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Content, ➢ Term II Syllabus for Board, , 5, , Examination – 2021-22, ➢ List of map items for term II, , 8, , ➢ Assessment strategy, , 10, , ➢ Evaluation Scheme, , 13, , ➢ Design of the Question Paper 13, ➢ Course content, , 15, , ➢ CBSE Sample Question Paper 180, 194, , Page, , 4, , ➢ Sample Question Papers, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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Page, , 5, , Term II Syllabus for Board Examination – 2021-22, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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6, Page, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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7, Page, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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Page, , 8, , LIST OF MAP ITEMS CLASS X (2021-22) TERM –2, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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9, Page, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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Special Scheme of Assessment for Board Examination Classes X for, the Session 2021-22, A. Academic session to be divided into 2 Terms with approximately 50% syllabus, in each term:, The syllabus for the Academic session 2021-22 will be divided into 2 terms by, following a systematic approach by looking into the interconnectivity of, concepts and topics by the Subject Experts and the Board will conduct, examinations at the end of each term on the basis of the bifurcated syllabus., This is done to increase the probability of having a Board conducted classes X, and XII examinations at the end of the academic session, B. The syllabus for the Board examination 2021-22 will be rationalized similar to, that of the last academic session to be notified in July 2021. For academic, transactions, however, schools will follow the curriculum and syllabus released, by the Board vide Circular no. F.1001/CBSEAcad/Curriculum/2021 dated 31, March 2021. Schools will also use alternative academic calendar and inputs from, the NCERT on transacting the curriculum., C. Efforts will be made to make Internal Assessment/ Practical/ Project work, more credible and valid as per the guidelines and Moderation Policy to be, announced by the Board to ensure fair distribution of marks., 3. Details of Curriculum Transaction, • Schools will continue teaching in distance mode till the authorities permit in, person mode of teaching in schools., • Classes IX-X: Internal Assessment (throughout the year-irrespective of Term I, and II) would include the 3 periodic tests, student enrichment, portfolio and, practical work/ speaking listening activities/ project., , • CBSE will facilitate schools to upload marks of Internal Assessment on the CBSE, IT platform., STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , • Schools would create a student profile for all assessment undertaken over the, year and retain the evidences in digital format., , 10, , • Classes XI-XII: Internal Assessment (throughout the year-irrespective of Term, I and II) would include end of topic or unit tests/ exploratory activities/, practicals/ projects.
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• Guidelines for Internal Assessment for all subjects will also be released along, with the rationalized term wise divided syllabus for the session 2021-22. The, Board would also provide additional resources like sample assessments,, question banks, teacher training etc. for more reliable and valid internal, assessments., 4. Term I Examinations:, • At the end of the first term, the Board will organize Term I Examination in a, flexible schedule to be conducted between November-December 2021 with a, window period of 4-8 weeks for schools situated in different parts of country, and abroad. Dates for conduct of examinations will be notified subsequently., • The Question Paper will have Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) including casebased MCQs and MCQs on assertion-reasoning type. Duration of test will be 90, minutes and it will cover only the rationalized syllabus of Term I only (i.e. approx., 50% of the entire syllabus)., • Question Papers will be sent by the CBSE to schools along with marking, scheme., • The exams will be conducted under the supervision of the External Center, Superintendents and Observers appointed by CBSE., • The responses of students will be captured on OMR sheets which, after, scanning may be directly uploaded at CBSE portal or alternatively may be, evaluated and marks obtained will be uploaded by the school on the very same, day. The final direction in this regard will be conveyed to schools by the, Examination Unit of the Board., • Marks of the Term I Examination will contribute to the final overall score of, students., 5. Term II Examination/ Year-end Examination:, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , • This examination would be held around March-April 2022 at the examination, centres fixed by the Board., , 11, , • At the end of the second term, the Board would organize Term II or Yearend, Examination based on the rationalized syllabus of Term II only (i.e., approximately 50% of the entire syllabus).
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• The paper will be of 2 hours duration and have questions of different formats, (case-based/ situation based, open ended- short answer/ long answer type)., • In case the situation is not conducive for normal descriptive examination a 90, minute MCQ based exam will be conducted at the end of the Term II also., • Marks of the Term II Examination would contribute to the final overall score., 6. Assessment / Examination as per different situations, A. In case the situation of the pandemic improves and students are able to come, to schools or centres for taking the exams. Board would conduct Term I and, Term II examinations at schools/centres and the theory marks will be distributed, equally between the two exams., B. In case the situation of the pandemic forces complete closure of schools, during November-December 2021, but Term II exams are held at schools or, centres. Term I MCQ based examination would be done by students, online/offline from home - in this case, the weightage of this exam for the final, score would be reduced, and weightage of Term II exams will be increased for, declaration of final result., C. In case the situation of the pandemic forces complete closure of schools, during March-April 2022, but Term I exams are held at schools or centres., Results would be based on the performance of students on Term I MCQ based, examination and internal assessments. The weightage of marks of Term I, examination conducted by the Board will be increased to provide year end, results of candidates., D. In case the situation of the pandemic forces complete closure of schools and, Board conducted Term I and II exams are taken by the candidates from home in, the session 2021-22. Results would be computed on the basis of the Internal, Assessment/Practical/Project Work and Theory marks of Term-I and II exams, taken by the candidate from home in Class X / XII subject to the moderation or, other measures to ensure validity and reliability of the assessment., , Page, , 12, , In all the above cases, data analysis of marks of students will be undertaken to, ensure the integrity of internal assessments and home based exams., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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EVALUATION SCHEME, THEORY, Term 2, , Units, I, , Marks, , India and the Contemporary World - II, , -, , II, Contemporary India - II, III, Democratic Politics - II, IV, Economics, Total, Internal Assessment, Total, , 40, 10, 50, , Design of the Question Paper, SECTION, , Q.No., , Type of Questions, , Mark, , Word Limit, , A, , 1 to 5, , Very Short Answer, , 2x5=10, , Maximum 40, , B, , 6 to 8, , Short Answer, , 3x3=9, , Maximum 80, , C, , 9 to 10, , Long Answer, , 5x2=10, , Maximum 120, , D, , 11 to 12, , Case Based Questions, , 2x4=8, , -, , E, , 13, , Map, , 2x1=2(Geography), 1x1=1(History), 40 Marks, , Page, , 13, , Total, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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General Instructions Given by CBSE:, i. This Question paper is divided into five sections-Section A, B, C, D and E., ii. All questions are compulsory., iii. Section-A: Question no. 1 to 5 are very short answer type questions of 2, marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words., iv. Section-B: Question no. 6 to 8 are short answer type questions, carrying, 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words., v. Section-C: Question no. 9 and 10 are long answer type questions,, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120, words., vi. Section-D: Question no. 11 and 12 are Case Based questions., vii. Section-E: Question no. 13 is map based, carrying 3 marks with two parts,, 13.1 from History (1 mark) and 13.2 from Geography (2 marks)., viii. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal, choice has been provided in a few questions. Only one of the choices in, such questions have to be attempted., ix. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and, question, wherever necessary., , Page, , 14, , Note: MCQs, Match the following, Assertion and Reason questions are, included with the aim of enhancing comprehension of the concepts even if, such types are not included in the CBSE sample paper Term II-2022. It will be, useful if MCQ based examination is conducted due to unfavourable, conditions as stated by CBSE. So the teachers may guide the students in this, matter., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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15, Page, , India and the Contemporary, world - II, STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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Nationalism in India, , NATIONALISM IN INDIA, , First World War – (1914-1918), Social, Economic, Political Impact on India, Satyagraha, Champaran -1917, Kheda – 1917, Ahmedabad – 1918, , Rowlatt Act – 1919, Jallianwalabagh Massacre - 1919, , Nationalism in, India, , Hind Swaraj, Non co-operation and Khilafat 1921, Chauri Chaura - 1922, , Swaraj Party - 1923, C R Das and Motilal Nehru, , Simon Commission – 1928, Lahore Congress - 1929, , Sense of collective belonging, , NATIONALISM IN INDIA, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 16, , Gandhi – Irwin Pact – 1931, Poona Pact - 1932
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Image of, Bharath, Matha, National, anthem and, National song, , United, struggle, against British, , Sense of, collective, belonging, Re, interpretation, of History, , National Flag, , Page, , 17, , Folk Lore, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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•, , •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, , Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of Satyagraha – The power of Truth &, the need to search fortruth –Mental strength is more powerful than, physical force to win the heart of the oppressor.Novel idea of Satyagraha, was first time implemented in South Africa., In India the first was at Champaran in 1917– to inspire plantation, workers to struggle against oppressive plantation system. In 1917, Satyagraha at Kheda -to support peasants .In 1918 Satyagraha at, Ahmedabad-Among the cotton mill workers., “Hind Swaraj‟- the famous book written by Mahatma Gandhi, which, emphasised non-cooperation to British rule in India, The First World War, Khilafat and Non Cooperation, On 13th April 1919 Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre – Amritsar in Punjab, The First World War - its effects., Huge increases in defenses expenditure. Custom duties were raised;, Income tax was introduced. There was forced recruitments in rural, areas, spread of epidemics, The Rowlatt Act of 1919: It gave the British government enormous, power to represspolitical activities and allowed detention of political, prisoners without trial for two years., Non-cooperation programme was adopted at Nagpur in Dec.1920., The peasant movement in Awadh demanded reduction of revenue,, abolition of beggarBaba Ramachandra., Inland Emigration Act of 1859: Under this act plantation workers were, not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission., Alluri Sitaram Raju led the tribal revolt of Guden Hills of Andhra, Pradesh, Khilafat agitation – led by Muhammad Ali & Shaukat Ali., Chauri Chaura incident –Violence –withdrawal of Non-Cooperation, movement-1922, Swaraj Party was founded by C.R. Das and Moti Lal Nehru for return to, council Politics., Simon Commission 1928 and boycott., Lahore Congress session and demand for Purna Swaraj in 1929., Dandi march and the beginning of civil Disobedience movement, Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike, and it was, one of the mostessential items of food- salt considered a more effective, weapon for protest against Britishers., Government ‘s repressive policy - Gandhi Irwin Pact and failure of, round table conferenceRe-launching of movement., Who participated in the movement?, The rich peasant communities, business class and women took active, part in the movement., Limits of the movement-less participation by untouchables –, Ambedkar for separate electorate and Poona pact of 1932, luke warm, response by some Muslim Political Organization, , Page, , •, , 18, , Key Concepts of the lesson:, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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•, •, , Provisions of Poona pact of 1932 – Signed between Dr.Ambedkar &, Gandhiji- It gave depressed classes reserved seats in central provincial, councils but they were to be voted by the general electorate., The sense of collective belonging- This sense of collective belonging, came partly through the experience of united struggles role of folklore, and songs- the image of Bharath Mata- Nationalism through icons or, symbols of representation of History. The first image was created by, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay & painted by Abanindranath Tagore., , MCQ, 1.Who was the writer of the book ‘Hind Swaraj’?, (a) Rabindranath Tagore, (b) B.R. Ambedkar, (c) Mahatma Gandhi, (d) Jawahar Lai Nehru, 2. Khilafat Committee was formed in 1919 in the city of, (a) Bombay, (b) Calcutta, (c) Lucknow, (d) Amritsar, 3. The Non-cooperation Khilafat Movement began in, (a) January 1921, (b) February 1922, (c) December 1929, (d) April 1919, 4. Which of the following was the reason for calling off the Noncooperation Movement by Gandhiji?, (a) Pressure from the British Government, (b) Second Round Table Conference, (c) Gandhiji’s arrest, (d) Chauri-Chaura incident, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 6. Who set up the ‘Oudh Kisan Sabha’?, (a) Alluri Sitaram Raju, (b) Jawahar Lai Nehru and Baba Ramchandra, , 19, , 5. Baba Ramchandra, a sanyasi, was the leader of which of the, following movements?, (a) Khilafat Movement, (b) Militant Guerrilla Movement of Andhra Pradesh, (c) Peasants’ Movement of Awadh, (d) Plantation Workers’ Movement in Assam
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(c) Jawaharlal Nehru and Shaukat Ali, (d) Mahatma Gandhi, 7. Under the presidency of Jawahahar Lai Nehru, the Lahore Congress, Session of 1929 formalised the demand of, (a) abolition of Salt Tax, (b) ‘Puma Swaraj’ or complete independence, (c) boycott of Simon Commission, (d) separate electorate for ‘dalits’, 8. The ‘Simon Commission’ was boycotted because, (a) there was no British Member in the Commission., (b) it demanded separate electorates for Hindus and Muslims., (c) there was no Indian Member in the Commission., (d) it favoured the Muslims over the Hindus., 9. A form of demonstration used in the Non-cooperation Movement in, which people block the entrance to a shop, factory or office is, (a) Boycott, (b) Begar, (c) Picketing, (d) Bandh, 10. Who formed the ‘Swaraj Party’ within the Congress?, (a) Jawahar Lai Nehru and Motilal Nehru, (b) Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Mahatma Gandhi, (c) Jawahar Lal Nehru and Subhas Chandra Bose, (d) C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 12. Which party did not boycott the Council elections held in the, year 1921?, (a) Swaraj Party, (b) Justice Party, (c) Muslim League, (d) Congress Party, 13. What do you mean by the term ‘Begar’?, (a) An Act to prevent plantation workers to leave the tea gardens without, permission., (b) The forced recruitment of soldiers in rural areas during World War I., (c) Labour that villagers were forced to contribute without any payment., , 20, , 11. Who founded the ‘Depressed Classes Association’ in 1930?, (a) Alluri Sitaram Raju, (b) C.R. Das, (c) M.R. Jayakar, (d) Dr B.R. Ambedkar
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(d) Refusal to deal and associate with people, or participate in activities as, a form of protest., 14. Where did Mahatma Gandhi start his famous ‘Salt March’ on 12th, March 1930?, (a) Dandi, (b) Chauri-Chaura, (c) Sabarmati, (d) Surat, 15. Which industrialist attacked colonial control over Indian economy, and supported the Civil Disobedience Movement?, (a) Dinshaw Petit, (b) Purshottamdas Thakurdas, (c) Dwarkanath Tagore, (d) Seth Hukumchand, , 16. Who visualised and depicted the image of ‘Bharat Mata’ through a, painting?, (a) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, (b) Rabindranath Tagore, (c) Natesa Sastri, (d) Abanindranath Tagore, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 18. What does satyagraha mean? Choose one from the following, options., (a) ‘Satyagraha’ means use of physical force to inflict pain while fighting., (b) ‘Satyagraha’ does not inflict pain, it is a non-violent method of fighting, against oppression., (c) ‘Satyagraha’ means passive resistance and is a weapon of the weak., (d) ‘Satyagraha’ was a racist method of mass agitation., 19. What was the purpose of imposing the Rowlatt Act?, (a) The Rowlatt Act forbade the Indians to qualify for administrative, services., (b) The Rowlatt Act had denied Indians the right to political participation., (c) The Rowlatt Act imposed additional taxes on Indians who were already, groaning under the burden of taxes., , 21, , 17. Which of the following was Mahatma Gandhi’s novel method of, fighting against the British?, (a) He used violent method of stone pelting., (b) He used arson to bum down government offices., (c) He fought with the principle of ‘an eye for i an eye’., (d) He practised open defiance of law, peaceful demonstration, satyagraha, and non-violence.
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(d) The Rowlatt Act authorised the government to imprison any person, without trial and conviction in a court of law., 20. Where did the brutal ‘Jallianwala Massacre’ take place?, (a) Amritsar, (b) Meerut, (c) Lahore, (d) Lucknow, 21. Why did General Dyer order to open fire on a peaceful, demonstration at Jallianwala Bagh? Choose from the given options., (a) He wanted to show his power., (b) Firing was ordered because it was an unruly crowd., (c) Because his object, as he declared later, was to ‘produce a moral effect’, to create fear in the minds of ‘satyagrahis’., (d) He ordered to fire because he noticed a sudden unrest in the crowd., 22. Why did Gandhiji organise Satyagraha in 1917 in Kheda district of, Gujarat?, (a) To support the plantation workers, (b) To protest against high revenue demand, (c) To support the mill workers to fulfil their demand, (d) To demand loans for the farmers, 23. Why was Satyagraha organised in Champaran ?, (a) To oppose the British laws, (b) To oppose the plantation system, (c) To support indigo cultivators, (d) To protest against the oppression of the mill workers, 24. Why was the Simon Commission sent to India?, (a) To look into the Indian constitutional matter and suggest reform, (b) To choose members of Indian Council, (c) To settle disputes between the government and the Congress leaders, (d) To set up a government organisation, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 26. What kind of movement was launched by the tribal peasants of, Gudem Hills in Andhra Pradesh?, (a) Satyagraha Movement, (b) Militant Guerrilla Movement, (c) Non-Violent Movement, , 22, , 25. Why was Alluri Sitarama Raju well known?, (a) He led the militant movement of tribal peasants in Andhra Pradesh., (b) He led a peasant movement in Avadh., (c) He led a satyagraha movement in Bardoli., (d) He set up an organisation for the upliftment of the dalits.
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(d) None of the above, 27. Who among the following two leaders led the Khilafat Movement?, (a) Shaukat Ali and Muhammad Ali, (b) Gandhiji and Sardar Patel, (c) Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Abul Kalam Azad, (d) Abul Kalam Azad and Jawaharlal Nehru, 28. Why did Gandhiji withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement?, (a) Gandhiji realised that people were losing interest in the movement., (b) Gandhiji felt that the movement was turning violent in many places., (c) Some Congress leaders wanted to participate in elections to Provincial, Councils., (d) Some Congress leaders wanted more radical mass agitations., 29. Who were the ‘Sanatanis’?, (a) Saints, (b) Dalits, (c) Labours, (d) High-caste Hindus, 30. Due to the effect of the Non-Cooperation movement on the, plantation workers in Assam, they:, (a) left the plantations and headed home., (b) went on strike., (c) destroyed the plantations., (d) None of these, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 33.The Non-cooperation Movement began on which one of the following, dates?, (a) January 1921, (b) November 1921, (c) December 1921, (d) May 1921, , 23, , 31. Which one of the following Viceroys announced a vague offer of, dominion status for India in October 1929?, (a) Lord Mount batten, (b) Lord Dalhousie, (c) Lord Irwin, (d) None of these, 32. Who founded the ‘Depressed Classes Association’ in 1930?, (a) Alluri Sitaram Raju, (b) C.R. Das, (c) M.R. Jayakar, (d) Dr B.R. Ambedkar
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34. In which of the following places Mahatma Gandhi organised, satyagraha for the first time in India?, (a) Dandi, (b) Ahmedabad, (c) Kheda, (d) Champaran, 35.In which of the following Indian National Congress sessions was the, demand of‘Purna Swaraj’ formalised in December 1929?, (a) Madras Session, (b) Lahore Session, (c) Calcutta Session, (d) Nagpur Session, 36. When did the Jallianwalla Bagh incident take place?, (a) On 13 April 1919, (b) On 15 August 1919, (c) On 27 October 1919, (d) On 10 March 1919, , 1.Match the columns. Find out the correct option, Colum A, i.Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, ii. B R Ambedkar, , COLUMN B, (a) Depressed Classes Association, (b) Famous image of Bharat Mata, , iii.Abanindranath Tagore, iv.Natesa Sastri, , c) The Folklore of South India, (d) Vande Mataram, , a) 1(d),2(a),3(b),4(c), b) 1(c ),2(b),3(d),4(a), c) 1(a),2(d),3(c),4(b), d) 1(c),2(d),3(a),4(b)), , COLUMN B, (a) December 1929, (b) September 1932, , iii.Poona pact, iv.Nagpur session of congress, , c) December 1920, (d) January1921, , a) 1(d),2(a),3(b),4(c), b) 1(c ),2(b),3(d),4(a), , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , Colum A, i.Non-cooperation movement, ii. Lahore session of Congress, , 24, , 2 Match the columns. Find out the correct option
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c) 1(a),2(d),3(c),4(b), d) 1(c),2(d),3(a),4(b)), Assertion Reason questions, Directions : In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is, followed by a statement of Reason (R)., Mark the correct choice as:, (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A., (B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A., (C) A is true but R is false., (D) A is false and R is true, 1.Assertion Gandhiji's idea of 'Satyagraha' emphasised the power of truth and, the need to search for truth., Reason Gandhiji believed that a Satyagrahi could win the battle by appealing to, the conscience of the oppressor., (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A., (B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A., (C) A is true but R is false., (D) A is false and R is true, Q.2. Assertion (A): Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points and opened, fire, on, the, crowd,, killing, hundreds., Reason (R): His object, as he declared later, was to ‘produce a moral effect’,, to create in the minds of satyagrahis a feeling of terror and awe., (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A., (B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A., (C) A is true but R is false., (D) A is false and R is true, 3. Assertion (A): It was declared that 26th January, 1930 would be celebrated as, the Independence Day when people were to take a pledge to struggle for Complete, Independence., Reason (R): Mahatma Gandhi had to find a way to relate his abstract idea of freedom, to more concrete issues of everyday life., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 4. Assertion (A): Mahatma Gandhi decided to take up the Khilafat issue., Reason (R): He wanted to bring the Muslims into the folder of nationalist, movement, , 25, , (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A., (B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A., (C) A is true but R is false., (D) A is false and R is true
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(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A., (B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A., (C) A is true but R is false., (D) A is false and R is true, 5. Assertion (A): Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch Civil Disobedience, Movement by violating Salt Law., Reason (R): Salt was used by the poor people., (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A., (B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A., (C) A is true but R is false., (D) A is false and R is true, 6. Assertion (A): Folklores gave a picture of traditional culture, it helps in, discovering a national identity and restoring a sense of pride in one’s past., Reason (R): Nationalism spreads when people discover some unity that binds, them together, (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A., (B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A., (C) A is true but R is false., (D) A is false and R is true, Source Based Questions, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , In the countryside, rich peasant communities – like the Patidars of Gujarat, and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh – were active in the movement. Being producers, of commercial crops, they were very hard hit by the trade depression and, falling prices. As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible to, pay the government’s revenue demand. And the refusal of the government to, reduce the revenue demand led to widespread resentment. These rich, peasants became enthusiastic supporters of the Civil Disobedience, Movement, organising their communities, and at times forcing reluctant, members, to participate in the boycott programmes. For them the fight for, swaraj was a struggle against high revenues. But they were deeply, disappointed when the movement was called off in 1931 without, the revenue rates being revised. So when the movement was restarted in, 1932, many of them refused to participate., The poorer peasantry were not just interested in the lowering of the revenue, demand. Many of them were small tenants cultivating land they had rented, from landlords. As the Depression continued and cash incomes dwindled, the, small tenants found it difficult to pay their rent. They wanted the unpaid rent, to the landlord to be remitted. They joined a variety of radical movements,, often led by Socialists and Communists. Apprehensive of raising issues that, might upset the rich peasants and landlords, the Congress was unwilling to, support ‘no rent’ campaigns in most places. So the relationship between the, poor peasants and the Congress remained uncertain, , 26, , 1.Read the following passage and answer the following questions
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1.a. Patidars and Jats are rich Peasants of which State?, , (A) Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh, (B) Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh, (C) Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan, (D) Punjab and Haryana, 1.b. What was the main demand of poor peasants?, (A) remitting of unpaid rent to land lord, (B) Reduction of land revenue, (C) Complete independence, (D) None of the above, 1.c. Among the following groups which group actively participated in, the Civil Disobedience Movement?, (A) Poor Peasants, (B) Muslims, (C) Dalits, (D) Rich Peasants, 1.d. Which among the following groups joined in radical movements led, by socialist and Communists?, A) Poor Peasants, B) Industrialists, C) Rich farmers, (D) Dalits, 2.Read the following passage and answer the following questions, ‘It is said of “passive resistance” that it is the weapon of the weak, but the, power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This, power is not passive resistance; indeed it calls for intense activity. The, movement in South Africa was not passive but active …, , ‘It is certain that India cannot rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The, British worship the war-god and they can all of them become, as they are, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , ‘Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That, is why this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge., In it burns the flame of love. … Nonviolence is the supreme dharma, , 27, , Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagraha does not inflict pain on the, adversary; he does not seek hi destruction … In the use of satyagraha, there, is no ill-will whatever.
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becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India can never carry, arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their, own ...’, 2.a. Whose words are given above?, (A) Jawaharlal Nehru, (B) Ambedkar, (C) C R Das, (D) Gandhiji, 2. b. Satyagraha is a passive resistance of weak., (A) True, (B)False, 2.c. satyagraha is based on, (A) Truth, (B) Non violence, (C) Both 1 and 2, (D) None of the above, 2.d. Satyagraha is based on ---------A) Violence, B) Non violence, 3.Read the following passage and answer the following questions, , 3.a. On which date Gandhiji called for a nationwide hartal againt, Rowlatt Act?, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , Rallies were organised in various cities, workers went on strike in railway, workshops, and shops closed down. Alarmed by the popular upsurge, and, scared that lines of communication such as the railways and telegraph would, be disrupted, the British administration decided to clamp down on, nationalists. Local leaders were picked up from Amritsar, and Mahatma, Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi. On 10 April, the police in Amritsar, fired upon a peaceful procession, , 28, , Emboldened with this success, Gandhiji in 1919 decided to launch a, nationwide satyagraha against the proposed Rowlatt Act (1919). This Act had, been hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite the, united opposition of the Indian members. It gave the government enormous, powers to repress political activities, and allowed detention of political, prisoners without trial for two years. Mahatma Gandhi wanted non-violent, civil disobedience against such unjust laws, which would start with a hartal, on 6 April.
