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Subject: Physical Pharmaceutics-I, Assignment No-2, Topic:-States of Matter, All questions are compulsory, 1) Explain how transition takes place between states of matter., 2) What do you understand from the terms sublimation and condensation?, 3) What is vapour pressure of liquid? Enlist and explain methods to determine it., 4) How boiling point of liquid is determined if molar heat of vaporization is known?, 5) Describe the terms critical temperature and critical pressure with reference to water., 6) Write the difference between a gas and a vapour., 7) Write note on characteristics of gaseous state., 8) What is ideal gas and real gas?, 9) What is gas law? Write statements of Boyles’s law, Charles law and Avogadro’s law., 10) Derive an equation of ideal gas law., 11) Express gas constant in three different energy units., 12) Which parameters of real gases differ from ideal gases?, 13) Discuss applications of ideal gas law., 14) What are aerosol and inhalers? Give some pharmaceutical examples of each of them., 15) What are liquid crystals? Classify them and write about its pharmaceutical applications., 16) Define the terms: (a) Matter, (b) Substance, (c) Element, (d) Latent heat of vaporization, (e) Latent heat of fusion (f) Boiling point, (g) Melting point, (h) Freezing point, (i) Isotropy, (j) Crystal lattice, (k) Anisotropy, (l) Crystalline solid (m) Amorphous solid., 17) Write note on Bravis lattice., 18) What are minimum numbers of atoms per unit cell of sodium chloride?, 19) Explain different elements of symmetry of cubic unit cell., 20) Give difference between: 1.Primitive unit cell and non-primitive unit cell., 2. Plane of symmetry and axes of symmetry., 21) Write characteristics of crystals., 22) What do you understand from the term glass transition temperature?, 23) Write about physical properties of amorphous solids., 24) Differentiate between melting and glass transition temperatures., 25) Describe in detail characterization of amorphous solids., 26) Write note on significance of amorphous state in pharmaceuticals., 27) Differentiate between crystalline and amorphous solids., 28) What do you mean by polymorph? Classify them and describe methods to identify, polymorphs., 29) Explain significance of polymorphism in pharmaceuticals with some examples., 30) Differentiate between solvates and polymorphs., 31) Write about physical properties of liquids., 32) What is liquid crystalline state? Write reasons for existence of the same., 33) What are liquid complexes? Discuss its applications in pharmacy.
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34) What are types of liquid crystals? Explain them., 35) Write pharmaceutical applications of liquid crystals., 36) Define the terms, i. (a) Additive property (b) Constitutive property, ii. (c) Colligative property (d) Refractive index, iii. (e) Molar refraction, (f) Optical activity, iv. (g) Specific rotation, (h) Dipole moment, v. (i) Dielectric constant, (j) Diamagnetic substance, 37) How dipole moment is helpful in elucidation of molecular structure?, 38) Explain the terms specific and molar refractivity., 39) Explain polarimetric measurements., 40) Write note on, (a) Molar refraction, (b) Refractive index, (c) Dipole moment, (d) Optical rotation, (e) Polarimeter, (f) Refractometer, 41) Explain the statement “Refractive index decreases with rise in temperature.”, 42) What do you mean by the terms - plain polarized light, optically active substance, angle, of rotation and molar rotation?, 43) Enlist and explain factors on which magnitude of rotation depends for optically active, substance., 44) What is difference between polar and non-polar molecule? How the dipole moment of, the molecule can be determined?, 45) Draw well labeled diagrams of polarimeter and Refractometer., 46) Write applications of following properties in pharmaceutical field., (a) Refractivity (b) Optical activity, (c) Dipole moment, (d) Dielectric constant, (e) Dissociation constant, , Prof. M.W.Babhulkar, Dept. of Pharmaceutics, Dr.Rajendra Gode College of Pharmacy, Malkapur
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