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Oceanography & Aptitude, Q1. Which of the following statements does not accurately describe beach features?, a) The berm divides the foreshore from the backshore., b) Bars and troughs are features seaward of the beach that change seasonally., c) The offshore zone includes the region from the lowest tide to the berm., d) The dry region of a beach is the backshore., Q2. The amount of time required for an estuary to undergo an exchange of water is, ____________ time., a) geologic, b) half-life, c) overturn, d) flushing, Q3. A sand ridge connecting the mainland with an island is a:, a) groin, b) tombolo, c) bar, d) spit, Q4. Which of the following is not generally a feature of a barrier island?, a) salt marsh, b) lagoon, c) delta, d) dunes, e) beach, Q5. All estuaries are ultimately formed from:, a) glaciers, b) long-shore transport, c) tectonic activity, d) rising sea level, Q6. If you move from the head of an estuary to the mouth of an estuary and do not notice, any change in surface salinity, you are probably in which type of estuary?, a) partially mixed, b) highly stratified, c) vertically mixed, d) salt wedge, Q7. If you took a series of salinity measurements and found that salinity was constant at all, depths in a particular estuarine location, you are probably in which kind of estuary?, a) salt wedge, b) highly stratified, c) vertically mixed, d) partially mixed

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Q8. The tidal prism is:, a) the amount of salt that washes ashore and precipitates as tides recede, b) the amount of freshwater running into an estuary, c) the volume of seawater that enters an estuary in each tidal cycle, d) how much light gets refracted as it enters water, Q9. Groins:, a) often cause increased erosion "downstream" of the groin, b) trap sand normally moved by long-shore transport, c) are built along the base of cliffs to prevent erosion from undercutting the cliff face, d) are built parallel to shore to stop wave action, e) a & b both, Q10. A beach where backwash dominates swash will probably be very sandy., , a), b), c), d), , True, False, May be true, May be false, , Q11. Which of the following is (are) required by marine primary producers for growth?, a) sulphide, b) halide, c) nitrate, d) phosphate, e) c & d, Q12. At very high latitudes the major controlling factor for seasonal primary production is:, a) grazing, b) sunlight, c) nutrients, d) temperature, e) pressure, , Q13. The net primary production is equal to the gross primary production minus the:, a) production lost to decomposition., b) production that is broken down during plant respiration., c) Biomass, d) None of these, , Q14. Which of the following regions typically has the highest primary productivity per unit, surface area of the ocean?, a) the centers of ocean gyres, b) temperate zones, c) tropical waters, d) zones of upwelling

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Q15. Primary production in the oceans is mostly generated by:, a) sea grasses, b) invertebrates, c) fish, d) phytoplankton, , Q16. In temperate regions seasonal productivity shows a:, a), b), c), d), e), , large winter and summer blooms, small autumn bloom, large winter bloom, large spring bloom, Both b & d, , Q17. Tropical water is very clear and blue because, a) the locals dye it blue to attract tourists, b) the water is too warm to contain any nutrients, c) fish filter out the water to keep it clean, d) there is very little in the way of phytoplankton or nutrients in it, Q18. Which of the following are members of the phytoplankton?, a) fish larvae, b) coccolithophores, c) crustaceans, d) diatoms, e) Both b & d, Q19. The two most common ions in seawater are:, a) potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), b) sulphate (SO4 2- ), chloride (Cl- ), c) ammonium (NH 4+ ), bicarbonate (HCO3 - ), d) sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl- ), Q20. In a dissolved oxygen profile of the ocean, oxygen concentrations are highest:, a) in mid-water and near the bottom, b) in mid-waters only, c) at the surface and close to the bottom, d) at the surface and in mid-water, , Q21. The average ph, salinity of the world oceans, and the ion that plays a major role in, buffering the pH in the oceans are respectively:, a) 8.7, 35%, HCO3 b) 8.1, 3.5ppt, CO3 2c) 7.1, 3.5%, CO3 2d) 8.1, 35ppt, HCO3 -

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Q22. Which of the following processes would reduce salinity?, a) precipitation, b) runoff, c) ice melting, d) All are true, Q23. Which of the following statements is not correct?, a) It takes more heat to melt one gram of ice than it does to boil one gram of water to, water vapor, b) A change of state occurs when liquid water changes to ice or water vapor, c) Melting of ice requires enough heat energy to break the hydrogen bonds holding, water molecules in a crystal lattice, d) A calorie is the amount of heat needed to raise 1 gram of water by 1 degree C, Q24. Nutrient levels in the ocean are generally highest near the surface, and decline as you, get deeper., a) True, b) False, c) May be true, d) May be false, Q25. The density of pure water:, a) is greater than steel, which is why ships float., b) reaches its maximum at about 4°C., c) decreases with cooling., d) does not change with the addition of salt., Q26. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, most of it tends to take what form?, a) bicarbonate, b) carbon dioxide, c) carbonate, d) carbonic acid, Q27. Surface salinity is generally highest:, a) in sub-tropical regions, b) at the equator, c) near the poles, d) none of these, , Q28. Dissolved oxygen levels are highest in surface waters because of:, a) photosynthesis, b) respiration, c) exchange with the atmosphere, d) decomposition, e) Both a & c

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Q29. At low latitudes the limiting factor for primary production is:, a) sunlight, b) pressure, c) temperature, d) nutrients, Q30. The lift (upward force due to air) generated by the wings and engines of an aircraft is:, (a) positive (upwards) while landing and negative (downwards) while taking off., (b) negative (downwards) while landing and positive (upwards) while taking off, (c) negative (downwards) while landing as well as while taking off, (d) positive (upwards) while landing as well as while taking off, Q31. The curves of y = 2x 2 and y = 4x intersect each other at:, (a) only one point, (b) exactly two points, (c) more than two points, (d) no point at all, Q32. How much gold and copper (in g), respectively, are required to make a 120 g bar of 22, carat gold?, (a) 90 and 30, (b) 100 and 20, (c) 110 and 10, (d) 120 and 0, Q33. A librarian is arranging a thirteen-volume encyclopedia on the shelf from left to right in, the following order of volume numbers: 8,11,5,4,9,1,7,6,10,3,12,2 . In this pattern, where, should the volume 13 be placed?, (a) Leftmost, (b) Rightmost, (c) Between 10 and 3, (d) Between 9 and 1, Q34. The average staff salary of a company is Rs. 8000 / - . A new guard and a new manager, are recruited with salaries of Rs. 5000 / - and 20000 / - , respectively. What is the current staff, strength if the new average salary is Rs. 4000 / - more than that of the guard?, (a) 7, (b) 9, (c) 10, (d) 11, Q35. When Ramesh was at the age of 8 years, he hammered a nail into a large tree to mark, his height. If the tree grows 2 cm/year, how much higher would the nail be after 5 years?, (a) 5cm higher, (b) 0cm higher, (c) 10cmhigher, (d) 8cm higher