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(A) 20 January 1919, (B) 6 April 1919, (C) 13 April 1919, (D) 10April 1919, 3.b. Rowlatt Act aimed to strengthen nationalist movement in India, (A) Yes, (B) No, 3.c. Rowlatt Act was passed in, (A) 1919, (B) 1920, (C) 1915, (D) 1916, 3.d. On 16 April which of the following events took place in India?, (A) Hartals, (B) Strikes in railway work shop, (C) both A and B, (D) None of the above, 4.Read the following passage and answer the following questions, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , They began organising themselves, demanding reserved seats in educational, institutions, and a separate electorate that would choose dalit members for, legislative councils. Political empowerment, they believed, would resolve the, problems of their social disabilities. Dalit participation in the Civil, Disobedience Movement was therefore limited, particularly in the, Maharashtra and Nagpur region where their organisation was quite strong., Dr B.R. Ambedkar, who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes, Association in 1930, clashed with Mahatma Gandhi at the second Round, Table Conference by demanding separate electorates for dalits., , 29, , Not all social groups were moved by the abstract concept of swaraj. One such, group was the nation’s ‘untouchables’, who from around the 1930s had begun, to call themselves dalit or oppressed. For long the Congress had ignored the, dalits, for fear of offending the sanatanis, the conservative high-caste Hindus., But Mahatma Gandhi that swaraj would not come for a hundred years if, untouchability was not eliminated. He called the ‘untouchables’ harijan,or the, children of God, organised satyagraha to secure them entry into temples, and, access to public wells, tanks, roads and schools. He himself cleaned toilets to, dignify the work of the bhangi (the sweepers), and persuaded upper castes to, change their heart and give up ‘the sin of untouchability’. But many dalit, leaders were keen on a different political solution to the problems of the, community.
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4.a._________________ called untouchables as harijans., A), B), C), D), , Jawaharlal Nehru, Gandhiji, B R Ambedkar, None of the above, , 4.b. Who was the founder of Depressed class association?, A) Jawaharlal Nehru, B) Gandhiji, C) B R Ambedkar, D) None of the above, 4.c. Gandhiji and Ambedkar clashed over the question of Separate, electorate in the ___________, A) First Round Table Conference, B) Second Round Table Conference, C) Third Round Table Conference, D) Fourth Round Table Conference, 4.d. Which among the following statement is wrong?, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , The identity of the nation, as you know is most often symbolised in a figure, or image. This helps create an image with which people can identify the, nation. It was in the twentieth century, with the growth of nationalism, that, the identity of India came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat, Mata. The image was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In the, 1870s he wrote ‘Vande Mataram’ as a hymn to the motherland. Later it was, included in his novel Anandamath and widely sung during the Swadeshi, movement in Bengal. Moved by the Swadeshi movement, Abanindranath, Tagore painted his famous image of Bharat Mata In this painting Bharat Mata, is portrayed as an ascetic figure; she is calm, composed, divine and spiritual., In subsequent years, the image of Bharat Mata acquired many different forms,, as it circulated in popular prints, and was painted by different artists Devotion, to this mother figure came to be seen as evidence of one’s nationalism., Ideas of nationalism also developed through a movement to revive, Indian folklore. In late-nineteenth-century India, nationalists began recording, folk tales sung by bards and they toured villages to gather folk songs and, legends. These tales, they believed, gave a true picture of traditional culture, that had been corrupted and damaged by outside forces. It was essential to, preserve this folk tradition in order to discover one’s national identity and, restore a sense of pride in one’s past. In Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore himself, began collecting ballads, nursery rhymes and myths, and led the movement, for folk revival. In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a massive four-volume, , 30, , A) Gandhiji organised satyagraha to secure the harijans the right to, enter temples, B) Gandhinji cleaned the toilets to dignify the work of bhangis, C) Congress supported the demands of untouchables., D) Ambedkar demanded for separate electorate for dalits, 5. Read the following passage and answer the following questions
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collection of Tamil folk tales, The Folklore of Southern India. He believed that, folklore was national literature; it was ‘the most trustworthy manifestation of, people’s real thoughts and characteristics’., 5.a. The image of Bharat mata was first portrayed by, A), B), C), D), , Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Abindranath Tagore, Rabindranath Tagore, Jawaharlal Nehru, , 5.b. Who published the book “ The folklore of South India”, A) Natesa Sastri, B) Abindranath Tagore, C) Rabindranath Tagore, D) Jawaharlal Nehru, 5.c. Among the following personalities who believed that folklore was, national literature; it was ‘the most trustworthy manifestation of, people’s real thoughts and characteristics’., A), B), C), D), , Natesa Sastri, Abindranath Tagore, Rabindranath Tagore, Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, , 5.d. Culture played and important role in spreading the idea of, National sentiments among the people of India, A) False, B) True, PICTURE BASED QUESTIONS, , Page, , 31, , 1.Who portrayed this image of Bharat mata?, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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A.Gandhiji, B.Abindranath Tagore, C.Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, D.Jawaharlal Nehru, , 2. Study the picture and identify on which year this procession took, place, , A.1919, B.1915, C.1916, D.1911, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , A.Non Co operation Movement, B.Civil Disobedience Movement, C.Jallianwalabagh Massacre, D.Kheda satyagraha, , 32, , 3. Which of the following event is related to this Image
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A. B R Ambedkar, B. C R Das, C. Subhash Chandra Bose, D. Jawaharlal Nehru, , VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 MARKS), , Page, , 34, , 1. What was the Rowlatt Act?, 2. Why was the Khilafat movement started?, 3. What was the main reason to withdraw the Non-cooperation, Movement?, 4. Explain the idea of Satyagraha according to Gandhiji., 5. Explain any two facts about the new economic situation created in India, by the First World War., 6. Explain the circumstances under which Gandhiji decided to call off the, Civil Disobedience Movement in 1931., 7. How had the First World War created a new economic situation in India?, Explain with three examples., 8. How was Rowlatt Act opposed by the people in India? Explain with, examples., 9. Explain any two problems faced by the peasants of Awadh., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (3 MARKS), , 1.What was the main reason to withdraw the Non-cooperation Movement?, 2.Name three main ‘Satyagraha’ movements organized by Mahatma Gandhi, successfully in favour of peasants in 1916 and 1917., 3. Explain the idea of Satyagraha ., 4.How did the plantation workers understand the idea of ‘Swaraj’? Explain., 5.Explain any three effects of the Non-cooperation Movement on the economy, of India., 6.Why did Non-cooperation Movement gradually slowdown in cities? Explain, any three reasons., 7.Describe the main features of ‘Poona Pact’., 8.What type of flag was designed during the ‘Swadeshi Movement’ in Bengal?, Explain its main features., 9. “The Civil Disobedience Movement was different from the Non-Cooperation, Movement”. Support the statement with examples.), 10.Why did Mahatma Gandhi relaunch the Civil Disobedience Movement in, 1932? Explain., 11. When did Simon Commission come to India? Why was it boycotted?, 12. Explain the main features if Gandhi-Irwin Pact., , 13. How was Lahore Congress of 1929 important?, 14. The effects of non-cooperation on economic front were more dramatic., How?, 15. Why did business class participate in the civil disobedience movement?, 16. Explain the role of women in Civil Disobedience Movement., 17. Briefly explain Dandi March., , Page, , 35, , 18.Explain the effects of ‘worldwide economic depression’ on India, towards, late 1920s., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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LONG ANSWER QUERSTIONS (5 MARKS), 1.How did the plantation workers understand the idea of ‘Swaraj’? Explain., 2.Why did Gandhiji decide to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the, proposed Rowlatt Act, 1919? How was it organised Explain., 3. What were the two types of demands mentioned by Gandhiji in his letter to, Viceroy Irwin on 31st January 1930? Why was abolition of ‘salt tax’ most stirring, demand? Explain., 4.Describe the role of the peasants in Awadh in the Non-cooperation, Movement., 5.Describe the main features of the ‘Salt March’., Or, How did the Salt March become an effective tool of resistance against, colonialism? Explain., 6.Describe the spread of Non-Cooperation Movement in the countryside., 7.How did cultural processes help in creating a sense of collective, belongingness in India? Explain., 8.Evaluate the contribution of folklore, songs, popular prints etc., in shaping the, nationalism during freedom struggle., 9.Explain any five major problems posed by the First World War in India., 10.Explain five points about Gandhiji’s idea of ‘satyagraha’., 11.How did the Civil Disobedience Movement come into force in various parts, of the country? Explain with examples., 12. Explain any five features of Civil Disobedience Movement., 13. “Dalit participation was limited in the Civil Disobedience Movement”., Examine the statement., , 16.Who was Alluri Sitaram Raju? Explain his role in inspiring the rebels with, Gandhiji’s ideas., STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 15.How did different social groups participate in Civil Disobedience Movement?, Explain with examples., , 36, , 14. “Some of the Muslim political organizations in India, were lukewarm in their, response to the ‘Civil Disobedient Movement’.” Examine the statement.
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17. Describe briefly about Jallianwala Bagh incident. Explain its impact on the, people., 18.How did the ‘Non-Cooperation Movement’ spread in cities across the, country? Explain its effects on the economic front., MAP QUESTIONS, 1. Important Centres of Indian National Movement ( Non-cooperation and, Civil Disobedience Movements), •, , (i) Champaran (Bihar) Movement of Indigo Planters, , •, , (ii) Kheda (Gujarat) Peasant Satyagraha, , •, , (iii) Ahmedabad(Gujarat) Cotton Mill Worker’s Satyagraha, , •, , (iv) Amritsar(Punjab) Jallianwala Bagh Incident, , •, , (v) Chauri Chaura(UP) Calling of the NCM, , •, , (vi) Baroli(Gujarat) No Tax Campaign, , •, , (vii) Dandi(Gujarat) Civil Disobedience Movement, , 2. IMPORTANT CONGRESS SESSIONS, For location and labelling /Identification on Outline Political Map of India, Indian National Congress Sessions:, Calcutta (Sep. 1920),, Nagpur (Dec.1920),, Madras (1927), , Page, , 37, , Lahore (1929), , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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Answer Key, MCQ, 1, , C, , 10, , D, , 19, , D, , 28, , B, , 2, , A, , 11, , D, , 20, , A, , 29, , D, , 3, , A, , 12, , B, , 21, , C, , 30, , A, , 4, , D, , 13, , C, , 22, , B, , 31, , C, , 5, , C, , 14, , C, , 23, , C, , 32, , D, , 6, , B, , 15, , B, , 24, , A, , 33, , A, , 7, , B, , 16, , D, , 25, , A, , 34, , D, , 8, , C, , 17, , D, , 26, , B, , 35, , B, , 9, , c, , 18, , b, , 27, , A, , 36, , A, , Match the columns. Find out the correct option, 1. a, 2. a, Assertion Reason questions, 1. Answer: A), Gandhiji’s idea of Satyagraha is an exceptional way to resist evil. Through this, mechanism, Gandhiji aimed at resisting any kind of unjust, impure or, untruthful acts. The main function of a Satyagraha is not to injure the enemy, by any means. It is an appeal to the enemy either through reason or by a gentle, rational argument. It emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for, truth., 2. Answer: A, General Dyer killed many people to create in the minds of satyagrahis a, feeling of terror and awe., , 3. Answer: B., Both A and R are true but A was not an issue faced by people., 4. Answer: A., To bring Hindus and Muslims together, Gandhi decided to take up the Khilafat, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 5. Answer: C., R is false.Salt was used by all., , 38, , issue.
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6. Answer: A., Folklores helped to discover national identity and a sense of oneness., Source Based Questions, , 1a. Answer A, 1b. Answer :A, 1c. Answer : D, 1d. Answer: A, 2.a Answer. D, 2.b Answer. B, 2.c Answer. C, 2. d Answer: Non violence, 3.a Answer. B, 3.b Answer. B, 3.c Answer. A, 3.d Answer. C, 4.a Answer: B, 4.b Answer: C, 4.c Answer: B, 4.d Answer : C, 5.a Answer: B, 5.b Answer: A, 5.c Answer: A, 5.d Answer: B, PICTURE BASED QUESTIONS, , VERY SHORT ANSWERS (2 MARKS), , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 39, , B, A, C, A, A, D, , Page, , 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6.
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1. Rowlatt Act was passed in 1919 by Imperial Legislative Council. It gave the, government enormous powers to suppress political activities and allowed, detention of political prisoners without trial for two years., 2. Khilafat movement was started by Mahatma Gandhi and the Ali Brothers,, Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali in response to the harsh treatment given, to the Caliph of Ottoman empire and the dismemberment of the Ottoman, empire by the British, 3. Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-cooperation Movement as the, movement had turned violent in many places. The Chauri Chaura incident, in 1922 turned into a violent dash and 22 policemen were killed. Gandhiji, felt satyagrahis were not ready for mass struggles, 4. Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in 1915 from South Africa. Gandhiji’s, novel method of mass agitation is know as ‘Satyagraha’. Satyagraha, emphasised truth. Gandhiji believed that if the cause is true, if the, struggle is against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to, fight the oppressor. A satyagrahi can win the battle through nonviolence. People, including oppressors, had to be persuaded to see the, truth. Truth was bound to ultimately triumph. Gandhiji believed that, dharma of non-violence could unite all India., 5. Answer:, The First World War created a dramatically new economic situation in, India:, (i) Manchester imports into India declined as the British mills were busy, with war production to meet the needs of the army paving the way for, the Indian mills to supply for the huge home market., (ii) As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply, war needs. As a result new factories were set up, new workers were, employed and everyone was made to work longer hours., 6. Gandhiji decided to call off the Civil Disobedience movement in 1931, because:, , It resulted in an uprising in Peshawar in 1930., STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , Government responded with brutal repression and peaceful satyagrahis, were arrested. Women and children were beaten up., , 40, , Political leaders like Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan were arrested. More than, one lakh people were arrested.
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Industrial workers in Sholapur attacked police post. In Chittagong, the, revolutionaries captured the armoury and a pitched battle was fought, between the government troops and the revolutionaries. (any two), 7. The First World War created a dramatically new economic situation in, India:, (i) Manchester imports into India declined as the British mills were busy, with war production to meet the needs of the army paving the way for, the Indian mills to supply for the huge home market., (ii) As the war prolonged, Indian factories were called upon to supply, war needs. As a result new factories were set up, new workers were, employed and everyone was made to work longer hours., (iii) Cotton production collapsed and exports of cotton cloth from Britain, fell dramatically after the war, as it was unable to modernize and, compete with US, Germany, Japan. Hence within colonies like India, local, industrialists gradually consolidated their position capturing the home, market.(any two), 8. The demand to abolish the salt tax was included in the demands because, salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike and it was, one of the most essential item of food., Answer:, The problems faced by the peasants of Awadh were:, 9. Talukdars and landlords demanded exorbitantly high rents and a variety, of other taxes from the peasants., Peasants had to do begar and work at the landlords’ farms without any, payment., As tenants they had no security of tenure and were being regularly, evicted so that they could acquire no right over the leased land. ( any, two), , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 1. :Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-cooperation Movement as the, movement had turned violent in many places. The ChauriChaura incident, , 41, , SHORT ANSWERS (3 MARKS)
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in 1922 turned into a violent dash and 22 policemen were killed. Gandhiji, felt satyagrahis were not ready for mass struggles. More over many, congress leaders were tired of continuous struggle and some of the were, interested to participate in the election to provincial legislative councils, which formed according to the Government of India Act of 1919., 2. :, 1. Indigo cultivators Movement in Champaran, Bihar in 1917., 2. Peasants Satyagraha Movement was organized in Kheda district in, Gujarat in 1917 to support peasants in the demand for relaxation of, revenue collection., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 3. :, Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in 1915 from South Africa. Gandhiji’s, novel method of mass agitation is known as ‘Satyagraha’. Satyagraha, emphasised the search for truth. Gandhiji believed that if the cause is, true, if the struggle is against injustice, then physical force was not, necessary to fight the oppressor. A satyagrahi can win the battle through, non-violence. People, including oppressors, had to be persuaded to see, the truth. Truth was bound to ultimately triumph. Gandhiji believed that, dharma of non-violence could unite all India. According to Gandhiji it is, not a physical force it is a soul force and the weapon of the strong., Satyagraha is based on two pillars Non- violence and Truth, 4. :, For the plantation workers of Assam, “Swaraj” meant freedom to move, freely in and out of the confined space in which they all were enclosed, and also to be able to keep the link with their native village intact. Under, the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not allowed, to leave their tea gardens without permission, which they were rarely, given. They believed that Gandhi Raj is going to come and they will get a, piece of land in their own village. When they heard of the Noncooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied authorities, left the, plantations and headed home., 5. :, The economic sphere was affected by the Non-cooperation Movement:, Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops were picketed and foreign, cloth was burnt. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921-1922., Its value dropped from ₹ 102 crore to ₹ 57 crore., , 42, , Cotton mill workers satyagraha at Ahmedabad
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8., , 9., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 43, , 7., , Page, , 6., , Many merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or, finance foreign trade., People began discarding imported clothes and wearing Indian ones., The production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up. Use of, khadi was popularized., :, The Non-cooperation Movement gradually slowed down in cities for a, variety of reasons:, Khadi cloth was more expensive than mill cloth and poor people could not, afford to buy it. As a result they could not boycott mill cloth for too long., Alternative Indian institutions were not there which could be used in place, of the British ones. These were slow to come up., So students and teachers began trickling back to government schools and, lawyers joined back work in government courts., :, The Poona Pact:, (i) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who organised the dalits into the Depressed Classes, Association in 1930 demanded separate electorates for dalits in the, Second Round Table Conference organised in London., (ii) When British accepted this demand in the name of Communal Award,, Gandhiji started a fast into death. He believed that separate electorates, for dalits would slow down the process of their integration into the, society., (iii) Ambedkar and Gandhi came to an agreement with Ambedkar, accepting Gandhis position and the result was the Poona Pact of, September, 1932., It gave the depressed classes (later to be known as Schedule castes), reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils., But, they were to be voted in by the general electorate., :, During the ‘Swadeshi Movement’ in Bengal, a tricolour flag—red, green, and yellow was designed. It had eight lotuses representing the eight, provinces of British India., It had a crescent moon, representing Hindus and Muslims., :, The Civil Disobedience Movement was different from the NonCooperation Movement in the following ways:, Non-Cooperation Movement:, It aimed to attain Swaraj.
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The people were asked not to cooperate with the government., Foreign goods and foreign cloth were boycotted. In many places, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign, traders., Students left the government owned schools and colleges and lawyers, gave up legal practices., Civil Disobedience Movement:, It aimed to attain poorna swaraj, People were asked not only to refuse cooperation with the British but, also to break colonial laws., The countrymen broke the salt law by manufacturing salt by boiling sea, water at Dandi., Peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari tax., Village officials resigned from their jobs. Forest people violated forest, rules and laws., 10.:, Mahatma Gandhi entered into a pact with Irwin on 5 March, 1931., By this Gandhi-Irwin Pact, Gandhiji committed to participate in a Round, Table Conference in London and the government agreed to release the, political prisoners., In December 1931, Gandhiji went to London for the conference, but the, negotiations broke down and he returned disappointed., Back in India, he discovered that the government had begun a new cycle, of repressive measures., Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Jawaharlal Nehru were both in jail and the, Congress had been declared illegal., A series of measures had been imposed to prevent meetings,, demonstrations and boycotts., Thus, with great apprehension Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience, Movement., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , The Tory government of Britain formed a commission under the, leadership of Sir John Simon to enquire into the working of, constitutional arrangements in India and to suggest reforms. It was, appointed in 1927 and this commission reached in India in 1928. It, was boycotted because, • It did not have any single Indian member, • It did not talk about Swaraj, • Gandhiji decided to call off Civil Disobedience Movement., , 44, , 11.
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12., • He consented to participate in round table conference in London., • Govt. agreed to release the political prisoners., 13., 1.It formalized the demand for ‘Purna Swaraj’ or full independence to, India., 2. It declared 26 Jan.1930 would be celebrated as Independence Day., 3. It decided to launch Civil Disobedience Movement., 14., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 18.:, In 19th century, colonial India had become an exporter of agricultural, goods and an importer of manufactures., The worldwide economic depression immediately affected Indian trade., India’s exports and imports nearly halved between 1928 and 1934. As, , 45, , •import of British goods to India was reduced to half, `, Foreign goods were boycotted, • Liquor shops were picketed, • The value of import on cloths came down, • Merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods, • Production of Indian textiles went up., 15., They wanted protection against import of foreign goods and a rupee –, sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports. Most of, the business people came to see Swaraj as a time when colonial, restriction on business would no-longer exist and industry would, flourish., 16., During Gandhiji’s salt march, thousands of women came out and listen, to him. They participated in protest march, manufactured salt and, picketed foreign cloth. Many went to jail. They considered serving, nation as their sacred duty., 17., Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the, Nation. He sent letter to Viceroy Irwin in which the most stirring was, demand to abolish salt tax. When Irwin refused to accept these, demands, Gandhi started the salt march accompanied by 78 of his, trusted volunteers, marched 240 miles from Sabarmati ashram to, Dandi. On his way he told the importance of Swaraj to people and, asked to defy British. On 6th April he reached Dandi violated the law,, manufacturing salt by boiling sea water. It marked the beginning of, civil disobedience movement.
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international prices crashed, prices in India also plunged. Peasants, producing for the world market were worst hit. Though agricultural prices, fell, the colonial government refused to reduce revenue demands., Peasant’s indebtedness increased. For example, Jute producers of Bengal., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 1. :, For the plantation workers of Assam, “Swaraj” meant freedom to move, freely in and out of the confined space in which they all were enclosed, and also to be able to keep the link with their native village intact. Under, the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not allowed, to leave their tea gardens without permission, which they were rarely, given. They believed that Gandhi Raj is going to come and they will get a, piece of land in their own village. When they heard of the Noncooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied authorities left the, plantations and headed home., 2. :, The Rowlatt Act was passed despite the united opposition of the Indian, members of Imperial Legislative Council., The Act gave the government enormous powers to oppress political, agitations., It had allowed the detention of political prisoners without trial for two, years. There was no provision for appeal., The passing of this Act aroused large scale indignation., Gandhiji, who had formed a Satyagraha Sabha earlier, called for a, countrywide protest against the proposed Rowlatt Act. Throughout the, country, 6 April 1919 was observed as a National Humiliation Day., Gandhiji wanted a non-violent Civil Disobedience against such unjust, laws. Hartals and rallies were organized in various cities. Workers went on, strike in railway workshops. Shops were closed down. The movement was, non-violent but proved to be effective., 3. :, On 31st January, 1930 Gandhiji sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating, eleven demands, Some of the demands were of general interest; others were specific, demands of different classes from industrialists to peasants, The most important demand was to abolish Salt Tax.Salt was one of the, most essential food items consumed by the rich and poor alike and a tax, , 46, , LONG ANSWER QUERSTIONS (5 MARKS)
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STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 47, Page, , on it was considered an oppression on the people by the British, Government., Gandhiji’s letter was an ultimatum and if his demands were not fulfilled, by March 11, he told that Congress will launch a Civil Disobedience, campaign., 4. :, Role of the peasants in Awadh in the Non-cooperation Movement:, In Awadh, the peasants’ movement was led by Baba Ramchandra—a, Sanyasi who had earlier worked in Fiji as indentured labourer., The movement was against taluqdars and landlords who demanded high, rents from the peasants. Peasants had to do ‘begar and work at landlords’, farms without any payment. As tenants, they had no security of tenure, and could be evicted without any notice., The peasants’ movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of, begar and social boycott of these landlords., In many places Nai-Dhobi bandits were organized to deprive landlords of, the services of even washer men and barbers., In 1920, Jawahar Lai Nehru began talking to the villagers and formed, ‘Oudh Kisan Sabha’. Within a month 300 branches had been setup in the, villages., As the movement spread in 1921, and it became a part of the Non, Cooperation movement. They adopted violent methods. The houses of, taluqdars and merchants were attacked, bazaars were looted and grain, hoards were taken over., 5. :, Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the, nation., On 31st January, 1930 he sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven, demands, one of which was the demand to abolish Salt Tax., Salt was one of the most essential food items consumed by the rich and, poor alike and a tax on it was considered an oppression on the people by, the British Government., Mahatma Gandhi’s letter was an ultimatum and if his demands were not, fulfilled by March 11, he had threatened to launch a civil disobedience, campaign., So, Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Salt March accompanied by 78, of his trusted volunteers. The march was over 240 miles, from Gandhiji’s, ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati coastal town of Dandi.
