henle’s loop, D-Distal convoluted tubule,, E-Peritubular capaillaries, F— Collecting duct, G-Vasa, recta, , (b) A-Efferent arteriole, B-PCT, C-Henle's loop, D-DCT,, 5-Peritubular capillaries, F- Collecting duct, G-Vasa, recta, , (c) A-Afferent arteriole, B—Peritubular capillaries,, C-Henle's loop, D-DCT, E-PCT, F- Collecting duct,, G-Vasa recta ., , (d) A-Afferent arteriole, B—Henle’s loop, C— Collecti, , duct, D-PCT, E-DCT, F-Peritubular capillaries, "=, G-Vasa recta

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Topic BY, , Mechanism of the Concentrati, , 61. Vasa recta is minute vessel of Peritubular capillaries, network, which is, {a) also known as juxta-glomerular apparatus, (b) running parallel to loop of Henle, (¢) running parallel to PCT, (4) running parallel to DCT, , 62. The counter-current mechanism operates in nephron, {a) in ascending and descending limb of vasa recta, (b) in ascending limb of Henle’s loop, (ce) in descending limb of Henle’s loop, (d) between the loop of Henle and vasa recta, , 63. Osmolarity in the cortex and inner medulla, , respectively are, , (a) 300 m osmol L"', 1200 m osmal L!, , (b) 200 m osmol L’', 1300 m osmal L, , (c) 1200 m esmol L*', 300 m osmal L', , (d) None of the above, , Medullary gradient is mainly developed duc to, , (a) NaCl and urea, , (b) NaCl and glucose, , (c) Glucose and urea, , (d) Ammonia and glucose, , NaCl is transported by ascending limb of Henle's, , loop, which is exchanged with, , (a) DCT, , (b) PCT, , (c) ascending limb of vasa recta, (d) descending limb of vasa recta, , Topic, Regulation of Kidney Function, 70. Functioning of kidney is efficiently regulated by, , (a) ANF (b) JGA, , (c) lungs (d) Both (a) and (b), 71. Osmoregulation is the function of, , (a) oxytocin (b) ADH, , (c) prolactin (d) Both (a) and (b), , 72. The functioning of the kidneys is efficiently, monitored and regulated by the hormonal feedback, , mechanism involving, (a) hypothalamus, (c) heart, , (b) IGA, (d) All of these, , on of the Filtrate, , NaCl is returned to interstitium by, (a) ascending limb of Henle’s loop, (b) descending limb of Henle's loop, (c) ascending limb of vasa recta, (d) descending limb of vasa recta, ‘ounter-current mechanism helps to maintain a, cemstil gradient. This gradient help in, (a) easy passage of water from medulla to collecting tubule, and thereby concentrating urine, (b) easy passage of water from collecting tubule to, interstitial fluid and thereby ea urine, of water from medullary imerstitial fluig, " ee iecting hele and thereby diluting urine, ge of water between the, , d) inhibition of passa: ; ;, o collecting tubule and medulla and so isotonic urine, , is formed, |. The human urine is usually acidic because, (CBSE AIPMT 2615), sodium transporter exchanges one hydrogen ion for, each sodium ion in peritubular capillaries, (b) excreted plasma proteins are acidic, (c) potassium and sodium exchange generates acidity, {d) hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate, The renal fluid isotonic to the cortical fluid and blood, is found in, (a) collecting duct and ascending duct, (b) distal convoluted tubule and ascending limb, (c) the proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted, tubule, (d) the ascending limbs and descending limb, , 66., , 67., , (a) the, , 73. ee, (a) renal receptors, (b) osmoreceptors, (c) rectal receptors, (d) Both (a) and (b), , 74. Reabsorption of water from the latter part of tubule is, facilitated by, (a) Antidiuretic hormone, (b) vasopressin, (c) renin, (d) Both (a) and (b)

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48. How much percentage of the filtrate is reabsorbed in, the renal tubules?, , {a) 5% (by 25%, (ce) 90% fd) 99%, 44. Reabsorphon of the filtrate in the renal tubules kes, pluce, (a) actively {b) passively, , (c) by osmosis (6) Both (a) and (>), 45. Choose the false statement., , (a) Tubular cells secrets H', K*, ammonia to Ciltrace:, , {>} Tubular cells helps to maintain the acid base balance or, the body fluid, , (c) Tabular cells helps in ionic balance, , (d) Tubular secretion is nat Very important siep in urine, formation, , 46, Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) is lined by, , (a) cuboidal epithelium, , (bb squamous epithelium, , (cl columnar epithelium, , (d) stratified epithelium, , 47. Removal of proximal convoluted tubule from the, nephron will result in (ORSE AlPMT 2015), (a) more dilured urine, {b) more concentrated urine, {c) oo change in quality and qwantity urine, 1d) No urine formation, , 48. PCT helps in the maintenance of pH in the body fluid, by, , (a) selective secretion of H! ions, (0) selective secretion of ammonia, (©) stiective secretion of K* ions, {d) All of the above, , 49, Reahsorption is uinimum in which part of nephron’?, (a) PCT (by) DCT, {c) Collecting duct {(d) Loop of Henle, , 30, Henle’s loop of nephron plays a siguificant role in, maintaining 9 high osmolarity in, (a) intestitin) Quid of bilum, (b) medullary interstitial Quid, (c) cortex interstitial) fluid, (4) All of the above, , SL. ‘The pact of loop of Ienle’s that ix inypermeable ta, water, , (a) descending limb, (5) ascending limb, (©) mid section, , (4) Bots (a) and (b), , 52. Transport of electrolytes through loop of Henle takes, , place by ., (a) actively {(b} passively, (c) diffusion {d) Both (a) and (5), 53. An organism which don't have loop of Henle will, excrete, (a) bo urine (b) dilute urine, , (c) concentrated urine (d) no change in urine, , 54. Main function of Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT) of, nephron is to maintain the, {a) pH in blood, (>) Na-K balance of blood, (9) temperature of blood, (d) Both (a) and (bi, , 55. Collecting duct of nephron extends kidncy from, cortex to, () cupsule region, (b) inner part of medulla, (6) outer part of medulla, () midéle par: ot medulla, , 56, ‘The function of collecting duct is, (@) reabsorption of water (b} keep osunlarity, (©) maintain the pH (@) All of these, , The maximum amount ul electrolytes and water, (70-81%) from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in, which part of the nephron? (CBSE. AIPMT 2012), (@) Ascending timb of loop of Henle, (>) Dista) convoluted mbule, , (c) Proximal convoluted tubule, , (4) Descending limb of loop of Henle, 58. Choose the mismate!, function., , (a) Bowman's capsule Glomerular filtration, (b) PCT -Reabsorption of Naa and K", , (e) De 1-Renbsorption of glucose, , (d) Loop of Henlo—Uring conerntation, , 59. In mammal, which blood, largest amount of urca'?, , 57., , hed part of nephron with their, , vessel would Normally carry, , , , {NEET 2016), (a) Dorsal aners, (c) Hepatic portal vein, 80. The pat of hephron involved in active 1; ii F, ssa ve Leabserption of, , 7 (NEET 201, (a) distal convoluted wubule ”, , (b) proximal convoluted tubule, {¢) Bowman's capsule, , dy Gescending limb of Heake's loop