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STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 7. :, Though nationalism spread through the experience of united struggle but, a variety of cultural processes captured the imagination of Indians and, promoted a sense of collective belongingness:, (i) Use of figures or images. The identity of India came to be visually, associated with the image of Bharat Mata. Devotion to the mother figure, came to be seen as an evidence of one’s nationalism., (ii) Indian folklore. Nationalists started recording and using folklores and, tales, which they believed, gave a true picture of traditional culture that, , 48, , The volunteers walked for 24 days, about 10 miles a day. Thousands came, to hear Mahatma Gandhi wherever he stopped, and he told them what, he meant by Swaraj and urged them to peacefully defy the British., On 6th April, he reached Dandi, and ceremonially violated the law,, manufacturing salt by boiling sea water. This marked the beginning of the, Civil Disobedience Movement., 6. :, The Non-cooperation movement spread to the countryside also. It drew, into the struggles of peasants and tribes from different parts of India., (i) In Awadh, the peasants’ movement led by Baba Ramchandra was, against talukdars and landlords who demanded extremely high rents and, a variety of other cesses from the peasants. Peasants were forced to work, in landlords’ farms without any payment (begar). Peasants had no security, of tenure, thus being regularly evicted so that they could acquire no right, over the leased land. The demands of the peasants were—reduction of, revenue, abolition of begar and social boycott of oppressive landlords., (ii) In the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh a militant guerrilla movement, spread in the early 1920s against the closure of forest areas by the colonial, government, preventing people from entering the forests to graze their, cattle, or to collect fuelwood and fruits. They felt that their traditional, rights were being denied., (iii) For plantation workers in Assam, freedom meant the right to move, freely in and out of the confined space in which they were enclosed. It, meant retaining a link with the village from which they had come. Under, the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted, to leave tea gardens without permission. In fact the permission was hardly, granted. When they heard of the Non¬Cooperation Movement,, thousands of workers defied the authorities and left for their homes.
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STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 49, Page, , had been corrupted and damaged by outside forces. So preservation of, these became a way to discover one’s national identity’ and restore a, sense of price in one’s past., (iii) Use of icons and symbols in the form of flags. Carrying the tricolour, flag and holding it aloft during marches became a symbol of defiance and, promoted a sense of collective belonging., (iv) Reinterpretation of history. Indians began looking into the past to, rediscover the glorious developments in ancient times in the field of art,, science, mathematics, religion and culture, etc. This glorious time was, followed by a history of decline when India got colonized, as Indian history, was miserably written by the colonisers., All these techniques were used to bring the Indian people together, against the common enemy, 8. :, History and fiction, folklore and songs, popular prints and symbols—all, played an important role in creating a sense of collective belonging, leading to the growth of nationalism., 1. Image of Bharat Mata:, With the growth of nationalism, the identity of the Indian nation came to, be visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata., Moved by the Swadeshi Movement, Abindranath Tagore painted the, famous image of Bharat Mata. The identity of the Indian nation came to, be visually associated with this image. She was portrayed as an ascetic, figure—calm, composed, divine and spiritual., Later this image was painted by many other artists which acquired, different forms. This image was circulated in popular prints and devotion, to this mother figure was seen as a sign of nationalism., 2. Reinterpretation of History:, The glorification of developments in ancient India in the fields of art and, architecture, science and mathematics, religion and culture, law and, philosophy, craft and trade had also helped in the growth of nationalism., These nationalist histories encouraged the readers to take pride in, India’s great achievement in the past and struggle to change the, miserable conditions (cultural and economic decline) of life under the, British rule., 3. Indian Folklore:, Idea of nationalism also developed through a movement to revive Indian, folklore.
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50, Page, , Folk tales were sung by bards in the villages, to give a true picture of, traditional culture, which had been damaged by outside forces., In Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore himself began collecting ballads, nursery, rhymes and myths to revive folk culture., In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a four volume collection of Tamil folk, tales, “The Folklore of Southern India”., 9. :, The outbreak of the First World War had created a new economic and, political situation in India:, The increased defence expenditure was financed by war loans and by, raising tax rates, custom duties, etc. There was tremendous price rise, during the war years. Between 1913 and 1918, the prices had almost, doubled. People, particularly common people, were facing extreme, hardships., Forced recruitment in the army caused widespread anger in the villages., The failure of crops in many parts of India had created food shortages,, leading to the added misery of the people., In addition to this, there was the outbreak of the great influenza, epidemic. Millions of people perished due to influenza and starvation., The nationalist movement grew stronger during the war years. A large, number of Muslims were drawn into the anti-British struggle during the, war. The defence of the ‘Caliphate’ (Khilafat) became an important, question for Muslims. Peasant movements during war period also had, helped the nationalist movement to grow stronger., 10.:, Five points about Gandhiji’s idea of ‘satyagraha’:, According to Gandhiji, satyagraha is not physical force. In the use of, satyagraha there should not be any scope of ill-will., Satyagraha is about soul-force and truth is the very substance of soul, and the soul is informed with knowledge., According to Gandhiji, satyagraha is not the weapon of the weak,, instead it can only be used by the strongest of the strong as it totally, depends upon mental strength but not on physical strength., It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice,, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor. Without, seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle, through nonviolence., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 12.:, Non-fulfilment of demands made by Gandhiji on behalf of all the, members of the Congress led to the launching of the Civil Disobedience, Movement in 1930., Gandhiji’s ‘Dandi March’ marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience, Movement. Gandhiji started his march with 78 volunteers from his, ashram at Sabarmati to the Gujarat coastal town of Dandi. On 6th April,, Gandhiji reached Dandi and ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing, salt by boiling sea water., Features of Civil Disobedience Movement:, People were now asked not only to refuse cooperation with the British, but also to break colonial laws., Foreign cloth was boycotted and people were asked to picket liquor, shops., Peasants were asked not to pay revenue and chaukidari taxes., , 51, , Non-violence is the supreme dharma which could unite all Indians., Without seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a satyagrahi can win the, battle. By this struggle, truth was bound to ultimately triumph, Satyagraha is based on two pillars namely truth and non-violence, 11.:, Civil Disobedience Movement came into force in various parts of the, country:, (i) Gandhiji led the salt march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi with his, followers starting the Civil Disobedience Movement., (ii) Thousands in different parts of the country broke the salt law,, manufactured salt and demonstrated in front of government salt, factories., (iii) In the countryside, the rich Patidars of Gujarat and Jats of Uttar, Pradesh were active in the movement. As rich communities were very, hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices, they became, enthusiastic supporters of the Civil Disobedience Movement., (iv) Merchants and industrialists supported the movement by giving, financial assistance and also by refusing to buy and sell the imported, goods., (v) There was a large scale participation of women in this movement. They, participated in the protest march, broke the salt law, picketed the shops, selling foreign goods and liquor and many went to jail.
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STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , The dalit leaders were keen on a different political solution. Political, empowerment, they believed would resolve the problems of their social, disability. They began demanding reserved seats in educational, institutions and a separate electorate that would choose dalit members, for the Legislative Council. But their demand was not supported by, Congress so Dalits didn’t participate the Civil Disobedience Movement in, large numbers., 14.:, Muslim response was lukewarm to the Civil Disobedience Movement as a, large section of Muslims felt alienated from the Congress., The Congress members were seen as associates of Hindu religious nationalist, groups like Hindu Mahasabha., After the Non-cooperation Movement, relations between Hindus and Muslims, worsened as each community organized religious processions, provoking, Hindu-Muslim communal clashes and riots., The important differences were over the question of representation in the, future Assemblies that were to be elected., When Civil Disobedience Movement started, there was an atmosphere of, suspicion and distrust between communities. Muslims feared that they would, be submerged under the domination of a Hindu majority in Independent India., 15. :, (i) Rich peasant communities, like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar, Pradesh, became active in the Civil Disobedience Movement., Being producers of commercial crops, they were hard hit by trade-depression, and falling prices., For them fight for Swaraj was a struggle against high revenues., , 52, , Students, lawyers and village officials were asked not to attend English, medium schools, colleges, courts and offices., 13.:, The abstract concept of ‘Swaraf did not move the nation’s ‘untouchables’,, who from around the 1930s had begun to call themselves dalit or, oppressed., The Congress had ignored the dalits, for the fear of offending the, Sanatanis, the conservative high caste Hindus., Gandhiji persuaded upper castes to change their minds. He himself, cleaned toilets to dignify the work of the bhangi. He called the, untouchables, Harijans, organized satyagraha to secure them entry into, temples and access to public wells, tanks and schools.
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STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 16. :, Alluri Sitaram Raju was the tribal leader of the peasants in Andhra Pradesh. He, claimed that he had a variety of special powers., He inspired the rebels with Gandhiji’s ideas in the following ways:, Raju inspired them by talking of the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi., He said that he was inspired by the Non-cooperation Movement., He persuaded people to wear khadi and to give up drinking., But he asserted that India could be liberated only with the use of force., , 53, , (ii) Small tenants had been cultivating rented land of landlords. They were not, interested in the lowering of the revenue demand., They wanted unpaid rent to be remitted. But their demand was not supported, by Congress. So their participation in this movement was limited., They often joined the radical movements led by the socialists and communists., (iii) Business class reacted against colonial policies that restricted business, activities. They wanted protection against import of foreign goods and wanted, a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports., Industrialists formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in, 1920.They formed the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and, Industries (FICCI) in 1927.They became the enthusiastic supporters of civil, disobedience movement. They boycotted buying and selling of foreign goods, and organised fund for Congress., (iv) The industrial working classes did not participate in the Civil Disobedience, Movement in large numbers, except in the Nagpur region. As the industrialists, came closer to the Congress, workers stayed aloof. But in spite of that, some, workers did participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement, selectively, adopting some of the ideas of the Gandhian programme, as part of their own, movements against low wages and poor working conditions.. But the Congress, was reluctant to include workers’ demands as part of its programme of, struggle. It felt that this would alienate industrialists and divide the antiimperial forces., (v) Another important feature of the Civil Disobedience Movement was largescale participation of women., They participated in protest marches, manufactured salt and picketed foreign, cloth and liquor shops. Many women went to jail., These women came from high-caste families in urban areas and rich peasant, households in rural areas.
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(i) Jallianwala Bagh Incident. On 13th April 1919, a crowd of villagers who had, come to attend a Baisakhi fair, gathered in the enclosed ground of Jallianwala, Bagh. Being from outside the city, many were not aware of the martial law that, had been imposed as a repressive measure., (ii) Some people had also gathered to protest against the government’s, repressive measures., (iii) General Dyer with his British troops entered the park and closed the only, exit point without giving any warning to the assembled people and ordered the, troops to fire at the crowds, killing hundreds. This brutal act of General Dyer, provoked unparalleled indignation., (iv) As the news of JallianwalaBagh spread, crowds took to the streets in many, North Indian towns. There were hartals, clashes and attacks on government, buildings., (v) The government replied with further brutalities. The people of Punjab were, made to crawl on the streets and salute to all ‘Sahibs’. Some were put in open, cages and flogged., 17. (i) Jallianwala Bagh Incident. On 13th April 1919, a crowd of villagers who, had come to attend a Baisakhi fair, gathered in the enclosed ground of, Jallianwala Bagh. Being from outside the city, many were not aware of the, martial law that had been imposed as a repressive measure., (ii) Some people had also gathered to protest against the government’s, repressive measures., (iii) General Dyer with his British troops entered the park and closed the only, exit point without giving any warning to the assembled people and ordered the, troops to fire at the crowds, killing hundreds. This brutal act of General Dyer, provoked unparalleled indignation., (iv) As the news of JallianwalaBagh spread, crowds took to the streets in many, North Indian towns. There were hartals, clashes and attacks on government, buildings., (v) The government replied with further brutalities. The people of Punjab were, made to crawl on the streets and salute to all ‘Sahibs’. Some were put in open, cages and flogged., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , In the cities, the Non-Cooperation Movement started with middle class, participation., , 54, , 18. :
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1, STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , MAP QUESTIONS, , 55, , Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges., Headmasters and teachers resigned and lawyers gave up their legal practices., The Council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras, where, the Justice Party, the party of the non-Brahmans, feet that entering the council, was one way of gaining power., Foreign goods and foreign clothes were boycotted. Traders and merchants also, refused to trade in foreign goods., The economic sphere was affected by the Non-Cooperation Movement., Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops were picketed and foreign cloth, was burnt. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921-1922. Its value, dropped from ₹ 102 crores to ₹ 57 crores., Many merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance, foreign trade., People began discarding imported clothes and wearing Indian ones., The production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up. Use of khadi, was popularised.
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58, Page, , Contemporary India - II, STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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Chapter-6, , Page, , 59, , Manufacturing Industries, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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Sl.No., , Features, , Areas, , AGRO BASED INDUSTRIES, Mumbai1., Cotton, Maharashtra, Indore -MP, Surat- Gujarat, CoimbatoreTamil Nadu, Kanpur- UP, 2, , Jute, , Hugli – West Bengal, , 3., , Sugar, , States- UP, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh,, Maharashtra,, Gujarat, , Problems, , Black Soil,, Moist climate,, Availability of raw cotton,, labour,, Market,, Transport,, Port facilities, Second largest producer of jute, in the world, Availability of raw material, Abundant water for processing, Inexpensive water transport, Good network of Transport, Cheap labour, Port and Banking Facilities, Shifting to south and West, becauseCooler climate, Long crushing season, Successful Co-operatives, , Outdated technology,, Erratic power supply,, Low output of labour,, Stiff competition with, synthetic, , High Grade raw material in, proximity, Low cost of iron ore, Cheap labour, Vast growth potential in home, market, , High costs and limited, availability of coking coal, Low productivity of, labour, Irregular supply of energy, Poor infrastructure, , Competition from, synthetic fibres, Competition from other, jute exporting countries, , Seasonal nature of, industry, Outdated machinery, Transport delays due to, bulky raw material, , Page, , 60, , MINERAL BASED INDUSTRY, Jamshedpur4., Iron &, Jharkhand, Steel, BokaroJharkhand, DurgapurWest Bengal, Bhilai- Chattisgarh, VijaynagarKarnataka, Salem- Tamil Nadu, , Factors, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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(1) The first Jute mill was set up in ……………, (a) Kolkata, (b) Bengaluru, (c) Hyderabad, (d) Mumbai, (2) The shore-based Iron and Steel plant of India is at ……………, (a) Salem, (b) Bhadravathi, (c) Vishakhapatnam, (d) Durgapur, (3) Agency that market steel for the public sector plants is ______, (a) HAIL, (b) SAIL, (c) TATA steel, (d) MNCC, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , (5) The only Software Technology Park is located in which one of, the following north-eastern states is at ________, (a) Himachal Pradesh, (b) Manipur, (c) Mizoram, (d) Assam, , 61, , (4) The first successful cotton textile mill was established in______, (a) Kolkata, (b) Chennai, (c) Mumbai, (d) Coimbatore
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(6) Oil India Ltd is _______ type of Industry on the basis of, ownership, (a) Joint sector Industry, (b) Cooperative Sector, (c) Public sector, (d) Private sector, (7) The products produced from the primary activity are, manufactured at ____ level, (a) Secondary, (b) Tertiary, (c) Both a and b, (d) None of these, (8) Industries based on Agriculture are called _______, (a) Key Industries, (b) Mineral Based Industry, (c) Agro-Based Industry, (d) Basic Industry, (9) ________ sector industries are owned and operated by the, producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both., (a) Public, (b) Private, (c) Joint, (d) Cooperative, (10), , Match the items of column A with that of Column B, A, (i) Cotton Textile, (ii) Jute Textile, (iii) Iron and Steel, (iv) Electronic goods, (v) Software Park, , B, (a) Bengaluru, (b) Jamshedpur, (c) Noida, (d) Mumbai, (e) Hugli, , (1), (2), (3), (4), , (iv) d, (iv) a, (iv)a, (iv) b, , (i) a,, (i) d, (i) c,, (i) d,, , (ii) b, (ii) e, (ii) d, (ii) e, , (iii) c, (iii) b, (iii) b, (iii) c, , (v) e, (v) c, (v) e, (v) e, , Page, , 62, , (11) Complete the diagram of an ‘Ideal location of an Industry’-, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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(a), (b), (c), (d), , Decision to locate factory at site, Transport Facility, Marketing, Government Policies, , (12) Which of the following is a Basic Industry?, (a) Sugar, (b) Cotton, (c) Jute, (d) Iron and Steel, (13) Wastes from nuclear power plants, nuclear and weapon, production, facilities cause…………?, (a) Cancers, birth defects, (b) Skin diseases, (c) Viral diseases, (d) Bacterial diseases, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , Identify the product produced in this factory., (a) Cables, (b) Sewing Machines, (c) Cement, (d) Computers, , 63, , (14) Study the given picture and answer the question that follow-
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(15) India is an important iron and steel producing country in the, world yet, it is not able to perform to our full potential, why?, (a) High costs and limited availability of coking coal, (b) Lower productivity of labour, (c) Irregular supply of energy, (d) All of the above, (16) Name, steel, (a), (b), (c), (d), , one function that occurs in the Blast Furnace in the, manufacture process?, Molten materials are poured into moulds, Iron ore is melted, Pressing and casting, Pig iron is purified, , (17) Observe the given image and answer the question that follows, , What is derived from spinning?, (a) Raw fibre, (b) Fabric, (c) Yarn, (d) Garments, , Page, , 64, , (18) Study the table given below and answer the questions that, follow, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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By how much did steel production decrease in 2019-20 as compared to, the production in 2015-16?, (a) 3.02 million tonnes, (b) 3.56 million tonnes., (c) 3.12 million tonnes, (d) 3.98 million tonnes, (19) Study the Picture and answer the question that follows-, , Where is this Sewage Treatment Plant under Yamuna Action Plan, situated?, (a) Faridabad, (b) Firozabad, (c) Ahmedabad, (d) Nasirabad, (20) Suppose you are working in a Steel Industry, what will be the, proportion of, Iron Ore, coking coal and limestone you would use to produce, steel?, (a) 2: 1: 4, (b) 4: 1: 2, (c) 4: 2: 1, (d) 2: 4: 1, ASSERTION AND REASON, Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and Reason, (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option., Options, , C. A is true but R is false., D. A is false but R is true, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A, , 65, , A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
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(21) Assertion (A): Textile industry occupies a unique position in Indian, economy., Reason (R): It contributes significantly to industrial production, employment generation directly, (22) Assertion (A): Air pollution is caused by the high proportion of, presence, of undesirable gases, Reason (R: Air pollution does not affect our health, and atmosphere as a, whole., (23) Assertion (A): There is a tendency for the mills to shift and, concentrate in the, southern and western states, especially in, Maharashtra., Reason (R): Raw material is cheaper there., (24) Assertion (A): Internal demand for jute has been on the increase., Reason (R): This is because of the government policy of mandatory, use of, plastic packaging. It replaces the secondary and tertiary sector, activities., (25) Assertion (A): Rain water harvesting increases industrial pollution., Reason (R): Rain water helps industry to meet water requirements., Source based questionsRead the source given below and answer the questions that follow:, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , (26.1) What is the criterion to fulfil for Indian goods to be able to, compete in the international market?, (a) Indian goods should be less expensive, (b) Indian goods should be more expensive., , 66, , (26) Our manufactured goods must be at par in quality with those in the, international market. Only then, will we be able to compete in the, international market., Over the last two decades, the share of the manufacturing sector has, stagnated at 17 per cent of GDP – out of a total of 27 per cent for the, industry which includes 10 per cent for mining, quarrying, electricity and, gas. This is much lower in comparison to some East Asian economies, where, it is 25 to 35 per cent. The trend of growth rate in manufacturing over the, last decade has been around 7 per cent per annum. The desired growth rate, over the next decade is 12 per cent. Since 2003, manufacturing is once, again growing at the rate of 9 to 10 per cent per annum. With appropriate, policy interventions by the government and renewed efforts by the industry, to improve productivity, economists predict that manufacturing can achieve, its target over the next decade. The National Manufacturing Competitiveness, Council (NMCC) has been set up with this objective.
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(c) The quality of Indian goods should be enhanced., (d) The quality of Indian goods should be decreased., (26.2) What is the current share of contribution of the manufacturing, sector to the Indian GDP?, (a) 17, (b) 20, (c) 25, (d) 27, (26.3) How can we improve the productivity of the manufacturing, sector?, (a) Reinvigorate the primary sector., (b) Change the tertiary sector, (c) Policy interventions by the government, (d) Change the activities involved in the secondary sector, (26.4) What is the difference between Indian and the East Asian, economies with respect to the contribution of the Manufacturing, Sector?, (a) Contribution is greater in the East Asian Economies., (b) Contribution is lesser in the East Asian Economies., (c) Contribution is equal in the East Asian Economies., (d) There is no contribution in the East Asian Economies.., (27) Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture,, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy, dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in, secondary and tertiary sectors. Industrial development is a precondition for, eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the, main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in, India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing, industries in tribal and backward areas. Export of manufactured goods, expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange., Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished, goods of higher value are prosperous. India’s prosperity lies in increasing, and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , (27.2) Which of the following options does not help in modernising, agriculture?, (a)Manufacturing farm equipment, , 67, , (27.1) The aim of establishing industries in tribal and backward areas, is for(a) Bringing about modern goods, (b) Bringing down regional disparities, (c) Eradication of unemployment and poverty, (d) Quality production
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(b) Providing unskilled labour force, (c) Supplying fertilizers and pesticides, (d)Producing tube well pumps and sprinklers, (27.3) In order to attract foreign manufacturing firms, a country needs, to develop:, (a) Agrarian facilities, (b) Cultivable lands, (c) Cultural festivals, (d) Infrastructure facilities, (27.4) Manufacturing provides job opportunities to reduce dependence, on agriculture. Identify which sector the following jobs belong to:, (1) Agriculture, (2) Manufacturing, (3) Research and, Development, (a) 1(i) 2(ii), 3(iii), (b) 1(iii) 2(i), 3(ii), (c) 2(i), 1(ii), 3(iii), (d) 3(i), 2(ii), 3 (iii), , (i) Secondary, (ii) Tertiary, (iii) Primary, , (28) NTPC is a major power providing corporation in India. It has ISO, certification for EMS (Environment Management System) 14001. The, corporation has a proactive approach for preserving the natural environment, and resources like water, oil and gas and fuels in places where it is setting up, power plants. This has been possible through optimum utilisation of, equipment adopting latest techniques and upgrading existing equipment., Minimising waste generation by maximising ash utilisation., Providing green belts for nurturing ecological balance and addressing the, question of special purpose vehicles for afforestation., Reducing, environmental pollution through ash pond management, ash water recycling, system and liquid waste management. Ecological monitoring, reviews and, online database management for all its power stations, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , (28.2) The challenge of sustainable development requires integration, of economic development with _________ concerns., (a) social, (b) cultural, , 68, , (28.1) NTPC is the abbreviation of ______, (a) National Textile Production Company, (b) National Technology Production Company, (c) National Tuberculosis Prevention Corporation, (d) National Thermal Power Corporation
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(c) environmental, (d) political, (28.3) Find the odd one out from the following statements regarding, the approach of preserving the natural environment(a) Providing green belts, (b) Upgrading equipment, (c) Deforestation, (d) Waste management, (28.4) What are the raw material for thermal power?, (a) Coal and Petroleum, (b) Boiling water, (c) Sun’s heat, (d) None of the above, (29) The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from transistor, sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom, telephone exchange, radars,, computers and many other equipment required by the telecommunication, industry. Bengaluru has emerged as the electronic capital of India. The, continuing growth in the hardware and software is the key to the success of, IT industry in India. A major impact of this industry has been on employment, generation., , Page, , (29.2) Which city is known as electronic capital of India?, (a) Mumbai, (b) Pune, (c) Delhi, (d) Bengaluru, (29.3) In which of the following sectors do IT industry belong to(a) Primary, (b) Tertiary, (c) Secondary, (d) All of the above, (29.4) Which one of the following industries provide single window, service and high data communication facility to software experts(a) Automobile industry, (b) Chemical industry, (c) Iron and Steel industry, (d) Information Technology, , 69, , (29.1) Which of the following industries manufacture computers?, (a) Aluminium, (b) Information Technology, (c) Electronic, (d) Steel, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 MARKS), (30) Agriculture’ and ‘industry’ are complimentary to each other.” Explain, (31) Why is least cost known as decision making factor for an ideal location of, an industry?, (32) Write the basic inputs of Iron and Steel industry, (33) What are agglomeration economies?, (34) Why do our industries need to be more efficient and competitive in the, present day of globalization?, SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (3 MARKS), (35) Why have the demands of jute products increased internally as well as, globally? Explain any two reasons., (36) How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants?, (37) How is the information technology industry gaining importance in India?, (38) How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced?, (39) Why is iron and steel industry called a basic industry?, (40) Why did Mahatma Gandhi lay emphasis on spinning yarn and, weaving khadi?, LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (5 MARKS), (41) Which factors are responsible for the decentralization of cotton textile, mills in India?, (42) The sugar industry is now shifting from north to south., Mention main reasons., (43) Name the factor which plays the most dominant role in the ideal, Location of an industry. Explain any four reasons in support, of this factor., , ****************************************************, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 70, , (44) “The textile industry is the only industry that is self-reliant and complete, in the value-chain? Justify this statement?, (45) Explain five different ways to control environmental degradation caused, by industries.
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ANSWERS, (1) (a) Kolkata, (2) (c) Vishakhapatnam, (3) (b) SAIL, (4) (c) Mumbai, (5) (d) Assam, (6) (a) Joint sector Industry, (7) (a) Secondary, (8) (c) Agro-Based Industry, (9) (d) Cooperative, (10) (2) (i) d, (ii) e, (iii) b (iv) a (v) c, (11) (a) Decision to locate factory at site, (12) (d) Iron and Steel, (13) (a) Cancers, birth defects, (14) (a) Cables, (15) (d)All of the above, (16) (b) Iron ore is melted, (17) (c) Yarn, (18) (d) 3.98 million tonnes, (19) (a) Faridabad, (20) (c) 4: 2: 1, , Assertion and Reason, Ans21) (a) Both (A) and (R) are true. (R) is the correct explanation of (A), Explanation: It is the only industry in the country, which is self-reliant, And complete in the value chain i.e., from raw material to the highest, value-added products., Ans22) (c) (A) is Correct but (R) is wrong, Explanation: Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of, undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide., Airborne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles like, dust,, sprays mist and smoke, Air pollution adversely affects human health, animals, plants, buildings, and the atmosphere as a whole., , Ans24) (c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , Explanation: Raw material or sugarcane has greater sugar content. That, Helps get greater results and better final products., , 71, , Answer23) (c) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
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Explanation: The rise in demand is because of the government policy of, mandatory use of jute packaging., Ans25) (A) is wrong but (R) is correct, Explanation: Pollution occurs when waste water discharged by industry, pollutes fresh water. Rain water harvesting replenishes the water which, helps industries to meet water requirements, Source Based, (26), (26.1), (26.2), (26.3), (26.4), , (c) The quality of Indian goods should be enhanced, (a) 17, (c) Policy interventions by the government, (a) Contribution is greater in the East Asian Countries, , (27), (27.1) (b) Bringing down regional disparities, (27.2) (b) Providing unskilled labour force, (27.3) (d) Infrastructure facilities, (27.4) (b) 1(iii) 2(i), 3(ii), (28), (28.1) (d) National Thermal Power Corporation, (28.2) (c) environmental, (28.3) (c) Deforestation, (28.4) (a) Coal and Petroleum, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 MARKS), 30. Ans) Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They, Move hand in hand,, (1) The agro-based industries have given a major boost to agriculture by, raising, its productivity., (2) The agro-based industries depend on agriculture for raw materials., Manufacturing industries sell their products such as fertilizers,, insecticides, irrigation pumps, PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc., to the farmers., (3), Thus, development and competitiveness of manufacturing, industry has, not only assisted agriculturists in increasing their, production but also made production process very efficient., , 72, , (29), (29.1) (c) Electronic, (29.2) (d) Bengaluru, (29.3) (b) Tertiary, (29.4) (d) Information Technology
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31., Ans) It includes all important factors like distance from raw material, sources, nearness to market, transport and communication facilities, etc which motivates the industrialist in investment., 32. Ans) Coking coal, limestone and manganese, 33. Ans) Many industries tend to come together to make, use of the, advantages offered by the urban institutions such as banking, insurance,, transport, labour. This is known as agglomeration economies, 34. Ans) Our industries need to be more efficient and competitive in the, present day globalization because:, (1), Our manufactured goods must be at par in quality with those in, the international market., (2) Only then we will be able to compete in the international market., (3) India will have to develop its industries if it wants to be, internationally developed., SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (3 MARKS), , Ans), (1) To minimise use of water in industries, (2) To reuse and recycle water in two or successive stages, (3) To harvest rain water for meeting water requirements in, industries, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 38., , 73, , 35. Ans) (1) The demand of jute products increased internally due to the, Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging., (1), The demand of jute products has also increased globally, due to environment friendliness., (2), The global concern for environment friendly, biodegradable, materials, has opened the opportunity for jute products., 36. Ans) (1) Integrated Steel Plant is larger in size than Mini Steel Plant., (2) Integrated Steel Plant handle everything in one single, Complex From putting together raw material to steel making, rolling, and shaping while the Mini steel Plants use steel scrap, sponge iron, and sometimes steel ingots supplied by integrated Steel Plants., (3) Integrated Steel Plants manufacture all types of steel but, Mini steel Plants produce mild and alloy steel of give specification, 37. Ans), (1) Generates employment - employed over one million and, expected to increase in coming years. It is encouraging to know, that 30% of the people employed in this sector are women., (2) This is a major foreign exchange earner industry., (3) The continuing growth in the hardware and software is the key, to success of IT industry India.
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39., , (1) To treat water and other industrial effluents before releasing, them into rivers and ponds in three stagesPhase I- Primary treatment by mechanical means- screening,, Grinding, Sedimentation, Phase II- Secondary treatment by biological process, Phase III- Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and, physical, Ans) (1) It is the industry which lays foundation of rapid, development of other industries such as heavy engineering,, defence equipment automobiles, aeroplanes etc., (2) Generates employments, (3) Helps development in agriculture., , 40. Ans) Weaving is done by handloom, power loom and in mills., , The handspun khadi provides large-scale employment to weavers, in their homes as a cottage industry. Mahatma Gandhi also, wanted to propagate the use of the indigenous khadi material to, revive the jobs of jobless weavers during the British period, 41. Ans) (i) Cotton textile have a very high demand throughout the country., (ii) Major inputs like banking, electricity, transportation is available, in almost every part of the country, (iii) Textile industry is labour intensive industry and labour is easily, available in India., (iv) Textile industry requires less technological inputs and can be, carried out using simple tools and machines., (v) Generates employment in rural and urban sector., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 43. Ans) (1) Availability of raw material: The factory needs to be close to the, location of raw materials if they are heavy and bulky to, transport. For example, iron and steel and cement industries are, located near the source of raw materials. It cuts down the cost of, transportation. ‘, (2) Labour: A large and cheap labour force is required for, labour-intensive manufacturing industries. High-tech, industries have to locate where suitable skilled workers are, available., (3) Power: Power supply is needed for working of the machines in, , 74, , 42. Ans) (i) The sugar contents in the cane are higher i.e. 10.5% in, Maharashtra, and other southern states., (ii) Climate is suitable for the cultivation of sugarcane., (iii) South has better export facilities as compared to North., (iv) Cooperative sugar mills are more successful in management in, south India., (v) The Peninsular climate helps to extend the crushing season by, two months in the south India than north India.
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a factory. Earlier industries were near to coalfields., (4) Capital: Money that is invested to start the business. The, amount of capital will determine the size and location of the factory, (5) Transport: A good transport network helps to reduce costs and made, the movement of raw materials and finished goods easier., (6) Market: An accessible place to sell the products is essential., (7) Government policies: Industrial development is encouraged, receive financial incentives and assistance from the government, in the form of low rent and tax rebates., 44. Ans), (1) It contributes significantly to industrial production (14%)., , Page, , 75, , (2) It employs the second largest number of people , that is, 35 million, persons directly., (3) Its share in the foreign exchange earnings is significant at about 24.6%., (4) It contributes 4% towards GDP., (5) It is the only industry in the country which is self-reliant and, complete in the value chain, i.e., from raw material to its highest valueadded products., 45. Ans), (1)Careful planning and setting of industries, (2) Better design and operation of equipment to increase efficiency and, reduce noise, (3) Proper selection of fuel and its utilisation, (4) Prevention of smoke by using of oil or gas instead of coal in industries, (5) Minimising use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it in, two or more successive stages, (6) Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements, (7) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and, ponds, (8) Reduction of particulate matter in the air by fitting smoke stacks to, factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and, inertial separators process., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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76, Page, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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Page, , 78, , MINERAL AND ENERGY RESOURCES, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY, , LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY, , COMMUNICATION, , MEANS OF TRANSPORT, , WATER, , AIR, , MASS, , INLAND, , DOMESTIC, , OVERSEAS, , INTERNATIONA, L, , ROADWAYS, , PERSONAL, , RAILWAY, , PIPELINES, , Classification of Roads:, , Railway Track, , Important Pipelines: -, , 1.Super highways, , 1.Broad Gauge-1.67m, , Upper Assam to Kanpur, , 2.National highways, , 2.Metre Gauge-1m, , Saalya to Jalandhar, , 3. state highways, , 3.Narrow Gauge-0.61m, , HBJ Pipeline, , 4.District Roads, , Page, , 1, , 81, , LAND, , 5.Rural Roads, 6.Border Roads, STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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Tourism as a Trade, , Balance of Trade, , TRADE, Local Trade, , International Trade, , SUMMARY OF THE CHAPTER:, , 1. Life line of a country: Modern means of communication and transport, which brings people together and help in local National and, international trade., 2. Means of Transportation: Means of transportation of which make, possible the movement of goods services and human/animal from one, place to another place., 3. Means of communication: Method through which information, news,, dialogue etc, communicated from one place and to another place and, one person to another are called means of communication., 4. Golden Quadrilateral: The six lane super Highways which brings, implemented by National Highway Authority of India and connects, Delhi Mumbai Kolkata and Chennai., 5. National Highway 4 to 6 Lane highway which can connect on link, , Page, , Department, , 82, , extreme part of the countries and maintain by Central Public Work, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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6. Boder Roads: Border Roads Organization a Government of India, undertaking constructs and maintains roads in the bordering areas of, the country, 7. Rail Transport: A major means of transport in India. The Indian, Railways is now reorganized in 16 zones., 8. Gauge or track: It is the distance between the two tracks of rail., 9. Port: The manmade place or facility near the sea coast where ships,, boats and barges can be docked to load unload people, things etc. Fuel, and other needs can also be taken here. A Port is different than a, harbour., 10. Tidal port: A port in which the water level within the port is subject to, change with the ocean tides. These ports are found in coastal region., 11. Trade: Exchange of goods and services among different peoples, states, and countries referred to as trade., 12. International Trade The balance of trade of a country is the difference, between it’s export and import., 13. Balance of Trade: The balance of trade of a country is the difference, between its export and import., 14. New forms of Tourism: Heritage tourism, ecotourism, adventure, tourism, cultural tourism, medical tourism and business tourism., , MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS, Q 1: Which one of the following states is not connected with the H.V.J., pipeline?, , Q2: Identify the industry:, (1) Industry in India has grown substantially over the last three decades., (2) 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism industry., (3) The industry promotes national integration, provides support to local, handicrafts and cultural pursuits., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 83, , Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, , Page, , a., b., c., d.
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A., B., C., D., , Paper, Information and technology, Tourism, Films, , Q3: Which one of the following is not the means of mass, communication?, A., B., C., D., , Cards and envelopes, Radio, Newspaper, Films, , Q4: Difference between the total value of exports and imports is called., A., B., C., D., , Balance of Payment, Balance of Trade, Surplus Budget, Deficit Balance, , Q5: The people who make the products come to the consumers by, transportation are called ______________ ., A., B., C., D., , Businessman, Retailers, Traders, Industrialists, , Pipeline, Unmetalled Road, Metalled Road, Super Highways, , Q7: Identify the port:, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , A., B., C., D., , 84, , Q6: Complete the following table with appropriate terms in place of (a).
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(1) It is located on the Western Coast., (2) It is the premier iron ore exporting sea port of the country, A., B., C., D., , Kochi, Marmagao Port, Visakhapatnam, Haldia, , Q8: Narrow Gauge railway line is found in, A., B., C., D., , the Northern Plains, the hilly areas of Darjeeling, Shillong and Ooty, deserts of Rajasthan, the Central Highlands, , Q9: Match the following roads from column A with the organisations, responsible for their construction and maintenance from column B:, Column A (Types of Road ), , Column B (Organisation), , (a) Super Highways, , (i) Zila Parishad, , (b) National Highways, (c) State Highways, , (ii) State Public Works Department, (iii) Central Public Works Department, , (d) District Roads, , (iv) National Highway Authority of India, , A., B., C., D., , (a)-iii,(b)-iv,(c)-ii,(d)-i, (a)-iii(b)-ii(c)-iv,(d)-i, (a)-iv,(b)-i(c)-ii,(d)-iii, (a)-iv,(b)-iii,(c)-ii,(d)-i, , Q10: …………….. is the extreme south-western port located at the entrance, of a lagoon with a natural harbour., A., B., C., D., , Kochi, Kolkata, Haldia, Tuticorin, , ASSERTION AND REASONING, , Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)., Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)., (A) is correct but (R) is wrong., (A) is wrong but (R) is correct, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , A., B., C., D., , 85, , DIRECTION: Mark the option which is most suitable
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Q11: ASSERTION (A): No country can survive without international, trade., REASON (R): Resources are not space bound., Q12: ASSERTION (A): Road transportation in India faces a number of, problems., REASON (R): Roads are unmetalled, their network is adequate., , Q13: ASSERTION (A):Transport and communications are called lifeline, of our economy., REASON (R): transport and communications do not help in easy, movement of goods and materials between countries., Q14: ASSERTION (A): Waterways are the cheapest means of transport., REASON (R): It is a fuel-efficient and environment friendly mode of, transport., Q15: ASSERTION (A): Mass communication promotes national, integration and provides entertainment., REASON (R): It strengthens democracy in the country by providing, news to the masses. They feel attached to the country and a feeling of, Nationalism arises in them., , CASE STUDY QUESTIONS, 16. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:, Since the ancient period, India was one of the seafaring countries. Its seamen, sailed far and near, thus, carrying and spreading Indian commerce and, culture. Waterways are the cheapest means of transport. They are most, suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods. It is a fuel-efficient and, environment friendly mode of transport. India has inland navigation, waterways of 14,500 km in length. Out of these only 5685 km are navigable, by mechanised vessels., , •, •, , The Ganga River between Allahabad and Haldia (1620 km)-N.W. No.1, The Brahmaputra river between Sadiya and Dhubri (891 km)-N.W., No.2, The West-Coast Canal in Kerala (Kottapuram-Kollam, Udyogamandal, and Champakkara canals-205 km) – N.W. No.3, Specified stretches of Godavari and Krishna rivers along with, Kakinada Puducherry stretch of canals (1078 km) – N.W. No.4, , Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , •, •, , 86, , The following waterways have been declared as the National Waterways by, the Government.
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16.1: The National Waterway No. 1 is navigable between which of the, following places?, A., B., C., D., , Between, Between, Between, Between, , Sadiya and Dhubri, Allahabad and Haldia, Kottapuram and Komman, Udyogamandal and Champakkara, , 16.2: Which of the following is the cheapest mode of transportation?, A., B., C., D., , Airways, Waterways, Roadways, Railways, , 16.3: Fill in the blank with an appropriate option:, …………………... channel covers Kerala., A., B., C., D., , West Coast Canal, East Coast Canal, North Coast Canal, South Coast Canal, , 16.4: Which of the following National Waterways is the longest, waterway?, A., B., C., D., , The Ganga River between Allahabad and Haldia, The Brahmaputra River between Sadiya and Dhubri, The West-Coast Canal, Specified stretches of Godavari and Krishna rivers along with, Kakinada Puducherry stretch of canals., , 16.5: Which is the most environment friendly mode of transport?, A., B., C., D., , Airways, Railways, Waterways, Land, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , Q17: Efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development.’, Express your views in favour of this statement., , 87, , SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
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Q18: How are the means of transport and communication complementary to, each other? Explain with three examples., Q19: What is the significance of the border roads?, Q20: What is the difference between personal communication and mass, communication?, Q21: What are the problems faced by Indian Railways?, Q22: What made the location of inland oil refineries possible? Name any two, inland oil refineries., Q23: Write merits of waterways in India., Q24: What are ‘Pawan Hans’ services? Write two purposes for which these, services are used., Q25: Define international trade. Why is it considered as economic barometer, of a country?, Q26: List any three merits of roadways., LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS:, Q27: Examine with examples the role of means of transport and, communication in making our life prosperous and comfortable., Q28: “Roadways still have an edge over railways in India”. Give reasons., Q29: Why do the movement of goods and services form one place to another, require fast and efficient means of transport? Explain with examples., Q30: Why is air travel more popular in the north eastern states of India?, Explain., Q31: “Railways are the principal mode of transportation in India.” Explain., Q32: Describe the significance of tourism as a trade in India., Q33: What are the problems faced by road transportation in India?, Q34: Excessive use of road transportation is the main reason for ever, increasing pollution which is very damaging for health. How according to, you, this can be controlled?, , Page, , Q36: What are the advantages of pipeline transportation?, , 88, , Q35: Why is the distribution of roads not uniform in India? Explain with, examples., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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ANSWER KEY, MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS, , Q.NO, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, , ANS, C, C, A, B, C, A, B, B, D, A, , ASSERTION AND REASONING, Explanation, , 1, , C, , Resources are space bound and thus a, country has to import and export, resources to be able to fulfil their needs., , 2, , A, , Density of all roads varies, keeping in view, the volume of traffic and passengers, the, road network is inadequate, they are, unmetalled and unfit for use., , 3, , C, , Transport and communication are called, lifeline of our economy as they reduce, distances, brings people close to another, by promoting interdependence among, themselves and mainly helps in trade and, commerce within the country., , 4, , A, , The cheapest means of transport for a long, distance is Waterways. The amount for, loading and unloading goods is much, cheaper if it has to travel a long distance., , 5, , A, , Mass communication provides, entertainment and helps in creates, awareness among people., , 91, , ANS, , Page, , Q.NO, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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CASE STUDY QUESTIONS, , Q.NO, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 16.5, , ANS, B, C, A, A, C, , SHORT ANSWER QUESTION, Q17:, •, •, •, •, , The movement of goods and services from the supply location to, demand locations necessitates the need for transport., It widens the market for goods., It allows distant and remote areas to be linked with urban and, developed, regions., The development and improvement of transport have made the delivery, of goods faster across long distances and thus reduced cost., Immediate relief during the war, natural calamity, famine or flood can, be easily accessed through efficient means of transport., , Q18:, •, •, •, •, , Transport and communication provide basic infrastructure for each, other to carry on their process., They create possibilities for investment to upgrade and expand their, services., Communication has widened the horizons of trade far and wide., Transport had limited access earlier. With the advancement of science, and technology the world has converted into a large village., Communication has widened the scope of transportation even in the, remote areas, , •, •, , The Border Roads are vital road link along the frontiers of our country., These roads are of strategic importance., These roads have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain, mainly in the northern and north eastern border areas., They have played a major role in the economic development of these, areas., These roads are constructed and maintained by the Border Roads, Organization (a government of India undertaking) which was, established in 1960., , Q20: Personal Communication:, STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , •, •, •, , 92, , Q19:
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1. It's the communication between person to person., 2. It provides necessary communication between two people making man, a social animal., 3. 3. We have letters, e-mails, SMSs, telephone and mobile phone facilities, which also includes STD and ISD services., Mass Communication:, 1. It's the communication among masses., 2. It provides entertainment as well as creates awareness among the, masses., 3. It includes radio, television, newspapers, magazines, books, films, etc., Q 21:, •, •, , Thefts and damaging of railway property by miscreants., People stop the trains and pull chains unnecessarily that causes heavy, damage to the railways and also causes delays, , Q 22:, •, •, , Location of inland oil refineries was made possible because of pipeline, transportation which links them with oilfields., Inland oil refineries are:, 1.Barauni, 2.Mathura, 3. Panipat, , Q23:, •, •, •, , Waterways are a fuel efficient and environment friendly mode of, transport., They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods., India’s trade with foreign countries is carried from the ports located, along the coast, and more than 95% of the country’s trade volume is, moved by the sea., , Q. 24:, , Oil and Natural Gas Commission (ONGC) in its offshore operations., Inaccessible areas and difficult terrains like the north-eastern states,, the interior parts of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and, Uttarakhand., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , •, •, , 93, , The Pawan Hans Helicopter Ltd., a public sector undertaking, provides, helicopter services to:
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•, , They are also pressed into service at the time of emergencies and for, providing relief measures at the time of natural calamities., , Q25:, •, •, •, , It is very important for the development of a country. Advancement of, international trade of a country is an index to its economic prosperity., As the resources are space bound no country can survive without, international trade., It enables a country to earn foreign exchange which is needed to import, essential goods. It is therefore considered the economic barometer for a, country, , Q26:, •, •, •, •, , The construction cost of roads is much lower than that of railway, lines., Road transport is economical in the transportation of a few persons, and a relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances., Roads can traverse comparatively more dissected and undulating, topography., Roads offer door to door convenience unlike other modes of transport., , LONG ANSWER QUESTION :, , •, •, , •, •, , Means of transport provide seamless movement of goods and people, and thus facilitate various economic activities., Means of communication help in flow of information which is necessary, for proper management of supply chain and financial transactions., Various means of transport and communication have reduced, distances, bringing the world closer. Modern life is so complex that one, has to depend on others. The same is true of the countries as well. No, country today can prosper without the co-operation and assistance of, others. This requires movement of goods and materials between, countries. Trade provides us with our necessities and also adds to the, amenities and comfort of our life., Transport like railways help us in conducting various activities like, business, sightseeing, pilgrimage and transportation of goods over, longer distances., Water provides the cheapest means of transport and is useful for, international trade. Air transport provides the fastest, most comfortable, mode of transport. Pipelines are used for transporting crude oil and, natural gas to refineries and factories., , 28:, •, , Construction of roads is easier and cheaper as compared to railways., STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , •, , 94, , Q27:
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•, , •, , •, •, •, , Roads provide door to door service; thus, the cost of loading and, unloading is much lower as compared to railways which generally leave, the people and goods at the destined railway stations., Roads can negotiate higher gradients of slope and, as such, can traverse, through mountainous terrain. But railways cannot negotiate steep, gradients., Road transport is economical in transportation of few persons and, relatively smaller amount of goods over short distances., Road transport is also used as a feeder to other modes of transport., They provide links between railway stations, airports and sea ports., They link agricultural farms with markets and industries, thus linking, rural and urban areas, , Q29:, •, , •, , •, •, •, •, •, •, , Because of transport raw materials reach the factory and finished, products reach to the consumer. The pace of development of a country, depends upon the production of goods and services as well as their, movement over space., Good transport helps in quick carrying of raw materials from remote, areas to the production centre and allows distribution of goods, efficiently., Transport helps in the development of communication, Transport like railways helps us in conducting various activities like, business, sightseeing, pilgrimages, etc., Pipelines are used for transporting crude oil and natural gas to, refineries and factories., Water provides the cheapest means of transport and is useful for, international trade., Air transport provides the fastest, most comfortable mode of transport., Thus, it is clear that there are many advantages of transportation and, communication. These means help in the development of the country., So they are rightly called the lifelines of a nation and its economy., , •, •, •, •, , North eastern part of the country is marked with the presence of big, rivers where other means of transport cannot be laid., It is marked with dissected relief that makes it impossible to access the, area through other means of transport other than air., The entire area is covered with dense forest that resists land movement., This area is often hit by frequent floods. Air travel is thus required., It has a long international frontier that requires a quick response which, is possible only through air transport., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , •, , 95, , Q30:
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Q31:, •, •, , •, •, •, , Railways are the principal mode of transportation for freight and, passengers., The Indian Railways have a network of 7,031 stations, 7,817, locomotives, 5,321 passenger service vehicles, 4,904 other coach, vehicles and 228,170 wagons as on 31st March, 2004., The total length of railways is 63,221 km., Railways are useful in conducting business, sightseeing, pilgrimage, along with transportation of goods over longer distances., It is the largest public undertaking in the country. Thus, it is clear that, the railways are playing an important role in our economy., , Q32:, •, •, •, •, •, •, •, , Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades., Foreign tourist’s arrival has witnessed an increase, thus contributing, to foreign exchange., More than 15 million people are directly engaged in the tourism, industry., It provides support to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits., Tourism also promotes national integration., It helps in development of international understanding about our, culture and heritage., Foreign tourists visit India for heritage tourism, eco-tourism, adventure, tourism, cultural tourism, medical and business tourism., , Q33:, •, •, •, •, •, , The road network is inadequate in proportion to the volume of traffic, and passengers., About half of the roads are unmetalled which makes them useless, during rainy season., The National Highways are inadequate and lack roadside amenities., The roadways are highly congested in cities., Most of the bridges and culverts are old and narrow., , Regular monitoring of pollution check of vehicles., Ban on old commercial vehicles driven on conventional fuels., Promoting use of bicycle., Making more use and availability of CNG, More use of public vehicles instead of private vehicles., , Page, , •, •, •, •, •, , 96, , Q34:, , Q35:, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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•, •, •, •, , •, , Distribution of roads is not uniform in India due to different types of, geographical features., Moreover, the volume of traffic as well as passengers also affects road, networking in India., Roads are highly congested in cities. Most of the bridges and culverts, have become narrow, old and broken., Some roads are metalled, that is well built with brick and cement and, about half of the roads are unmetalled specially in rural areas which, makes them inaccessible during rainy seasons., The regions with rugged terrain have steep roads with lots of hairpin, bend, , Q36:, , •, •, •, , ……………….oOo……………, , 97, , •, , Pipelines can transport liquids, gases and solids (in slurry form) to, any distance., Pipelines are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and, natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer, factories and big thermal power plants., Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs, are minimal., It reduces trans-shipment losses and delays., They can be laid in any terrain and even through the water-bodies., , Page, , •, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 98, Page, , Democratic Politics - II
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POLITICAL PARTIES, SUMMARY, A Political party is a group of people who come together to contest, elections and hold power in the government., A Political party has three components, 1) The Leaders, 2) The Active citizens, 3) The Followers, FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES, 1) Parties contest elections, 2) Voters choose from different policies and programs put forward by, parties., 3) Parties play a decisive role in making laws., 4) Parties form and run government., 5) Parties that loose elections play the role of opposition to the parties, in power., 6) Parties shape public opinion., 7) Parties provide people access to government machinery and welfare, schemes implemented by government., ➢ SITUATION WITHOUT POLITICAL PARTIES, •, •, , No one will be responsible for how the country will be run., The government will be formed but its utility will remain, uncertain., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES, There are country-wide parties called national parties., Every party in the country has to register with the election, commission- called registered political parties., , 99, , HOW MANY PARTIES SHOULD WE HAVE?, It will depend upon the social and geographical diversity of a country., For e.g.:- India has a multiparty system in which more than 750, parties are registered with the election commission., ONE PARTY SYSTEM is a system in which only one party is allowed, to control and run the government, e.g.:- China, TWO PARTY SYSTEM is a system in which two parties compete to run, the government., e.g.:- USA, UK, MULTI-PARTY SYSTEM is a system in which various parties come, together for running the government in a coalition., e.g.:- India
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A party which secure at least 6% of the total votes in an election to the, legislative assembly of a state and win at least 2 seats is recognized as, a State party and a party which secure at least 6% of the total votes in, Lok sabha elections or Assembly election in four states and wins at, least 4 seats in the lok sabha is recognized as a National party., There are 8 national recognized parties in the country in 2020. They, are, 1.Indian National Congress(INC), 2.Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP), 3.Bahujan Samaj Party(BSP), 4.Communist Party of India(CPI), 5.Communist Party of India- Marxist(CPI-M), 6.National Congress Party(NCP), 7.All India Trinamool Congress(AITC), 8.National people’s party(NPP), , Page, , CHALLENGES TO POLITICAL PARTIES, ➢ Lack of internal democracy, ➢ Dynastic succession, ➢ Money and muscle power, ➢ No meaningful choice to the voters., HOW CAN PARTIES BE REFORMED?, Efforts made in India to reform political parties and its leaders:, Constitution was amended to prevent defection, affidavits were, implemented,, political parties to hold their organisational elections and file their, income tax returns., SUGGESTIONS ARE MADE TO REFORM POLITICAL PARTIES:, Regulation of party’s internal affairs, State funding of election, Pressure of public opinion, Ensure women participation, , 100, , STATE PARTIES, These are commonly referred to as regional parties. Since 1996,, nearly every one of the state parties has got an opportunity to be a, part off one or the other national level coalition government., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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Page, , 101, , CONCEPT MAPPING, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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102, Page, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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In countries like India, _________ choose candidates for, contesting elections., A. Top party leaders, B. Members of party, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 103, , 2, , Page, , 1, , MCQ TYPE QUESTIONS, What does the picture show?, A. Role of one party in America, B. Corporate America controls all major Institution of thecountry C., The party’s symbol is elephant, D .Multi-party system
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C. Supporters of party, D. Government officers, 3, , Berlusconi was the Prime Minister of ________. His company owns, TV channels, the most important publishing company, a football, club (AC Milan)., A. Italy, B. France, C. Poland, , 4, , D. Germany, Match list I with list II and select the correct answer using the, Code below in the lists, 1, 2, 3, 4, , List 1, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP):, Indian National Congress (INC):, Nationalist Congress Party (NCP), Communist Party of India Marxist (CPI-M), A., B., C., D., , List 2, a.1964, b. 1980, c.1885, d. : 1999, , 1.b, 2.c, 3. d ,4. a, 1.c, 2.b, 3. d ,4. a, 1.c, 2.a, 3. b ,4. d, 1.b, 2.c, 3. a ,4. D, , Which of the following challenges to political party is depicted in, this cartoon?, A. Meaningful choice to the voters, B. Dynastic succession, C. Money and muscle power, D. Lack of internal democracy, , 6, , How many numbers of parties are registered with The Election, Commission of India?, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 104, , 5
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A. 7100 Parties, B. Less than 750 parties, C. 700 parties, D. More than 750 parties, 7, , What is the meaning of ‘Alliance’.?, A. Two parties together form the government., B. Leftist and Rightist together form the government., C. When state and national parties together form the government., , D. When several parties in a multiparty system join for the purpose of contesting e, and winning power, 8, , 8. Which of these is a National Party?, A. INC, B. CPI, C. BJP, D. All of these, , 9, , Match list I with list II and select the correct answer using the, Code below in the lists, List 1, List II, a. Congress party, b. Bharatiya Janata party, c.Communist party of India, d.Telugana Rashtra Samiti, , 1.National Democratic, Alliance, 2.State party, 3.United Progressive, Alliance, 4.Left Front, , Countries having Bi-party system:, A India, B UK, C China, D None of these, ASSERTION AND REASON, Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion (A) and, Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option., Options, A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A., B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of, STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 10, , 105, , A . a3,b1,c2,d4, B . a3,b4,c1,d2, C .a 3,b1,c4, d2, D . a4,b3,c1,d2
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A, C. A is true but R is false., D. A is false but R is true, 1, , Assertion: It is mandatory for every candidate who contests, election to file an AFFIDAVIT ., Reason: The Supreme Court passed an order to reduce the, influence of money and criminals., , 2, , Assertion: Political parties are easily one of the most visible, institutions in a democracy., Reason: For most ordinary citizens, democracy is equal to, parties., , 3, , Assertion:- China doesn’t follow One party system, Reason:-, , 4, , political, , In China only the communist party is allowed to rule, , Assertion A : Only those parties that are recognised as national, parties can contest in elections for Parliament, Reason R : Every party in the country has to register with the, Election Commission., , 5, , Assertion: India has evolved a multiparty system ., , Now, it is mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file, an AFFIDAVIT giving details of his property and criminal cases pending, against him. The new system has made a lot of information available, to the public. But there is no system of check if the information given, by the candidates is true. As yet we do not know if it has led to decline, in the influence of the rich and the criminals., The Election Commission passed an order making it necessary for, political parties to hold their organisational elections and file their, income tax returns. The parties have started doing so but sometimes, it is mere formality. It is not clear if this step has led to greater internal, democracy in political parties. Besides these, many suggestions are, often made to reform political parties: A law should be made to regulate, the internal affairs of political parties. It should be made compulsory, for political parties to maintain a register of its members, to follow its, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 1, , 106, , Reason: It is because the social and geographical diversity in such a, large country is not easily absorbed by two or even three parties, CASE BASED QUESTIONS
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own constitution, to have an independent authority, to act as a judge, in case of party disputes, to hold open elections to the highest posts., It should be made mandatory for political parties to give a minimum, number of tickets, about one-third, to women candidates. Similarly,, there should be a quota for women in the decision making bodies of, the party., 1.It should be made mandatory for political parties to give a, minimum number of tickets, about one-third, to ------ candidates., A .Dalits, B Women, C .Youths, D. All the above, 2.Who appoints the Chief Election Commissioner of India?, A. Prime Minister, B Governor, C. President, D. None of these, 3. , There were --------- recognised national parties in the country, in 2019., A. 7, B6, C 10, D5, , Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP): Founded in 1980 by reviving the, erstwhile Bharatiya Jana Sangh, formed by Syama Prasad Mukherjee, in 1951. Wants to build a strong and modern India by drawing, inspiration from India’s ancient culture and values; and Deendayal, Upadhyaya’s ideas of integral humanism and Antyodaya. Cultural, nationalism (or ‘Hindutva’) is an important element in its conception of, Indian nationhood and politics, Indian National Congress (INC):, Popularly known as the Congress Party. One of the oldest parties of the, world. Founded in 1885 and has experienced many splits. Played a, dominant role in Indian politics at the national and state level for, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 2, , 107, , 4. A signed document submitted to an officer, where a person, makes a sworn statement regarding her personal information is, known as------A Defection, B Affidavit, C Partisan, D Pledge
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several decades after India’s Independence . centrist party (neither, rightist nor leftist) in its ideological orientation, the party espouses, secularism and welfare of weaker sections and minorities . Nationalist, Congress Party (NCP): Formed in 1999 following a split in the Congress, party . Espouses democracy, Gandhian secularism, equity, social, justice and federalism. Wants that high offices in government be, confined to natural born citizens of the country. A major party in, Maharashtra and has a significant presence in Meghalaya, Manipur, and Assam. A coalition partner in the state of Maharashtra in alliance, with the Congress . Since 2004, a member of the United Progressive, Alliance, 1.Which party supports Gandhian secularism?, A. INC, B.NCP, C.CPI, D.BSP, 2.-------- Political party wants to build a strong and modern India, by drawing inspiration from India’s ancient culture and values, A NCP, B.BJP, C.INC, D.AITC, 3----- political party espouses secularism and welfare of weaker, sections and minorities, A NCP, B.BJP, C.INC, D.AITC, , Democracies that follow a federal system all over the world tend to have, two kinds of political parties: parties that are present in only one of the, federal units and parties that are present in several or all units of the, federation. This is the case in India as well. There are some, countrywide parties, which are called ‘national parties’. These parties, have their units in various states. But by and large, all these units, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 3, , 108, , 4.------believes in Marxism-Leninism, secularism and democracy., Opposed to the forces of secessionism and communalism., A NCP, B.BJP, C.INC, D.CPI
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follow the same policies, programmes and strategy that is decided at, the national level. Every party in the country has to register with the, Election Commission. While the Commission treats all parties equally,, it offers some special facilities to large and established parties. These, parties are given a unique symbol – only the official candidates of that, party can use that election symbol. Parties that get this privilege and, some other special facilities are ‘recognised’ by the Election, Commission for this purpose. That is why these parties are called,, ‘recognised political parties’. The Election Commission has laid down, detailed criteria of the proportion of votes and seats that a party must, get in order to be a recognised party. A party that secures at least six, per cent of the total votes in an election to the Legislative Assembly of, a State and wins at least two seats is recognised as a State party. A, party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in Lok Sabha, elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at least four, seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party., 1.A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in, an election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at, least two seats is recognised as a ------A . Multi-party, B. Two -party, C. One -party, D. None of these, 2. What is the full form of UPA?, a) United progressive alliance, b)Unique public alliance, c)United public alliance, d)Unique progressive alliance, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 4. Which of the following is a National party?, A. Sikkim Democratic Front, B.CPI-M, C DMK, D.Kerala Congress, , 109, , 3.Countrywide parties are called ---------A State party, B Regional party, C National party, D All the above
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STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 110, , The inspiration behind the following imaginary narrative is Shri Kishen, Patnaik (1930–2004), also known as Kishenji. He was elected as a, Member of Parliament from Sambalpur, Odisha in 1962. What did, Kishenji mean by an alternative political formation? The question came, up in a conversation between Sudha, Karuna, Shaheen and Gracy. All, four women had led very powerful people’s movements in different, parts of the country. They were meeting in a village in Odisha, away, from their day-to-day struggles, to think afresh the future of people’s, movements. The discussion naturally turned to Kishenji, who was, regarded as a friend, political philosopher and moral guide by all the, movement groups in the country. He had argued that people’s, movement should embrace politics openly. His argument was simple, yet powerful. Movements focused on a single issue are suitable as long, as we wish to achieve limited changes in a particular aspect of life. But, if we wish to bring about a fundamental social transformation, or basic, change even in one aspect of life, we would need a political, organisation. People’s movement must establish a new political, formation to act as a moral force in politics. This was an urgent task,, he said, because all the existing political parties had become irrelevant, for social transformation. “But Kishenji never clarified what that, organisation will be. He talked of an alternative political formation or a, third force in politics. But did he mean a political party?” said Gracy., She felt that an old style political party was not the right instrument, for social change. Sudha agreed with her. “I have thought about it, several times. I agree that all the struggles that we are involved with –, the struggle against displacement, against globalisation, against caste, and gender oppression and for an alternative kind of development – all, this is political. But the moment we form a party, all the goodwill we, have earned all these years will be lost. People will think of us as no, different from other politicians.” “Besides”, added Karuna, “we have, seen that a lot can be achieved by putting pressure on the existing, political parties. We tried putting up candidates in panchayat elections,, but the results were not very encouraging. People respect our work,, they even adore us, but when it comes to voting they go for the, established political parties.” Shaheen did not agree with them: “Let us, be very clear. Kishenji wanted all the people’s movements to forge a, new political party. Of course he wanted this party to be a different, kind of a party. He was not for political alternatives, but for an, alternative kind of politics.”, 1.Who was Kishen Patnaik?, A Member of Legislative assembly from Sambalpur,Odish in1962, B Member of Parliament from Sambalpur, Odisha in 1962, C Member of legislative council from Sambalpur, Odisha in 1962, , Page, , 4
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D Member of Parliament from Sambalpur, Odisha in 1982, 2.Who were the main activists of this conversation?, A Sudha, Karuna, Shaheen and Mary, B Sudha, Kavya, Shaheen and Gracy, C Sudha, Karuna, Shaheen and Gracy, D Sudha, Kavery, Shaheen and Gracy, 3.All four women had led very powerful people’s ------- in different, parts of the country, A Movements, B. Political parties, C .Clubs, E.Organizations, , Other than these seven parties, most of the major parties of the country, are classified by the Election Commission as ‘State parties’. These are, commonly referred to as regional parties. Yet these parties need not be, regional in their ideology or outlook. Some of these parties are all India, parties that happen to have succeeded only in some states . Parties like, the Samajwadi Party and Rashtriya Janata Dal have national level, political organisation with units in several states. Some of these parties, like Biju Janata Dal, Sikkim Democratic Front, Mizo National Front, and Telangana Rashtra Samithi are conscious about their State, identity. Over the last three decades, the number and strength of these, parties has expanded. This made the Parliament of India politically, more and more diverse. No one national party is able to secure on its, own a majority in the Lok Sabha, until 2014. As a result, the national, parties are compelled to form alliances with State parties . Since 1996,, nearly every one of the State parties has got an opportunity to be a part, of one or the other national level coalition government. This has, contributed to the strengthening of federalism and democracy in our, country., 1.Which of the following facilities is offered by the, Election Commission to a recognised political party?, A. Party name, B Land, C. Election funds, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 5, , 111, , 4.What is the full form of NDA?, A. National Department Alliance, B National Dictator Alliance, C National Democratic Alliance, D National Director Alliance
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D .Unique symbol, 2. Biju Janata Dal is a political party of---A Punjab, B Odisha, C Bihar, D None of these, 3.When was the Rashtriya Janata Dal formed?, A.1998, B 1995, C 1993, D 1990, 4.State political parties are also known as, A. National parties, B . Regional parties, C. Alliance parties, D. None of these, , 4, 5, , Why political parties are a necessary condition for a democracy?, What you mean by partisan?, What are the two ways of carrying out political reforms in a, democratic country?, Give the reason why a multiparty system has evolved in India., What do you understand by a ‘recognised party’?, , 6, , What is defection? Why do MLAs and MPs commit defection?, , 7, , How is dynastic succession related to lack of internal democracy, in political parties?, , 8, , Describe the Three Types of Party Systems, , 9, , What is bi-party system?, , 10, , “No party system is ideal for all countries and in all situations.”, Justify the statement ., , Page, , 1, 2, 3, , 112, , 2 MARKS QUESTIONS, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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3 MARKS QUESTIONS, 1, What is a multi-party system? Why has India adopted a multi-party, system? Explain., , 7, 8, , 9, 10, 11, , 1, 2, 3, 4, , 5, 6, , Describe the three components of a political party, Describe the various party system existing in various countries., Distinguish between Regional party (State) and National party, In what way is an alliance different from a coalition government?, Political parties play major role in democracy. Explain any three, points to justify this statement., What are the three main functions of the Ruling party?, What is main difference between a pressure group and a political, party?, , Why do political parties involve partisanship?, Dynastic succession is one of the most serious challenges before the, political parties.” Analyse the statement., Examine the role of opposition parties in a Democracy., , 5 MARKS QUESTIONS, State the various functions that Political parties perform in a, democracy., What are the various challenges faced by political parties?, Lack of internal democracy within parties is a major challenge to, political parties allover the world. How far do you agree with it?, Elucidate some of the recent efforts taken in our country to reform, political parties and its leaders., Name the national party which was formed under the leader ship of, Kanshi Ram . Mention any four features of that party., What is a political party? Suggest and explain any four measures to, reform political parties., ‘Modern democracies cannot exist without political parties.’ Examine, the statement., , 8, , What is one-party system? What are its merits and demerits, , Page, , 7, , 113, , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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9, 10, , “Increase in the number of states or regional parties strengthened, democracy in India.” Comment, “The growing role of money and muscle power is a major challenge in, India.” Explain., , POLITICAL PARTIES, ANSWER KEY, MCQ, 1, , B. Corporate America controls all major Institution of the country, , 2, , A. Top party leaders, , 3, , A. Italy, , 4, , E. 1.b, 2.c, 3. d ,4. a, , 5, , C. Money and muscle power, , 6, , D. More than 750 parties, , 7, , D. When several parties in a multiparty system join for the purpose, , 8, 9, , of contesting election and winning power, D. All of these, C .a 3,b1,c4, d2, , 3, 4, , A. If you travel to remote parts of our country and speak to the less, educated citizens, you could come across people who may not, know anything about our Constitution or about the nature of our, government. But chances are there that they would know, something about our political parties ., D .Chine has a One party system and only Communist party is, allowed to rule., D .Not only National parties other parties and independent, candidates also can contest for the parliament, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 2, , 114, , 10 B.UK, ASSERTION AND REASON, 1, A .It is Mandatory for every candidate who contests elections to file, an Affidavit because the Supreme Court made it mandatory to file, an Affidavit to reduce the influence of money and criminals in, election., So Both assertion and Reason are true and reason is the Correct, explanation of Assertion
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5, , 1, , A. India has evolved a multiparty system because of the social and, geographical diversity of country., CASE STUDIES, 1.B Women, 2. C. President, 3 A. 7, 4. B Affidavit, , 2, , 1, 2, 3, 4, , B.NCP, B.BJP, C.INC, D.CPI, , 3, , 1, 2, 3, 4, , D. None of these, A. United progressive alliance, C. National party, B.CPI-M, , 4, , 1 B Member of Parliament from Sambalpur, Odisha in 1962, 2 C Sudha, Karuna, Shaheen and Gracy, 3 A . Movements, 4 C National Democratic Alliance, 1 D .Unique symbol, 2 B. Odisha, 3 A.1998, 4 B . Regional parties, , 5, , 1, 2, 3, , Political parties bring various representatives together to form a, responsible Government, Partisan: A person who is strongly committed to a party, group or, faction. Partisanship is marked by a tendency to take a side and, inability to take a balanced view on an issue, 1. By empowering people., 2. By spreading political awareness, , 6, , Defection: Changing party allegiance from the party on which a, person got elected (to a legislative body) to a different party, , 115, , 5, , It is because the social and geographical diversity in such a large, country is not easily absorbed by two or even three parties. No, system is ideal for all countries and all situations., A party that gets some privilege such as a unique symbol and, other special facilities is called a ‘recognised’ party by the Election, Commission., , Page, , 4, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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MLAs and MPs do this in order to become ministers or for cash, rewards., 7, , When there is a lack of internal democracy in a political party it, means that the power to make decisions on behalf of the party rest, with one or a few individuals., These individuals now have an unfair advantage to vest the power, to make decisions in people who are close to them or their family, members., , 8, , In some countries, only one party is allowed to control and run the, government. These are called one-party systems., , In some countries, power usually changes between two main, parties. Such a party system is called two-party system, If several parties compete for power, and more than two parties, have a reasonable chance of coming to power either on their own, strength or in alliance with others, we call it a multiparty system., 9, In countries, like USA and UK, power usually changes between two, main parties. It is bi-party system. Several other parties exist,, contest elections and win a few seats in the elections but only the, two main parties have a chance to form a government, 10 Parties are a necessary condition for a democracy. The rise of, political parties is directly linked to the emergence of, representative democracies., Party system is not something any country can choose. It evolves, depending on the nature of society, its social and regional divisions,, its history of politics and system of elections., Each country develops a party system that is conditioned by its, special circumstances, , A system in which a number of parties compete for power, and more, than two parties have a reasonable chance of coming to power either, on their own strength or in alliance with others, is called a, multiparty system. India is a multi-party system. In this system, the, government is formed by various parties coming together in a, coalition. When several parties in a multi-party system join hands, for the purpose of contesting elections and winning power, it is, called an alliance or a front. For example, in India there were three, major alliances in 2004 parliamentary elections—the National, Democratic Alliance, the United Progressive Alliance and the Left, Front., This system on one hand leads to political instability but at the same, time, allows for a variety of interests and opinions to enjoy political, representation. Each country develops a party system that is, suitable for its special circumstances. India has evolved as a multiparty system because its social and geographical diversity cannot be, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 1, , 116, , 3MARKS
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Components of a political party are:, The leaders,, The active members, The followers., , 3, , 1.In some countries, only one party is allowed to control and run, the government. These are called ONE-PARTY systems.eg China, 2.In some countries, power usually changes between two main, parties. Such a party system is called TWO-PARTY system. The, United States of America and the United Kingdom are examples of, two-party system, 3.MULTIPARTY SYSTEM(several parties) eg India, , 4, , STATE PARTY., A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in an, election to the Legislative Assembly of a State and wins at least two, seats is recognised as a State party., NATIONAL PARTY ., A party that secures at least six per cent of the total votes in Lok, Sabha elections or Assembly elections in four States and wins at, least four seats in the Lok Sabha is recognised as a national party., ALLIANCE, When several parties in a multi-party system join hands for the, purpose of contesting elections and winning power, it is called an, alliance or a front., COALITION., When no single party gets a clear majority in the election and the, government is formed by various parties coming together, it is called, a coalition., , 5, , 6, , 7, , 8, , .Parties contest elections, 2 Parties put forward different policies and programmes and the, voters choose from them., 3 Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country., 4 Parties form and run governments, 5 Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition, 6 Parties shape public opinion, 1.Ruling parties Play a major role in making laws for the country, 2. Form and run the Government, 3.Recruit and train the leaders, 4. make the ministers to run the government, A pressure group is an organized or unorganized body that seeks to, promote its interests., A political party is a body that seeks to attain political power by, contesting elections, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 2, , 117, , absorbed by two or three parties. Thus, such representation, strengthens, democracy., Multi-party, system, facilitates, representation of regional and geographical diversities.
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9, , Partisanship is marked by a tendency to take a side and inability to, take a balanced view on an issue. Parties reflect fundamental, political divisions in a society. Parties are a part of the society and, they involve partisanship., 10 Most political parties do not practise open and transparent, procedures for their functioning. So there are very few ways for an, ordinary worker to rise to the top in a party. Those who happen to, be the leaders are in a position of unfair advantage as they favour, people close to them or even their family members. In many parties, we see a trend of dynastic succession. The top positions are always, controlled by members of a particular family, which is unfair to other, members of the party, and bad for democracy. This is so because, people who do not have adequate experience or popular support, come to occupy positions of power., More than loyalty to party principles and policies, personal loyalty, to the leader becomes more important. This tendency is seen all over, the world, even in older democracies., , 11 Opposition parties play an important role in democracies., 1. They ensures political party in power does not misuse or abuse, its power;, 2. They expose the weaknesses of the ruling party;, , 3, , The power is concentrated in one or few leaders at the top, parties do not keep membership registers, parties do not hold organizational meetings, they do not conduct internal elections regularly, ordinary members do not get sufficient information on what, happens inside the, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 118, , 2, , Page, , 1, , 3.They also keep a close vigil on the bills and expenditure of the, government, 5 MARKS, 1.Parties contest elections, 2 Parties put forward different policies and programmes and the, voters choose from them., 3 Parties play a decisive role in making laws for a country., 4 Parties form and run governments, 5 Those parties that lose in the elections play the role of opposition, 6 Parties shape public opinion., 7 Parties provide people access to government machinery and, welfare schemes implemented by governments, 1. Lack of internal democracy within parties, 2. Dynastic succession., 3. Growing role of money and muscle power in parties,, 4.Lack of meaningful choice to the voters
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party., 4, , 5, , Constitution was amended to stop defection., Supreme Court passed an order to submit an affidavit giving details, of candidates property details and criminal cases pending against, him., The Election Commission made it mandatory for political parties to, hold, organisational elections and file their income tax returns., One third seats are reserved for women in local self- government, 1.Kanshi Ram formed Bahujan Samaj (BSP) party in 1984 for the, welfare of bahujan samaj which included dalits, adivasis, OBCs, and religious minorities,, 2.It was inspired from the ideas and teachings of Sahu Maharaj,, Mahatma Phule, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar and others., 3.It has main base in UP, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,, Uttarakhand, Delhi and Punjab., 4. Stands for the cause of securing the interests and welfare of the, dalits and oppressed people, 5.It has formed government in UP several times with the help of, other parties,, , 6, A political party is a group of people who come together to, contest elections and hold power in the government., , •, , •, , •, , Regulation of party’s internal affairs: A law should, be made to regulate the internal affairs of political, parties. It should be made compulsory for, political parties to maintain a register of their, members, to follow their own constitution, to have, an independent authority, etc., State funding: There should be state funding of, elections. The government should give money to, parties to support their election expenses to avoid, corruption., Pressure of public opinion: Political parties can be, reformed if people put pressure on them. This can, be done through petitions, propaganda and, agitations. Pressure groups and media play an, important role in it., Ensure women participation: It should be made, mandatory for all political parties to allot onethird of the tickets to women to ensure their, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , •, , 119, , The following reforms could be suggested in order to, strengthen parties so that they perform their functions well.
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decisive voice in decision making. If the abovementioned suggestions are taken into, consideration, it can be ensured that these could, lead to some improvement in the working of the, political parties., 7, , In a democratic set-up, political parties are required because, without political parties:, •, , •, •, •, •, , 8, , Every candidate in the elections will be independent. No, promises could be made and the utility of the, government formed will remain uncertain., No one will be responsible for running the country., Elected representatives will only be accountable to, their constituency, There will be no agency to gather and present different, views on various issues to the government., No one will be responsible for bringing various, representatives together so as to form a responsible, government. No mechanism to support the government,, make policies and justify or oppose them, , In some countries only one-party is allowed to control and run the, government. These are called one-party system. For example, in, China only the Communist Party is allowed to rule., Merits:, , 9, , India is federal country and the powers of the Government are, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 1. There is no freedom of expression. No one can speak, against the party., 2. Democracy is eroded and one-party dictatorship is, established., 3. There is no respect for the views of different classes and, interests., 4. The administration becomes irresponsible due to lack of, criticism and opposition., Political and social freedoms are crushed. This hinders the, development of the personality, , 120, , 1. It helps in the establishment of stable governments., 2. It helps in the fast development of the country as there, are no conflicts among the classes., 3. The administration becomes efficient as the powers are, concentrated in the hands of party leaders., 4. There is unity and discipline in the country., 5. Time is not wasted in unnecessary criticism and, propaganda., Demerits:
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divided into different levels. Decentralization of power means, expansion of democracy. If the number of state or regional parties is, increasing it means the people of our country are becoming more, aware and they are not happy with the working of existing political, parties. In these days regional parties have a say in political policies, as they win elections in their states. The national political parties, have to take help of the regional parties to win the elections or to, form the government. The rise of coalition governments broadened, the concept of popular participation. It also strengthens the federal, system of the democracy., 1.Since parties are focussed only on winning elections, they tend to, use short-cuts to win elections., 2.They tend to nominate those candidates who have or can raise lots, of money., 3. Rich people and companies who give funds to the parties tend to, have influence on the policies and decisions of the party., , 121, , 4.In some cases, parties support criminals who can win elections., 5. Democrats all over the world are worried about the increasing role, of rich people and big companies in democratic politics, , Page, , 10, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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POLITICAL SCIENCE, CHAPTER 7, OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY, , OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY, POLITICAL, OUTCOME, Accountable,, Responsive, and, Legitimate, government, , ECONOMIC OUTCOME, Economic, growth and, development, , Reduction of, inequality and, poverty, , SOCIAL OUTCOME, Accommodat, ion of social, diversity, , Dignity and, freedom of the, citizens, , But if we want to know the real success of a democratic government we have, to examine the outcomes of democracy. These outcomes are the following., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , Democracy is a form of government where the leaders are elected by the people, and elected leaders take major decision. Democracy is considered to be a, better form of government because it promotes equality among citizens,, enhances the dignity of the individuals, improves the quality of decision, making, provides a method to resolve conflicts and allows room to correct, mistakes., , 122, , SUMMARY
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1. POLITICAL OUTCOME, A. Accountable, responsive and legitimate government:, Unlike other forms of governments, democratic governments are more, accountable and responsive since they are elected by the people for a, period of 4 or 5 years. In a democracy governments are through a regular,, free and fair elections, Laws are made and executed with proper, procedures and discussions. Hence it is transparent and legitimate., 2. ECONOMIC OUTCOME, A. Economic growth and development:, In practice many democracies did not fulfil this expectation., Dictatorships have slightly higher rate of economic growth than, democracies in the last fifty years. But economic growth depends on, various factors like the size of the population of the country, global, situation, cooperation from other countries and priorities adopted by the, country., B. Reduction of inequality and poverty:, Democracies are based on political equality. All individuals have one, vote with one value in electing representatives. Parallel to this political, equality we find growing economic inequalities too., 3. SOCIAL OUTCOME, A. Accommodation of social diversity:, Democracy helps its citizens to lead a peaceful and harmonious life, by accommodating various social divisions. Democracy evolves, mechanisms to negotiate the differences between various communities, and castes., B. Dignity and freedom of the citizens:, Democracy stands much superior in promoting dignity and freedom of, the individual. The passion for respect and freedom are the basis of, democracy., Democracy- its examination never gets over. As democracy passes one test, it, produces another test. People constantly demand more benefits in a, democracy., , 2, , Democracy is considered as a better form of government because, A. It ensures economic development., B. It guarantees economic equality, C. It provides a method to resolve conflict., D. Option A and B, Identify the correct statement about democracy., A. It is free from corruption, B. Democracy is free from social conflict., C. It is successful in eradicating poverty., D. It respects the individual dignity of citizens., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 1, , 123, , MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
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3, , 11. The given image shows the effect of democratic politics on social, differences. Which options are more appropriate in context of democracy?, A. Democracy suppresses internal social differences., B. Democracies lead to peaceful and harmonious life among, Citizens, C. Democracies accommodate various social divisions, D. Option B and C, 4, , A democratic government is elected by citizens and enjoys the confidence, and trust of the citizens. This is known as, A. A legitimate government,, B. A transparent government, C. A secular government, D. A stable government., , 5, Table 1, Rates of economic growth for different countries (1950-2000), Growth Rate, 3.95, 4.42, 4.34, , Read the given table carefully and select the correct statements from the, given options:, A. Dictatorial regimes have a slightly better record of economic growth., B. Democratic regimes have better economic growth., C. Poor countries under democracy have more economic growth., D. It is better to prefer dictatorship as it has better economic, development., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 124, , 4.28, , Page, , Type of regimes and countries, All democratic regimes, All dictatorial regimes, Poor countries under, dictatorship, Poor countries under democracy
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Choose the correctly matched pair from the following, A, , Pakistan, , B, , Bangladesh, , C, , Belgium, , D, , Sri Lanka, , A., B., C., D., , 8, , Study the given cartoon. Select the incorrect statements from the, given options:, Half of the people in the world are poor and they possess very less, resources., People in several poor countries are now dependent on the rich, countries even for food supplies., In actual life, democracies do not appear to be very successful in, reducing economic inequalities, 2% of the poor people possess 50% resources of the world., , ‘Equal treatment of women is a necessary ingredient of a democratic, society. This means that:, A. Most societies across the world are now increasingly women, dominated, B. Women are actually always treated with respect., C. It is now easier for women to legally wage struggle for their rights, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 125, , 7, , Democracy is preferred, over dictatorship, More than half of its population lives in, poverty, Has failed in negotiating differences among, ethnic populations, Here majority worked with the minority to, produce a harmonious social life, , Page, , 6
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11, , 12, , 13, , 14, , ASSERTION AND REASON TYPE QUESTIONS, In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion, (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct code., Assertion (A): Democracies are based on political equality., Reason (R): All individuals have equal weight in electing representatives., A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A, B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A., C. A is correct but R is wrong., D. A is wrong but R is correct, Assertion (A): Non-democratic regimes often turn a blind eye to or suppress, internal social differences., Reason (R): They accommodate various social divisions., A., Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A, B., Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A., C., A is correct but R is wrong., D., A is wrong but R is correct, Assertion (A) Democracy transforms people from the status of a subject into, that of a citizen., Reason (R) Most individuals believe that their vote makes a difference to the, way the governments run and to their own self-interest, A., Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A, B., Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A., C., A is correct but R is wrong., D., A is wrong but R is correct, SOURCE BASED MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS, Read the case/source given and answer the questions that follow by, choosing the correct option., If you wanted to measure democracies on the basis of this expected outcome,, you would look for the following practices and institutions:, regular, free and fair elections; open public debate on major policies and, legislations; and citizens’ right to information about the government and, , 126, , 10, , D. Women are not ill-treated anywhere in the world., Democracy stands much superior to any other form of government in----------A. Reducing economic inequalities., B. Removing corruption., C. Bringing higher rate of economic growth, D. Promoting dignity and freedom of the individual, Which of these factors do not play a role in the economic development of a, country?, A. Size of the population, B. The language of the country., C. Cooperation from other countries., D. Economic priorities adopted by the Government., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 9
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its functioning. The actual performance of democracies shows a mixed, record on this. Democracies have had greater success in setting up regular, and free elections and in setting up conditions for open public debate. But, most democracies fall short of elections that provide a fair chance to, everyone and in subjecting every decision to public debate. Democratic, governments do not have a very good record when it comes to sharing, information with citizens., (i), A., B., C., D., , To measure democracies on the basis of expected outcomes which, of the following practices and institutions would one look for?, Regular, free and fair elections, Open public debate on major policies, Citizens’ right to information about the government., All of the above., , (ii). If a government is sharing information with citizens, then we get which, type of government?, A. An unstable government, B. A democratic government, C. A stable government, D. A transparent government, (iii). Which among the following out comes do democracies have greater, success?, A. Regular and free elections, B. Elections that provide a fair chance to everyone, C. Sharing information with citizens., D All of the above., (iv). Which of the following statements is correct?, A. Democratic governments are very good in sharing information, with citizens., B. Most democracies succeeded in subjecting every decision to, public debate., C The actual performance of democracies shows a mixed record, in outcomes of democracy., E. All the above., CASE BASED QUESTION ( Four Marks), , 127, , Read the given text and answer the given questions., Let us think in terms of costs. Imagine a government that may take, decisions very fast. But it may take decisions that are not accepted by the, people and may therefore face problems. In contrast, the democratic, government will take more time to follow procedures before arriving at a, decision. But because it has followed procedures, its decisions may be both, more acceptable to the people and more effective. So, a citizen who wants, to know if a decision was taken through the correct procedures can find this, out. She has the right and the means to examine the process of decision, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 15
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making. This is known as transparency. This factor is often missing from a, non-democratic government. Therefore, when we are trying to find out the, outcomes of democracy, it is right to expect democracy to produce a, government that follows procedures and is accountable to the people., (i), Why the decision taken by a democratic government is more, acceptable?, 1, (ii), Which factor is often missing from a non-democratic, government?1, To what extent democracy is transparent? Give reasons., 2, VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (Two Marks), 16, 17, , List out any two merits of democracy., Read the data in the table given below and answer the question that follows:, , Which two democratic countries have very high degree of inequalities?, , 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, , 128, , 20, 21, 22, , Why is democracy unable to guarantee economic development?, What are the common features of democracy in most of the countries of the, world?, When democracy is considered successful?, Why is there an overwhelming support to democracy all over the world?, ‘The fact that people are complaining is itself a testimony to the success of, democracy’ Prove the statement by giving two valid reasons., SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (Three Marks), What are the differences between democracy and dictatorship in the, decision making process?, How do democratic governments ensure transparency? Explain any three, points., “Democratic government is legitimate government?” Support the statement, with arguments, Democracy accommodates social diversities.” Support the statement with, examples., Explain any 3 ways in which democracies have been able to reduce, inequality and poverty., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 18, 19
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30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, , 129, , 29, , On the basis of which values will it be a fair expectation that democracy, should produce a harmonious social life? Explain, ‘Democracy stands much superior in promoting dignity and freedom of the, citizens.’ Justify the statement, Analyse any three values that make democracy better., Most distinctive feature of democracy is that its examination never gets, over.” Support the statement with appropriate arguments., What is the basis of democracy and what are its advantages?, LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS ( Five Marks), “Democratic system is better than any other form of government.” Support, the statement with examples, How does democracy produce an accountable, responsive and legitimate, government?, ‘‘In actual life, democracies do not appear to be very successful in reducing, economic inequalities.’’ Explain the statement giving an example., What are the factors which are responsible for the economic development, of the country? Does democracy provide guarantee of economic, development?, Explain how democracies lead to peaceful and harmonious life among, citizens., , Page, , 28, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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POLITICAL SCIENCE, CHAPTER 7, OUTCOMES OF DEMOCRACY, ANSWER KEY, MCQ, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, , C., D., D., A., A., B., D., C., D., B., , 11, , A., , 12, , B., , 13, , A., , 14 (i). D., (ii) D., (iii) A., , ASSERTION AND REASON TYPE QUESTIONS, Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of, A., Democracies are based on the principle of political, equality., It provides one vote with equal value to all its adult, citizen., A is correct but R is wrong., A is correct because Non democratic regimes do not, appreciate social differences rather they suppress these, differences., R is wrong because they do not accommodate social, differences., Democracy transforms people from the status of a, Subject into that of a citizen. Thus, most of the, individuals believe in a democracy that their vote, makes a difference to the way the governments run and, their own self-interest. Hence, both A and R statements, justify each other, SOURCE BASED MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS, All of the above., A transparent government, Regular and free elections., , (i), (ii), (iii), , Democratic governments follow procedures before, arriving at a decision. 1, Transparency. 1, Democracy ensures that decision making will be based, on norms and procedure. Every citizen has the right and, means to examine the process of decision making. 2, ( Any other two relevant points), , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 15, , 130, , (iv) C. The actual performance of democracies shows a mixed record in, outcomes of democracy.
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VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (Two Marks), , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 24, , Autocracy:, (i) Do not have to bother about majorities and/or public, opinion, thus can be quick and efficient in decision-making., (ii) May take decisions not accepted by the people., (iii) Transparency is missing from a non-democratic form of, government. There is no accountability of the government to, the people., (i), Democratic government ensures that the decisionmaking process is based on proper norms and, procedures., (ii), (ii) Citizens have the right to examine the process of, decision making., (iii) (iii) A democratic government develops mechanisms for, the citizens to hold the government accountable and, mechanism for citizens to take part in decision making, whenever they think fit., , 131, , 16 Promotes equality among citizens; Enhances the dignity of the, individual; Improves the quality of decision-making; Provides a, method to resolve conflicts; and Allows room to correct mistakes, (Any two), 17 South Africa and Brazil., 18 Economic development depends on several factors: country’s, population size, global situation, The Rich Get Buff cooperation, from other countries, economic priorities adopted by the country,, etc., 19 They have formal constitutions, they hold elections, they have, parties and they guarantee rights of citizens., 20 The democracy is considered successful when the rulers are, elected by the people and take all major decision in favour of all, people., Elections offer a free choice and opportunity to the people. Choice, available to all the people is based on political equality., 21 Because it is accountable responsive and legitimate government., Promotes equality among citizens; Enhances the dignity of the, individual ( Any two), 22 It shows that people have developed awareness and the ability to, expect and to look critically at power, It shows the it transforms people from the status of a subject into, that of a citizen., SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (Three Marks), 23, Democracy:, (i), Based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation, (ii), Decisions are acceptable to people and are more, effective., (iii) A citizen has the right and the means to examine the, process of decision-making. There is transparency.
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27, , 28, , 29, , 30, , (i) Provides equality among citizens. (ii) Enhances the dignity, of the individual. (iii) Improves the quality of decision, making. (iv) Provides methods to resolve conflicts. (v) Allows, to correct mistakes. (vi) Guarantees rights of citizens. ( Any, three points), , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 132, , 26, , )A democratic government is called legitimate government, because it is people’s own government., (b) It may be slow, less efficient and not very responsive and, clean, but it is people's government., (c) People wish to be ruled by representatives elected by, them. Democracy’s ability to generate its own support makes, it more legitimate. People of South Asia, Bangladesh, Sri, Lanka, India, Pakistan and Nepal have no doubt about the, suitability of democracy for their own country., i Democracies develop a procedure to reduce the possibility, of social differences becoming explosive or violent., ii No society can fully and permanently resolve conflicts, among different groups. But we can certainly learn to respect, these differences and can evolve a mechanism to negotiate, these differences., iii Ability to handle social differences divisions and conflicts, is thus a definite plus point of democratic regimes iv, Example: Belgium - has successfully negotiated differences, among its ethnic population., 1. Democracy gives equal rights to the people; it does not, discriminate on the basis of sex, religion, color, caste etc., 3. Democracy provides equal opportunity for economic, activities, 3. In order to reduce poverty and inequality democracies, made efforts to promote a more transparent form of, government and thus provide people with rights such as, Right to Information etc., 1) A democratic country looks into the needs and aspirations, of every section of society., 2) It is also able to handle social conflicts, divisions and, differences., 3) Accommodating the demands of the underprivileged, the, backward sections of the society and the minority, communities through democratic principles, helps in, building a more inclusive and a harmonious society., (Any other relevant points), (i), The passion for respect and freedom are basis of, democracy., (ii), Democracy has strengthened the claims of the, disadvantaged and discriminated castes for equal, status and equal opportunity., (iii) Long struggles by women have got them respect and, equal treatment. In India, l/3rd of seats have been, reserved for women in local bodies., , Page, , 25 (I
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33, , 34, , 35, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 133, , 32, , (i) As people get some benefits of democracy, they ask for, more., (ii) People always come up with more expectations from the, democratic set up., (iii) They also have complaints against democracy. The, government always has to satisfy their public by fulfilling, their demands or else they get removed., Democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and, negotiation. Deliberation and negotiation have an advantage, as they ensure that the decisions taken are acceptable to all, the people., These deliberations and negotiation may make the decision, late but they provide quality decisions., Long Answer questions (Five Marks), Democratic system is better than any other form of, government because of following reasons., (i), It promotes equality among citizens. E.g. Rule of law, (ii), It enhances the dignity of the individual. E.g., Fundamental rights., (iv), It improves the quality of decision making. E.g., Discussion and debate in various platforms, (v), It provides a method to resolve conflicts., (vi), If allows room to correct mistakes. (Explain any 5, points with examples), Democracy produces an accountable government because it, provides regular, free and fair elections regularly. Open, discussions are held on all major issues and legislations., Democracy gives its citizens the right to information about, the government and its functioning., Democracy provides a responsive government as it is formed, by elected representatives of the people. These, representatives discuss the problems of the society and, make policies and programmes accordingly. The, representatives also ensure that the programmes are, implemented., Democracies follow a constitution, so they are legitimate., The laws of the country are applicable to everyone, even to, the government members. Free and fair elections are held in, democracies and the people have the power to eliminate, parties they are not happy with, in the next election. ( Any 5, points), (i), The wealth and means are accumulated in hands of a, few people and their share in the total income of the, country has been increasing., (ii), However, the people at the bottom of society find it, difficult to meet even their basic needs of life such as, food, clothing, house, education and health. Not only, that, their incomes have been declining., (iii) The deprived people are a large ratio of voters and no, party will like to lose their votes., , Page, , 31
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(iv), , …………………oOo………………, , 134, , 37, , Page, , 36, , Yet democratically elected governments do not appear, to be attentive to the cause of the poor., (v), Thus democracies do not appear to be very successful, in reducing economic inequalities. ( Any 5 points), Economic development depends on several factors: country’s, population size, global situation, The Rich Get Buff, cooperation from other countries, economic priorities, adopted by the country, etc., Most of the countries were ruled and exploited by big powers., We cannot say that democracy is a guarantee of economic, development. But we can expect democracy not to lag behind, dictatorships in this respect. ( Any 5 points), Only the Democratic government is a form of government, which provides accommodation to social differences and, conflicts by making everybody learn how to respect every, individual’s opinion as differences can never be suppressed, completely., • Democracy ensures inclusion of every group including, minorities and its interests in the decision making., • It reduces the probability of violence due to social, differences and conflicts between different kinds of people., • It provides right to equality, equality before the law, and, equal opportunities of work and prohibition of, discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, gender, or place of birth to every citizen or individual., • It also ensures various other fundamental rights of the, citizen., ( Any 5 points), , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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135, Page, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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Economics, Chapter 3, , Money and Credit, I., , SUMMARY:, , Money as a medium of exchange, Barter System: Goods and Services were directly exchanged without the use, of money. This system of exchange was termed a barter system., Double coincidence of wants is an essential feature of barter system in, which both the parties (seller and the buyer) have to agree to buy and sell, each other’s commodities., Money: It acts as an intermediate in the exchange process & it is called a, medium of exchange., Modern Forms of Money, Money is something that can act as a medium of exchange in transactions., Currency, • In the modern times, paper notes and coins are used as a medium of, exchange, • The Reserve Bank of India issues currency notes on behalf of the central, government, • According to the law no one can refuse payment made in rupees to, settling transactions, , Page, , 136, , Deposits with Banks, • People deposit extra cash in the banks by opening a bank account in, their name, • Banks accept the deposits and also pay an amount as interest on the, deposit, • Deposits in the bank accounts can be withdrawn on demand are, called Demand Deposits, • Cheque: A cheque is a paper instructing the bank to pay a specific, amount from the person’s account to the person in whose name the, cheque has been issued, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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Loan Activities of Banks, , •, , •, •, , In India, the bank holds about 15% of their deposits as cash to pay to, the depositors who might come to withdraw money from the bank on, any given day, Banks mediate between those who have extra funds (the depositors), and those who are in need of these funds (the borrowers)., Banks charge a higher interest rate on loans than what they offer on, deposits. The difference between these interests is the bank's main, source of income., , Two different credit situations, 1. Credit (loan) plays a positive role when the borrower is able to return, the loan amount on time and also made some profit with the use of that, money. For example, Salim, a shoe manufacturer took a loan from, different sources to complete the order of 3000 pairs of shoes. In the, end, he delivered the order, made a profit, and repaid the loan., , Page, , 137, , 2. In some cases, Credit pushes the borrower into a situation from which, recovery is very painful. For example, a small farmer Swapna took a, loan for crop cultivation but due to being hit by pests, her crops were, destroyed. So she took another loan for spraying pesticides but the, production was not enough to repay the loan. So she was caught in, debt-trap., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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138, , CONCEPT MAPPING, , Page, , II., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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139, Page, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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III., , MCQs :, , 1. A person can withdraw money from a bank by issuing a cheque., What is a cheque?, (a) Loan taken by the bank., (b), , Loan taken by the depositor from the bank., , (c), , Paper instructing the bank to pay a specific amount., , Paper valid to withdraw money, 2. Banks give out loans and charge .......... on the loan amount from, the borrower., (a) rent, (b) wages, (d), , (c) interest, , (d) money, , 3. All the banks act as mediator between, --------------------., a. rural people, urban people, , ---------------and, , b. literates, illiterates, c. people, government, d. depositors, borrowers, 4. Which of the following is not a feature of Self Help Groups, (SHGs)?, a. It consists of 15-20 members or more., b. Here members pool their savings which acts as collateral., c. Loans are given at nominal rate of interest., d. It is an informal source of credit., 5. Organised credit is also called, a. informal credit, b. formal credit, c. cooperative credit, , ii) To buy a new shop for him, , c) Small trader, , iii) To revive his business, , d) Govt. servant, , iv) To buy a new vehicle., , 7. Which one of the following is not a formal source of credit?, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , b) A businessman whose factory, has been closed, , 140, , d. none of these, 6. People are involved in a variety of occupations., Match the following with the appropriate reason people might, borrow money for:, A, B, I) To buy a house, a) Auto rickshaw driver
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(a) Commercial Banks, (b) State Bank of India, (c) Employers, (d) Co-operatives, 8. All the banks act as mediator between, a. rural people, urban people, , and ……........... ., , b. literates, illiterates, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , d. depositors, borrowers, 9. Which one of the following is the appropriate meaning of, collateral?, (a) It is the sum total of money borrowed from banks., (b) The amount borrowed from friends., (c) It is an asset of the borrower used as guarantee to a lender., (d) The amount invested in a business., 10. Which of the following is not an advantage of self-help group?, (a) Grant of timely loans, (b) Reasonable interests, (c) A platform to discuss various issues, (d) Does not help women to become self-reliant., 11. Which one of the following is a major reason that prevents the, poor from getting loans from the banks?, (a) Lack of capital, (b) Not affordable due to high rate of interest, (c) Absence of collateral security, (d) Absence of mediators, 12. Which one of the following is the important characteristic of, modern form of currency?, (a) It is made from precious metal, (b) It is made from thing of everyday use, (c) It is authorised by the commercial banks, (d) It is authorised by the Government of the country, 13. Which one of the following is not included in the terms of, credit?, (a) Rate of Interest, (b) Mode of payment, (c) Rate of saving, (d) Collateral, 14. Banks use the major portion of the deposit to:, (a) Keep reserve so that people may withdraw, (b) Meet their routine expenses, (c) Extend loans, (d) Meet renovation of the bank, , 141, , c. people, government
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15. At present which form of money is increasingly used apart from, paper money?, (a) Commodity money, (b) Metallic money, (c) Plastic money, (d) All the above, 16. What is the main source of income of a bank?, (a) Bank charges that the depositors pay for; keeping their money safe, is the main ; source of the bank’s income., (b) The difference between what is charged from the borrowers and, paid to the depositors is the main source of bank’s income., (c) Banks earn huge amounts of money by investing the money of the, depositors in various company shares., (d) The Government of India gives huge amounts of money to the, banks to help their smooth functioning., IV., , ASSERTION/REASON TYPE QUESTIONS:, , DIRECTION : Mark the option which is most suitable :, (a), , If both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct, explanation of assertion., , (b), , If both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct, explanation of assertion., , (c), , If assertion is true, but reason is false., , (d), , If both assertion and reason are false., , 1. Assertion : The modern currency is used as a medium of exchange;, however, it does not have a use of its own., Reason : Modem currency is easy to carry, 2. Assertion : In India, no individual can refuse to accept a payment, made in rupees., Reason : Rupee is the legal tender in India., 3. Assertion : The facility of demand deposits makes it possible to settle, payments without the use of cash., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 4. Assertion : Banks keep only a small proportion of their deposits as, cash with themselves., Reason : Banks in India these days hold about 15 per cent of their, deposits as cash., , 142, , Reason : Demand deposits are paper orders which make it possible to, transfer money from one person’s account to another person’s account.
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5. Assertion : Banks charge a higher interest rate on loans than what, they offer on deposits., Reason : The difference between what is charged from borrowers and, what is paid to depositors is their main source of income., 6. Assertion : Rohan took credit in the form of advance payment from, a buyer and he delivered the goods to the buyer on time and also, earned profit. The credit made Rohan better off in this situation., Reason : Credit can never push a person into a debt trap., 7. Assertion : Credit would be useful or not depends on the risk, involved in a situation., Reason : The chance of benefitting from credit is highest in agriculture, sector., , V. CASE STUDY Questions:, 1. Ramu is a potter making pots, wants to exchange pots for wheat., , term deposit, , (c), , fixed deposit, , (d), , surplus deposit, , Thomas and Selvan are small farmers. Thomas has taken credit @, 1.5% per month on < 20000 from a trader while Selvan has taken credit, at 8% per annum from bank on the same amount. Who is better off?, (a) Thomas is better because he has to do no paperwork., (b), , Selvan is better because his interest payment is less., , (c), , Thomas is better because he has not paid any collateral., , Both Thomas and Selvan are equal so no one is better off., Nakul is a trader. He provides farm inputs on credit on the condition, (d), , 4., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 3., , (b), , 143, , Luckily, he meets a farmer who has wheat and is willing to exchange, it for the pots., What is this situation known as?, i. Incidence of wants, ii. Double coincidence of wants, iii. Barter system of wants, iv. None of the above, 2. Sam is a merchant. He has some surplus money, he opens a bank, account and deposits in it. Whenever he needs money, he can go to his, bank and withdraw from there. This kind of deposit with the banks, are known as:, (a) demand deposit
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that farmers will sell their crop products to him at, prices so that, he could sell them at------------prices in the market., (a) high, medium, (b) low, high, (c), , medium, high, , (d) high, low, , 5. The Reserve Bank of India supervises the functioning of formal, sources of loans. For instance, we have seen that the banks maintain a, minimum cash balance out of the deposits they receive. The RBI, monitors the banks in actually maintaining cash balance. Similarly, the, RBI sees that the banks give loans not just to profit-making businesses, and traders but also to small cultivators, small scale industries, to small, borrowers, etc. Periodically, banks have to submit information to the, RBI on how much they are lending, to who, at what interest rate, etc., There is no organisation which supervises the credit activities of lenders, in the informal sector. They can lend at whatever interest rate they, choose. There is no one to stop them from using unfair means to get, their money back., 1). Fill in the blanks_ RBI gives loans to---------------------------1. To established cultivators, small scale industries, to small, borrowers, etc., 2. To small cultivators, small scale industries, to small borrowers,, etc., 3. To small cultivators, large scale industries, to small borrowers, etc., 4. Only to small scale industries, 2). Which organisation supervises the functioning of formal, sources of loans in India?, 1. The Reserve Bank of India supervises the functioning of formal, sources of loans., 2. The State Bank of India supervises the functioning of formal, sources of loans., 3 The Indian Bank of India supervises the functioning of formal, sources of loans., 4 The Union Bank of India supervises the functioning of formal, sources of loans., , b. There are two organisation which supervises the credit activities of, lenders in the informal sector., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , a. There are around three organisation which supervises the credit, activities of lenders in the informal sector., , 144, , 3). Who supervises the credit activities of lenders in the informal, sector?
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c. There is no organisation which supervises the credit activities of, lenders in the informal sector., d., There are about four organisation which, supervises the credit activities of lenders in the informal sector., 4). Fill in the blanks, There is no organisation which supervises the credit activities, of lenders in the--------------------, , 6. Source, , •, , Informal sector, , •, , Primary sector, , •, , Secondary sector, , •, , Tertiary sector, , A Currency, , Modern forms of money include currency-paper notes and coins. Unlike the, things that were used as money earlier, modern currency is not made of, precious metal such as gold, silver and copper. And unlike grain and cattle,, they are neither of everyday use. The modern currency is without any use of, its own. Then, why is it accepted as a medium of exchange? It is accepted as, a medium of exchange because the currency is authorised by the, government as it legalises the use of rupee as a medium of payment that, cannot be refused in settling transactions in India. No individual in India, can legally refuse a payment made in rupees. Hence, the rupee is widely, accepted as a medium of exchange in the country. In India, the Reserve Bank, of India issues currency notes on behalf of the central government. As per, Indian law, no other individual or organisation is allowed to issue currency., Moreover, the law legalises the use of rupee as a medium of payment that, cannot be refused in selling transactions in India. No individual in India can, legally refuse a payment made in rupees. Hence, the rupee is widely accepted, as a medium of exchange., 1. Who issues the currency notes in India? Which is our currency, used nowadays?, (i) The State Bank of India issues currency notes on behalf of the, district government. Nowadays paper notes and coins are used as, currency in our country., , (iv) The Rural Bank of India issues currency notes on behalf of the, Central government. Nowadays only coins are used as currency in, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , (iii) The Reserve Bank of India issues currency notes on behalf of, the Central government. Nowadays paper notes and coins are used, as currency in our country., , 145, , (ii) The Reserve Bank of India issues currency notes on behalf of, the state government. Nowadays paper notes and coins are used as, currency in our country.
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our country., 2. What is accepted as the medium of exchange in India?, (i) Dollar is accepted as the medium of exchange in India., (ii) Rupee is accepted as the medium of exchange in India., (iii) Euro is accepted as the medium of exchange in India., (iv) Dinar is accepted as the medium of exchange in India., 3. Fill in the blanks:, The Reserve Bank of India issues currency notes on behalf of the, ---------------------., (i), , Central government, , (ii), , District government, , (iii), , State government, , (iv), , Village government, , As per Indian law, no other individual or organisation is allowed, to issue bills. Moreover, the law legalises the use of rupee as a, medium of payment that cannot be refused in settling, transactions in India., , (ii), , As per Indian law, no other individual or organisation is allowed, to issue currency. Moreover, the law legalise the use of dollar as, a medium of payment that cannot be refused in settling, transactions in India., , (iii), , As per Indian law, no other individual or organisation is allowed, to issue currency. Moreover, the law legalises the use of rupee, as a medium of payment that cannot be refused in settling, transactions in India., , (iv), , As per Indian law, no other individual, except for two, organisations, is allowed to issue currency. Moreover, the law, legalises the use of rupee as a medium of payment that cannot, be refused in settling transactions in India., , Page, , (i), , 146, , 4. What does the Indian Law say about the currency?, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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Very Short Answer Questions, , 2 MARKS EACH, , 1. State the role of Reserve Bank of India., 2. Which are the modern forms of money?, 3. How do the demand deposits share the essential features of money ?, 4. What is debt-trap ?, 5. Which authority does supervise the functioning of formal sources of, loans and how ?, 6. What is meaning of Barter system ? Why is double coincidence of wants, is an essential feature of a Barter system ?, 7. Why is modern currency accepted as a medium of exchange without, any use of its own ? Point out the reasons., 8. Why should credit at reasonable rates from the banks and cooperatives, be available for all ?, 9. Why is it necessary for the banks and cooperative societies to increase, their lending facilities in rural areas?, 10. How do banks play an important role in the economy of India?, , VI. SHORT ANSWER questions, , 3 MARKS, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 2. What is meant by double coincidence of wants? What is its inherent, problem?, 3. What is money? Why is modern money/ currency accepted as a medium, of exchange?, 4. Why do banks ask for collateral while giving credit to a borrower?, 5. What comprises ‘terms of credit’?, 6. “Supervision of the functioning of formal sources of loans is necessary”., Why?, 7. “There is a great need to expand formal sources of credit in rural India.”, Examine the statement., 8. Why are most of the poor households deprived from the formal sector of, loans?, 9. What do you understand by demand deposits?, 10. “Cheap and affordable credit is essential for poor households both in, rural and urban areas.” In the light of the above statement explain the, social and economic values attached to it., OR, , 147, , 1. What do you mean by ‘Barter system’?
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“Cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the country’s development.”, Assess the statement., OR, ‘Credit has its own unique role for development’. Justify the statement, with arguments., a., Why is it necessary for the banks and cooperative societies to, increase their lending facilities in rural areas? Explain., b. Why do we need to expand formal sources of credit in India?, c. Study the diagram given below and answer the THREE questions, that follows:, , Which are the two major sources of credit for rural, households in, India?, VI., Which one of them is the most dominant source of credit for, rural, households?, VII. What is the most dominant source of credit? Write any two, reasons., VII. Long Answer Questions, 5 MARKS, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 1. What is the difference between formal sector loans and informal sector, loans? Give two examples of each., Or, Mention three points of difference between the formal sector and, informal sector loans., , 148, , V.
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2. What are formal sources of credit? Why do we need to expand formal, sources of credit in India?, Or, Why do we need to expand formal source or credit in India? Explain, any four reasons., Or, Describe two reasons why banks and cooperative societies must increase, their lending in rural areas. Give three suggestions for how it can be, achieved., , Page, , 9. Why are informal sources of credit preferred in rural areas? Give five, reasons., 10.Why are credit arrangements not fair for all sections of society? Give, three reasons. Suggest two remedies for the problem., Or, Why is the share of formal sector credit higher for the richer households, compared to the poorer households ? Give any three reasons, responsible for this., , 149, , Give two reasons., 4. “RBI plays a crucial role in controlling formal sector loan.” Explain., Or, In what ways does the Reserve Bank of India supervise the functioning of, banks?, 5. How do SHG’s act to provide a platform for women to address their, various social issues?, 6. Self-Help Groups enjoy a lot of freedom in their functioning. Explain., 7. Self-Help Groups can help in solving the problem of credit in rural, areas. Explain., Or, In what ways do Self-Help Groups help the rural sector of the, economy?, 8. Describe the organization, working and importance of Self-Help Groups., Or, What are the Self-Help Groups? How do they work?, Explain., Or, What is meant by Self Help Group? Explain its, working., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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ANSWERS, I., , MCQ s;, , 1., , (c) Paper instructing the bank to pay a specific amount., , 2., , (c) interest, , 3., , (d) depositors, borrowers, , 4., , (d) It is an informal source of credit., , 5., , (b) formal credit, , 6., B, , A, a) Auto rickshaw driver, , iv) To buy a new vehicle., , b) A businessman whose, factory has been closed, , iii) To revive his business, , c) Small trader, , ii) To buy a new shop for him, , d) Govt. servant, , I) To buy a house, , 7., , (c) Employers, , 8., , (d) depositors, borrowers, , 9., , (c) It is an asset of the borrower used as guarantee to a lender., , 10., , (d) Does not help women to become self-reliant., , 11., , (c) Absence of collateral security, , 12., , (d) It is authorised by the Government of the country, , 13., , (c) Rate of saving, , 14., , (c) Extend loans, , 15., , (c) Plastic money, , 16., , (b) The difference between what is charged from the borrowers and, paid to the depositors is the main source of bank’s income., , II. ASSERTION/REASON, , 2. Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct, explanation of assertion., The law legalizes the use of rupee as a medium of payment that cannot, STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , The modern currency is used as a medium of exchange because it is, accepted and authorized as a medium of exchange by a country’s, government., , 150, , 1 Ans : (b) Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct, explanation of assertion.
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be refused in settling transactions in India., 3. Ans : (d) Both assertion and reason are false., The facility of cheques against demand deposits makes it possible to, directly settle payments without the use of cash. Since demand, deposits are accepted widely, as a means of payment, along with, currency, they constitute money in the modern economy., 4. Ans : (b) Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct, explanation of assertion., Banks keep only a small proportion of their deposits as cash with, themselves because they use the major portion of the deposits to, extend loans as there is a huge demand for loans for various economic, activities., 5. Ans : (a) Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct, explanation of assertion., Banks in India hold about 15 per cent of their deposits as cash as the, remaining deposits are used to provide loans. The interest charged on, loans is higher than the interest paid on deposits and the difference, between the two interest rates is the major source of income for banks., 6. Ans : (c) Assertion is true, but reason is false., The credit made Rohan better off in this situation, however, Rohan, would have been worse off if he had failed to deliver the goods on time, or he had made a loss in the production process. The latter two, situations may have caused Rohan to fall in a debt trap., 7. Ans : (c) Assertion is true, but reason is false., Whether credit would be useful or not depends on the risks in the, situation and whether there is some support, in case of loss., III. CASE STUDY, 1., , (b) Double coincidence of wants, , 2., , (a) demand deposit, , 3., , (b) Selvan is better because his interest payment is less., , 4., , (b) low, high, , 3. There is no organisation which supervises the credit activities of lenders, in the informal sector., 4. Informal sector, STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 2. The Reserve Bank of India supervises the functioning of formal sources, of loans., , 151, , 5.1. To small cultivators, small scale industries, to small borrowers, etc.
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6., , 1. (3) The Reserve Bank of India issues currency notes on behalf of the, Central government. Nowadays paper notes and coins are used as, currency in our country., , 2. (2) Rupee is accepted as the medium of exchange in India., 3. (1) Central government, 4. (3) As per Indian law, no other individual or organisation is allowed to, issue currency. Moreover, the law legalises the use of rupee as a medium, of payment that cannot be refused in settling transactions in India., ANSWERS:, 1., , (i) In India, the Reserve Bank of India issues currency notes on behalf, of the Central Government., (ii) The RBI supervises the functioning of formal sources of loans., (iii) The RBI monitors the banks in actually maintaining cash balance., (iv) The RBI sees that the banks give loans not just to profit-making, businesses and traders but also to small cultivators., (v) Any other relevant point., (Any two points), , 2. The modern forms of money comprises:, currency — paper notes and coins., Unlike the things that were used as money earlier, modern currency is, not made of precious metals such as gold, silver, and copper., And unlike grain and cattle, they are neither of everyday use., The modern currency is without any use of its own., 3. The demand deposits share the essential features of money:, The facility of cheques against demand deposits make it possible to, directly settle payments without the use of cash., Since demand deposits are accepted widely as a means of payment,, along with currency, they constitute money in the modern economy., 4. Debt-trap - When a borrower particularly in rural area fails to repay the, , failure of the crop, he is unable to repay the loan and is left worse off., This situation is commonly called debt-trap. Credit in this case pushes, the borrower into a situation from which recovery is very painful., 1. Reserve Bank of India., , Page, , 5., , 152, , loan due to the, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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2. The RBI monitors that the banks actually maintain the cash, balance. It also sees that the banks give loans to all rich as well as, poor., 6., , Meaning of Barter system: A system in which goods are directly, exchanged without the use of money is called barter system., Double coincidence of wants means when both the parties – seller and, purchaser – agree to sell and buy each other’s commodities. It implies, that what a person desires to sell is exactly what the other wishes to, buy. No money is used in such an arrangement. Therefore it is an, essential feature of barter system., , 7. Modern currency is accepted as a medium of exchange without any, use of its own due to reasons as :, In India, the Reserve Bank of India issues currency notes on behalf of, the central government., • As per Indian law, no other individual or organisation is allowed to issue, currency., • The law legalises the use of rupee as a medium of payment that cannot, be refused in settling transactions in India., • No individual in India can legally refuse a payment made in rupees., Hence the rupee is widely accepted as a medium of exchange., • (Any other relevant point)., • (Any two points), •, , 8. Credit at reasonable interest rates should be available for all so that they, may increase their income and help in the over all development of the, country., 1. High interest rate do little to increase the income of the borrowers., 2. It is necessary that the banks and cooperatives increase their lending, particularly in rural areas, so that the dependence of the people on, informal sources of credit reduces., 3. In addition to this more credit should be given to the poor to get, maximum benefit from the cheaper loans., 4. This will help in increasing their income as well as standard of living., 5. Any other relevant point, (Any two points), , (ii) This will empower people in a variety of ways. They could grow corps,, do business, set up small- scale industries etc. They could set up new, industries or trade in goods., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 153, , (i) Banks and cooperative societies can help people in obtaining cheap, and affordable loans., , Page, , 9.
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(iii) Loans from informal lenders carry a very high interest rate and do, little to increase the income of the borrowers. Thus, it is necessary that, banks and cooperatives increase their lending particularly in the rural, areas, so that the dependence on informal sources of credit reduces., Cheap and affordable credit is also important for the country’s, development., (Any two points), 10. (i) Banks provide people the facility to deposit their surplus money by, opening a bank account in their name. Banks also pay an amount as, interest on the deposits. In this way, people’s money is safe with the, banks and it earns an amount as interest. Thus, banks add to the, income of the family., (ii) Banks use the major portion of the deposits to extend loans to the, needy. There is a huge demand for loans for various economic activities., Banks, thus, mediate between those who have surplus money and, those who are in need of this money., (iii) Banks give loans not just to profit-making businesses and traders, but also to small cultivators, small-scale industries, to small borrowers,, etc. Thus, they empower these people and help indirectly in the, country’s development., (iv) The rate of interest that banks demand from the borrowers is always, cheap and affordable. This helps people to improve their condition., Banks also give loans to industrialists. These industrialists use these, loans to expand their industries. In this way, they contribute in, country’s development., (v) By employing a large number of people banks solve the problem of, unemployment to a great extent., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , IV. SHORT ANSWER TYPE QNS:, 1. Barter system refers to the system of exchange of goods and services., It is the system by which one commodity or product is exchanged for, another without the use of money. Before money was introduced,, people were practising barter system. [write any one example], 2. Double coincidence of wants is a situation when both parties have, agreed to sell and buy each other’s products or commodities., It can only work when both the persons are ready to exchange each, other’s goods., , 154, , (Any two points)
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STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 155, Page, , 3. Money is a medium of exchange in transactions. A person holding, money can easily exchange it for any commodity or service that he or, she might want., Modem money currency is accepted as a medium of exchange, because;, • it is certified for a particular denomination (For example, ₹ 10, ₹ 20,, ₹ 100, ₹ 1,000)., • it is issued by the Central Bank of the country, • it is authorized by the government of the country., 4. Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns such as land, building,, vehicle, livestock, land documents, deposits with banks etc. This stands, as a security against the money borrowed from the bank. In case the, borrower fails to repay the loan to the bank, the lender has the right to, sell the asset or collateral., 5. Rate of interest, collateral security, documentation requirements and, mode of repayment together comprise terms of credit. This varies from, bank to bank and borrower to borrower., 6. Supervision of the functioning of formal sources of loans is necessary, because banks have to submit information to the RBI on how much, they are lending, to whom they are lending and at what interest rate, etc., 7. There is great need to expand formal sources of credit in rural India, because: In the informal sector there is no organisation to supervises, the credit activities of lenders. They lend at whatever interest rate they, choose. No one can stop rural money-lenders from using unfair means, to get their money back., 8. Most of the poor households are deprived from the formal sector loans, because of lack of proper documents and absence of collateral., 9. Banks accept the surplus money from the people as deposits and pay, interest for that. People have the provision to withdraw their money as, and when they require. Since money can be withdrawn on demand,, these deposits are known as demand deposits., Its features are: Features:, • A demand deposit has the essential characteristic of money. It can, be used as a medium of exchange., • The facility of cheques against demand deposits makes it possible, to make payments, without using cash., • Since demand deposits are accepted widely as a means of payment, along with currency, they constitute money in the modem, economy., 10., Cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the country’s growth, and, economic development. Credit is in great demand for, various kinds of economic activities—big or small investments, to, set up business, buying cars, houses, etc.
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•, , In rural areas credit helps in the development of, agriculture by providing funds to farmers to buy seeds,, fertilizers, expensive pesticides., • Manufacturers need credit for buying raw material or to, meet ongoing expenditure of production. Credit helps in, the purchase of plant, machinery, equipment, etc., • Some people may need to borrow for personal or family, needs like marriage, hospitalisation etc., Thus, cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the, country’s growth and economic development., 11., Banks and Cooperatives can help people in obtaining cheap and, affordable loans. This will help people to grow crops, do business,, set up small-scale industries or trade in goods and also help, indirectly in the country’s development. They should do so, so that, relatively poor people do not have to depend on informal sources of, credit like the money-lenders., 12., There is no organisation that supervises the credit activities of, lenders in the informal sector. They lend at whatever interest rate, they choose., • No one can stop rural money-lenders from using unfair means to, get their money back., • Informal lenders charge a very high rate of interest on loans and, as a result a larger part of the earnings of the borrowers and, farmers are used to pay the loans., • The amount to be repaid is often greater than income, and, farmers and other borrowers in villages fall in a debt trap., Thus, it is necessary that banks and co-operatives increase their, lending, particularly in rural areas, so that dependence on informal, sources of credit ends., 13.1 Money lenders and cooperative societies., 13.2 Money lenders, 13.3 i) Money lenders do not ask for collateral, ii) Complicated paper work or documentation is not involved., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 1. Formal Sector Loans:, (1)Comparatively rate of interest charged is lower than that of, the informal sector loans., (2) RBI supervises their function of giving loans., (3) Collateral is required to obtain credit., (4) Rich urban households depend largely on formal sources of, credit., , 156, , V. LONG ANSWER TYPE QNS:
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(1) When the credit pushes the borrower into a situation from, which the recovery is very painful, it is called debt-trap. For, example, in the case of crop failure small or marginal farmers, have to sell a portion of his/her land to repay the loan., (2) The debt-trap is rampant in rural areas because of the, following reasons :, , Page, , 3., , 157, , 2., , (5) Examples: Banks and Co-operatives., Informal Sector Loans:, (1) Higher interest rates on loan are charged., (2) No organization is there to supervise its lending activities., (3) They are ready to give loans without collateral., (4) Poor households largely depend on informal sources., (5) Examples : Traders, employers, money-lenders, relatives,, friends, etc., (1) The formal source of credit includes a loan from banks and, co-operatives., (2) We need to expand formal sources of credit in India for the, following reasons :, (i) Formal sources of credit are less risky and they charge a low, rate of interest., (ii) The Reserve Bank of India supervises the functioning of formal, sources of loans. It monitors the banks in actually maintaining a, cash balance., (iii) RBI ensures that loans are given not only to the profit-making, businessmen and traders but also to small cultivators, smallscale industries, small borrowers, etc., (iv) Compared to the formal lenders, most of the informal lenders, charge higher interest rates. Thus, the cost to the borrower, becomes much higher that leads to less income. Also, the, borrowers may become victim to debt-trap. So, formal sector, loans help reduce dependence on informal sources of credit., (v) Due to the high interest rates of the informal source of credit,, people who might wish to start an enterprise by borrowing, may, not do so because of the high cost of borrowing., (vi) Cheap and affordable credit by the formal sector is crucial for, the country’s development., (3) (i) The bank should open its branches in villages., (ii) The RBI should give guidelines to the bank to make loan, procedure simpler., (iii) Public awareness of the banks and cooperatives should be, increased., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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4., , 5., , Page, , 6., , (1) The Reserve Bank of India supervises the functioning of, formal sources of credit in India. It is the central bank of India., (2) It supervises the functioning of banks in the following ways :, (i) The RBI monitors that the banks actually maintain a minimum, cash balance out of the deposits they receive. Banks in India, these days, hold about 15 per cent of their deposits as cash., (ii) RBI ensures that the banks give loans not just to profitmaking business and traders but also to small cultivators, smallscale industries, small borrowers, etc., (iii) Periodically, banks have to submit information to the RBI on, how much they are lending, to whom, at what interest rates, etc., SHGs act to provide a platform for women to address their, various social issues in the following ways:, (1) A Self-Help Group is an organization of rural poor, particularly, women who pool their savings., (2) The SHG encourages its members for savings and enables, them to take small loans from the group itself to meet their needs., In this way, it addresses their economic issue that is the base of, many social issues., (3) SHGs are the building blocks of the organization of the rural, poor. Not only does it help women to become financially selfreliant, but the regular meetings of the group also provide a, platform to discuss and act on a variety of social issues such as, health, nutrition, domestic violence, etc., (4) The SHG provides self-employment opportunities to its, members by providing them loans for meeting working capital, needs, for housing materials, for acquiring assets like a sewing, machine, handlooms, cattle, etc., (5) The group charges interest on these loans but this is still less, than what the money-lenders charge., (1) In Self-Help Groups, there is no provision of a certain number, of members or a certain amount to deposit. Members are free to, their number and, amount to deposit in the group., (2) Most of the important decision regarding the savings and loan, activities are taken by the group members., , 158, , (i) Farmers take loans for crop production, equipment, fertilizers,, etc. If crop failure happens due to any reason, they become, unable to pay back the loan., (ii) There is usually an absence of any kind of support to the, farmers in case of crop failure. So, they are clearly much worse, off than before., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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9., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 159, , 8., , Page, , 7., , (3) The group decides as regards the loans to be granted—the, purpose, amount, interest to be charged, repayment schedule,, etc., (4) Also, it is the group which is responsible for the repayment of, the loan. In any case of non-repayment of the loan by anyone, the, member is followed up seriously by other members in the group., (5) The SHGs help borrowers overcome the problem of lack of, collateral and documentation requirement. Besides, the regular, meetings of the group provide a platform to discuss and act on a, variety of social issues such as health, nutrition, domestic, violence, etc., (1) The absence of collateral is one of the major reasons which, prevent the poor from getting bank loans. Whereas, there is no, need for collateral or difficult paperwork to take loans from SHGs., (2) SHGs have a lower interest rate than that of moneylenders or, traders. They can get timely loans for a variety of purposes., (3) It creates employment opportunities for the members who are, rural poor, particularly women., (4) It encourages regular savings of the rural poor., (5) SHGs help rural women not only to become financially selfreliant but also, the regular meetings of the group provide a, platform to discuss and act on a variety of social issues such as, health, nutrition, domestic violence, etc., (1) SHGs are the groups created by the needy persons, themselves, especially women to fulfil their credit and loan needs., A typical SHG has 15-20 members, who meet and save regularly., (2) Saving of per member varies from 25 to Z 100 or more, depending on the ability of the people to save., (3) Members can take small loans from the group itself to meet, their needs., (4) The group charges interest on these loans but this is still less, than what the money-lenders charge., (5) If the group is regular in savings, it becomes eligible for, availing loan from the bank. The loan is sanctioned in the name, of the group and is meant to create self-employment, opportunities for the members., (1) There is no need for collateral such as land; building, vehicles,, deposits with banks. The rural poor people are unable to provide, collateral., (2) Also, there is no need for complicated paperwork which the, rural poor are not capable of providing., (3) These moneylenders, traders and rich landlords continue to, extend loans to defaulters even if the previous loan is unpaid.
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10., , (4) They are hesitant and unsure about the functioning of the, banks., (5) They may not have access to banks in their villages., (6) The procedure for giving credit is often very simple., (1) Undoubtedly, credit arrangements are not very fair for all, sections of society The share of formal sector credit is higher for, the richer households as compared to the poorer households., This has the following reasons:, (i) Poverty affects poor households’ capacity to borrow. Formal, sector credit requires proper documents and collateral as security, against loans. Collateral is an asset. So, poor people lack in, providing such things which affect their capacity to borrow., (ii) The poor people do not repay, (iii) The people in villages may not have access to banks in their, village. Also, they are R. loan on time because of the various dayto-day needs. - hesitant and unsure about the functioning of the, banks., (2) (i) More credit facilities should be made available in rural areas, by opening more banks there., (ii) The procedure of giving loans should be made easier and, simpler., , Page, , 160, , **********************, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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GLOBALISATION AND THE INDIAN ECONOMY., , Spreading of production by an MNC : A large MNC, producing, industrial equipment, designs its products in research centres in the, United States and then has the components manufactured in China., The finished products are shipped to Mexico and Eastern Europe and, sold all over the world. Meanwhile, the company's customer care is, carried out through call centres located in India., , •, , In this example, the MNC is not only selling its finished products, globally but more importantly, the goods and services are produced, globally. India has highly skilled engineers who can understand the, technical aspects of production. It also has educated English-speaking, youth who can provide customer care services. And all this probably, can mean 50-60 percent cost-savings for the MNC!, , •, , The money that is spent to buy assets such as land, building, machines, and other equipment is called Investment. Investment made by MNCs, is called foreign investment.Any investment is made with the hope, that these assets will earn profits., , •, , Interlinking production across countries:, MNCs set up production jointly with some of the local companies of, these countries. The two fold benefit to the local company :money for, additional investments, like buying new machines for faster, production &MNCs might bring with them the latest technology for, production., The most common route for MNC investments is to buy up local, companies, and, then, to, expand, production, Large MNCs in developed countries place orders for production with, small producers, then sell these under their own brand names to the, customers. Eg.Garments, footwear, sports items, , •, , •, , Ford Motors, an American company, is one of the world’s largest, automobile manufacturers with production spread over 26 countries of, the world. Ford Motors came to India in 1995 and spent Rs. 1700 crore, to set up a large plant near Chennai. This was done in collaboration, with Mahindra and Mahindra, a major Indian manufacturer of jeeps, and trucks., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , •, , 161, , Summary :, •, Until the twentieth century, production was organised within countries., What crossed the boundaries of these countries were raw material, food, stuff, and finished products. This was before large companies called, multinational corporations (MNCs) emerged on the scene., •, MNC is a company that owns or controls production in more than one, nation. MNCs set up offices and factories for production in regions, where they can get cheap labour and other resources and policy of the, Govt. that look after the interest of MNC (to earn greater profits).
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•, •, , •, , •, , •, , CHINESE TOYS : Because of the cheaper prices and new designs,, Chinese toys become more popular in the Indian markets. Within a, year, 70 to 80 percent of the toy shops have replaced Indian toys with, Chinese goods. Indian buyers have a greater choice of toys and at lower, prices., GLOBALISATION, Globalisation is the process of rapid integration or interconnection, between countries. MNCs are playing a major role in the globalisation, process. More and more goods and services, investments, and, technology are moving between countries., FACTORS THAT HAVE ENABLED GLOBALISATION, Rapid improvement in technology has been one major factor that has, stimulated the globalisation process. For instance, the past fifty years, have seen several improvements in transportation technology. This has, made much faster delivery of goods across long distances possible at, lower costs., Even more remarkable have been the developments in information and, communication technology. In recent times, technology in the areas of, telecommunications, computers, Internet has been changing rapidly., , The Indian government, after Independence, had put barriers to foreign, trade and foreign investment. This was considered necessary to protect, the producers within the country from foreign competition. Industries, were just coming up in the 1950s and 1960s, and competition from, imports at that stage would not have allowed these industries to come, up., , •, , Starting around 1991, some far-reaching changes in policy were made, in India to make it more competitive with other countries. The, government decided that the time had come for Indian producers to, compete with producers around the globe. It felt that competition would, improve the performance of producers within the country since they, would have to improve their quality’., , Page, , •, , 162, , LIBERALISATION OF FOREIGN TRADE AND FOREIGN INVESTMENT, POLICY, •, Tax on imports is an example of a trade barrier. It is called a barrier, because some restriction has been set up. Governments can use trade, barriers to increase or decrease (regulate) foreign trade and to decide, what kinds of goods and how much of each, should come into the, country., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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•, •, , Barriers on foreign trade and foreign investment were removed a large, extent. This meant that goods could be imported and exported easily, and also foreign companies could set up factories here., The process of removing barriers or restrictions set by the government, is what is known as liberalisation., , WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION, •, The World Trade Organisation (WTO) aims to liberalise international, trade. At present 160 (2014) countries of the world are currently, members of the WTO. Though WTO is supposed to allow free trade for, all, in practice, it is seen that the developed countries have unfairly, retained trade barriers. On the other hand, WTO rules have forced, developing countries to remove trade barriers. An example of this is the, current debate on trade in agricultural products., IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION IN INDIA, •, POSITIVE & NEGATIVE IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION - INDIA, Positive:, Availability of variety of products which enabled the consumers to have, greater choice and enjoy improved quality and lower prices for several, products., (ii) This led to higher standard of living., (iii) Increase in foreign direct investment and creation of new jobs in certain, industries., (iv) Top Indian companies have been benefited by investing in new technology, and production methods along with successful collaborations with foreign, companies., (v) Globalisation has enabled some large Indian company to emerge as, multinationals themselves. For example, Tata Motors, Infosys, Ranbaxy etc., (vii) Enabled some large Indian companies to emerge as multinationals,, created new opportunities for companies providing services, particularly those, involving IT., Negative :, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , (ii) Globalisation and pressure of competition have substantially changed the, lives of workers. Faced with growing competition most employers these days, prefer to employ workers ‘flexibly’. This means that workers ’jobs are no, longer, , 163, , (i) Small producers failed to compete and got perished. Rising competition has, led to shutting down of many units. Many workers became jobless. For, instance, batteries, capacitors, plastics, toys, dairy products and vegetable oil, are the examples of the industries which have been hit hard due to hard, competition.
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STEPS TO ATTRACT FOREIGN INVESTMENT, •, •, •, , •, , The central and state governments in India are taking special steps to, attract foreign companies to invest in India., Industrial zones, called Special Economic Zones (SEZs), are being set, up., Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are to have world-class facilities:, electricity, water, roads, transport, storage, recreational and, educational facilities. Companies that set up production units in the, SEZs do not have to pay taxes for an initial period of five years., The government has also allowed flexibility in the labour laws to, attract foreign investment. Instead of hiring workers on a regular, basis, companies hire workers ‘flexibly ’for short periods when there is, intense pressure of work. This is done to reduce the cost of labour for, the company., , THE STRUGGLE FOR A FAIR GLOBALISATION, •, , •, , •, , Since globalisation is now a reality, the question is how to make, globalisation more ‘fair’? Fair globalisation would create opportunities, for all and also ensure that the benefits of globalisation are shared, better., The government can play a major role in making this possible. Its, policies must protect the interests, not only of the rich and the powerful, but all the people in the country. It can use trade and investment, barriers or negotiate for 'fairer rules' at the World Trade Organisation, (WTO) If necessary, it can also align with other developing countries to, fight against developed countries' interests., People also can play an important role in the struggle for fair, globalisation., , I MCQs, 1. Which one of the following statement is true regarding MNCs?, (a) They belong to Europe only., countries., , (b) They are working only in Asian, , (c) These must own or control production in least in ten countries., , 3. Why did the government decide to remove barriers on foreign trade, and foreign investment?, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 2. Removing barriers or restrictions set by the government is known as, :, (a) privatisation., (b) globalisation, (c) liberalisation., (d) socialisation, , 164, , (d) These own or control production in more than one country.
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(a) Because the government wanted to earn the foreign exchange., (b) Because the government decided that the time had come for Indian, producers to compete with producers around the world., (c) Because the government wanted to maintain good relations with other, countries., (d) None of the above., 4. How much did Ford Motors invest in India in 1995?, (a) ₹ 1670 crore, , (b) ₹ 1770 crore, , (c) ₹ 2700 crore, , (d) ₹ 2770 crore, , 5. “MNCs keep in mind certain factors before setting up production”., Identify the incorrect option from the choices given below, (a) Availability of cheap skilled and unskilled labour, (b) Proximity to markets, (c) Presence of a large number of local competitors, (d) Favourable policy of the government., 6. Ford Motors entered the Indian automobile business in collaboration, with which Indian manufacturer?, (a) Maruti Suzuki, Toyota, , (b) TATA Motors, , (c)Mahindra and Mahindra, , (d), , 7. Ranbaxy is a multinational company which is associated with:, (a) automobiles, , (c) medicines, , (b) nuts and bolts, , (d) information technology, , 8. The most common route for MNC investment is :, (a) Set up production jointly with some of the local companies of these, countries., (b) To buy up local companies and then to expand production., , 9. Which one of the following was the main aim of World Trade, Organisation?, (a) To promote trade in poor countries., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , (d) All of the above, , 165, , (c) Place orders for production with small producers then sell these under, their own brand names to the customers.
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(b) To promote trade in rich countries., (c) To liberalise international trade., (d) None of the above., 10. Which one of the following is not an MNC?, (a) Coca Cola, (b) Toyota, (c) SAIL, (d) Microsoft, , II. Fill in the blanks., 1. A ___________ is a company that owns and controls production in more, than one nation., 1. Chinese toys are more popular in the Indian markets because of the, ________ and ______., 2. Removing barriers or restrictions set by the government is known as, __________, 4. The full form of SEZs is ______, 5. Rapid improvement in technology has stimulated the _________ process., 6. The money that is spent to buy assets such as land, building, machines, and other equipment is called __________., 7. Investment made by MNCs is called _________., 8. __________ an American company, is one of the world’s largest automobile, manufacturers with production spread over 26 countries of the world., 9. __________ is the process of rapid integration or interconnection between, countries., 10. ________ has played a major role in spreading out production of services, across countries., 11. Governments can use ________. to increase or decrease (regulate) foreign, trade and to decide what kinds of goods and how much of each, should, come into the country., , 14. Companies who set up production units in the Special Economic Zones, do not have to pay taxes for an initial period of ______ years., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 13. ___________ has resulted in greater competition among producers—both, local and foreign. As a result, people today, enjoy much higher standards of, living., , 166, , 12. The aim of ________ is to liberalise international trade.
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III. Match the following, 1. WTO, invest in India., , To attract foreign companies to, , 2. SEZs, , Medicines, , 3. MNCs, , To liberalise international trade., , 4. Ranbaxy., controlled., , A large part of foreign trade is, , IV. Assertion and Reason, Assertion - Reason Type Questions, In the questions given below, there are two statements marked as Assertion, ( A ) and Reason ( R ). Read the statements and choose the correct code., Options:, (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A., (B) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A., (C) A is true but R is false., (D) A is false but R is true., , 1., , Assertion ( A ): Because of the cheaper prices and new designs, Chinese, toys become more popular in the Indian markets., Reason ( R ): Within a year, 70 to 80 percent of the toy shops have, replaced Indian toys with Chinese toys., , 2., , 2. Assertion ( A ):Large MNCs in the garment industry in Europe and, America order their products from Indian exporters., , Reason ( R ) :These large MNCs with worldwide network look for the costliest, goods in order to maximise their profits., 3. Assertion ( A ) : The aim of WTO is to liberalise international trade and it, started at the initiative of the developing countries., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , ., 4. Assertion (A) : In general, MNCs set up production where it is close to the, markets; where there is skilled and unskilled labour available at low costs., Reason (R) At times, MNCs set up production jointly with some of the local, , 167, , Reason ( R ) : Nearly 160 countries of the world are currently members of, the WTO (as on June 2014).
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companies of these countries., 5. Assertion ( A ) : Ford Motors came to India in 1995 and spent Rs. 1700, crore to set up a large plant near Chennai., Reason ( R ) : This was done in collaboration with Mahindra and Mahindra,, a major Indian manufacturer of jeeps and trucks., V. Case Study, Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follows:, Having assured themselves of these conditions, MNCs set up factories and, offices for production. The money that is spent to buy assets such as land,, building, machines and other equipment is called investment. Investment, made by MNCs is called foreign investment. Any investment is made with the, hope that these assets will earn profits., At times, MNCs set up production jointly with some of the local companies of, these countries. The benefit to the local company of such joint production is, two-fold. First, MNCs can provide money for additional investments, like, buying new machines for faster production. Second, MNCs might bring with, them the latest technology for production., But the most common route for MNC investments is to buy up local, companies and then to expand production. MNCs with huge wealth can quite, easily do so. To take an example, Cargill Foods, a very large American MNC,, has bought over smaller Indian companies such as Parakh Foods. Parakh, Foods had built a large marketing network in various parts of India, where its, brand was well-reputed. Also, Parakh Foods had four oil refineries, whose, control has now shifted to Cargill. Cargill is now the largest producer of edible, oil in India, with a capacity to make 5 million pouches daily!, There’s another way in which MNCs control production. Large MNCs in, developed countries place orders for production with small producers., Garments, footwear, sports items are examples of industries where, production is carried out by a large number of small producers around the, world., 1. Investment means:, (a) Money to buy equipment., (b) Money to buy land., , (e) All of the above, 2. At times, MNCs set up production jointly with some of the local, companies and the benefit to the local company is:, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , (d) Money to buy assets., , 168, , (c) Money to buy buildings.
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(a) MNCs can provide money for additional investments., (b) MNCs might bring with them the latest technology for production., (c) Both (a) and (b), (d) None of the above., 3. The most common route for MNC investments is:, (a) Set up production jointly with some of the local companies of these, countries., (b) To buy up local companies and then to expand production., (c) Large MNCs in developed countries place orders for production with, small producers., (d) All of the above, 4. Name the largest producer of edible in India., (a) Parakh foods, (b) Kargil foods, (c) McCain Foods, (d) Kohinoor Foods, 11., Investments by MNCs are made surely for:, (a) Development of nation., (b) To generate employment for local youth., (c)For profit., (d) All of the above, SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 MARKS), 1.What are Multi-National Corporations (MNCs)?, 2. Explain ‘what is investment? Give a few examples of investment., 3.Why is ‘tax’ on imports known as a trade barrier?, 4.Give one characteristic feature of a ‘Special Economic Zone’?, , 6. Why do MNCs set up their offices and factories in those regions where, they get cheap labour and other resources?, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 5.Why had the Indian Government put barriers to foreign trade and foreign, investment after independence? State any one reason., , 169, , 4.What do you understand by the term ‘Foreign Direct Investment’?
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7. Why do MNCs set up their offices and factories in those regions where, they get cheap labour and other resources?, 8.Differentiate between investment and foreign investment., 9.Why had the Indian Government put barriers to foreign trade and foreign, investment after independence? State any two reason., 10. What is meant by trade barrier?, VI. Open Ended Short Answer Questions (3 MARKS), 1. How did our markets get transformed before emerging MNCs?, OR, How was the trade the main channel for connecting different countries, until the middle of the twentieth century?, 2. What is an MNC? How do MNCs succeed in spreading production across, countries?, 3. What are the factors that MNCs take into account before setting up a, factory in different countries?, 4. What are the various ways in which MNCs set up or control production in, other countries? OR, How do MNCs interlink production across the countries? Explain any three, points., 5. Explain any three factors that have enabled globalisation., 6. What were the reasons putting barriers to foreign trade and foreign, investment by the government of India after Independence?, 7. Why did the government of India wish to remove barriers to foreign trade, and foreign investment starting around 1991?, 8. What is WTO? What is its main aim and also mention one of its limitation?, 9. How the globalisation and greater competition among producers - both local, and foreign producers has been advantage to consumers?, , 12. Differentiate between investment and foreign investment., 13. What is a trade barrier?, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 11. What do you understand by globalisation? Explain in your own words., , 170, , 10. Mention any three steps that have taken by the government of India to, attract foreign invest meant in recent years?
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VII Long Answer Questions, 1. Mention the working process of Multi National Corporations., 2. Describe any five strategies adopted by the MNCs to earn more and more, profit., 3. What were the reasons putting barriers to foreign trade and foreign, investment by the government of India? Why did it wish to remove these, barriers? OR Analyse the role of globalisation on the Indian economy., 4. Supposing you find two people arguing: One is saying globalisation has, hurt our country’s development. The other is telling, globalisation is helping, India develop. How would you respond to these arguments?, 5. In what ways has competition effected the workers, the Indian exporters of, the garment industries and MNCs?, 6. What is fair globalisation? What measures can be taken by the Govt. of, India to make globalisation more fair?, 7. How has information and communication technology increased the pace of, globalisation? Explain., 8. Describe the major problems created by the globalisation for a large number, of small producers and workers., *************************************************************************************, , ANSWERS, MCQ, Answers, 1. (d) These own or control production in more than one country., 2., , (b) globalisation, , 3. (b) Because the government decided that the time had come for Indian, producers to compete with producers around the world., , (c) Presence of a large number of local competitors, , 6., , (c)Mahindra and Mahindra, , 7., , (c) medicines, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 5., , 171, , 4. (b) ₹ 1770 crore
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8. (b) To buy up local companies and then to expand production., 9. (c) To liberalise international trade., 10. (c) SAIL, Fill in the blanks, 1. MNC, 2. Cheaper prices and new designs, 3. Liberalisation, 4. Special Economic Zones, 5. Globalisation, 6. Investment, 7. Foreign investment., 8. Ford motors, 9. Globalisation, 10. Information and communication Technology (IT), 11. Trade barriers, 12. World Trade Organisation (WTO), 13. Globalisation, 14. Five, III. Match the following, Answer, 1. WTO 2. SEZs, , To liberalise international trade., -, , 3. MNCs. -, , To attract foreign companies to invest in India., A large part of foreign trade is controlled., , 4. Ranbaxy - Medicines, , 1. Option (A) is correct. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct, explanation of A., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , Answers:, , 172, , IV. Assertion and Reason
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2. Option (C) is correct. A is true but R is false. (Cheapest goods, not, costliest), 3. Option (D) is correct. A is false but R is true., Initiative of the developed countries, not developing., 4. Option (B) is correct. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct, explanation of A., 5.Option (A) is correct. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct, explanation of A., 11. V. Case Study, 1. E. all of the above, 2. C. Both (a) and (b), 3. B. To buy up local companies and then to expand production., 4. B. Kargil foods, 5. D. All of the above, SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (2 MARKS), 1. A Multi-National Corporation (MNC) is a company that owns or controls, production in more than one nation. The goods and services are produced, globally. The production process is divided into small parts and spread out, across the globe., 2. Investment is buying of an asset in the form of a factory, a machine, land, and building, etc. (Physical assets) or shares (monetary assets) for the, purpose of making or sharing profits of the enterprises concerned., Common investments are: buying land, factories, machines for faster, production, buying small local companies to expand production, cheap, labour, skilled engineers, IT personnel, etc., , 5. FDI is the investment of foreign capital in the economic and productive, activities of a country by foreign companies or MNCs with the aim of, expanding capacity and production to earn profits., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 4. Special Economic Zones or SEZs are industrial zones set up by the, government having word class facilities such as electricity, water, roads,, transport, storage, recreational and educational facilities. Companies who, set up production units in SEZs are exempted from taxes for an initial, period of five years., , 173, , 3. Tax on imports is known as a trade barrier because it increases the price, of imported commodities. It is called a barrier because some restriction has, been set up.
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6. The Indian government after independence had put barriers to foreign, trade and investment., •, , This was done to protect the producers within the country from, foreign competition., , •, , To protect the Indian economy from foreign infiltration in industries, affecting the economic growth of the country as planned., , 7. MNCs set up offices and factories for products in regions where they can, get cheap labour and other resources so that—, •, •, , the cost of production is low, the MNCs can earn greater profits., , 8. World Trade Organisation was set up in 1995 at the initiative of the, developed countries. Its aim is to liberalise international trade. Its, headquarters is at Geneva. WTO establishes rules regarding international, trade among countries of the world in an open,uniform and nondiscriminatory manner. In 2006,149 countries of the world were its, members., 9. The Indian government put barriers to protect the producers within the, country from foreign competition. Industries were just coming up and the, competition from imports would not allow the Indian industries to come up., 10. Workers are now employed on a temporary basis so that the, employers do not have to pay workers for the whole year., Wages are low and workers are forced to work overtime to make both ends, meet., 1. VI. Open Ended Short Answer Questions (3 Marks), , 3. Availability of cheap labour., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 2. Ans. A MNC is a company that owns or controls production in more, than one nation. A large MNC, producing industrial equipment,, designs its products in research centres in the United States, and, then, has, the, components, manufactured, in, China., These are then shipped to Mexico and Eastern Europe where the, products are assembled and the finished products are sold all over, the world. Meanwhile, the company’s customer care is carried, out…….. through call centres located in India., , 174, , 1. Ans. Until the middle of the twentieth century, production was, largely organised within countries., What crossed the boundaries, of these countries were raw materials, food stuff and finished, products. Colonies such as India exported raw materials and food, stuff and imported finished goods. Trade was the main channel, connecting distant countries.
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Availability of raw materials and close to the markets., Policy of the government that protect the interest of MNCs., 4. Set up production jointly with some of the local companies.Benefit, to the local company - MNCs provide money for buying new, machines for faster production and bring the latest technology for, production., The most common route for MNC investments is to buy up local, companies and then to expand production. (Eg. Cargill Foods, a very, large American MNC, has bought over smaller Indian companies, such as Parakh Foods)., Large MNCs in developed countries place orders for production with, small producers. Eg. Garments, footwear, sports items then sell, these under their own brand names to the customers., 5. Rapid improvement in Transportation Technology: This had made, possible much faster delivery of goods across long distances at lower, cost., Development in Information and Communication technology: It has, played a major role in spreading out production of services across, countries., Liberalisation: Countries have removed many of the barriers to, foreign trade and foreign investments and then promoted, globalisation., 6. Ans. To protect the producers within the country from foreign, competition., Industries were, just coming up in the 1950s and 1960s, and competition from, imports at that stage would not have allowed these industries to, come up. India allowed imports of only essential items such as, machinery, fertilisers, petroleum etc., 7. The government decided that the time had come for Indian, producers to compete with producers around the globe., It felt that competition would improve the performance of producers, within the country., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 8. Ans. World Trade Organisation an International Organisation that, dealing with rules of international trade and making trade between, countries should be trade., Its main aim is to liberalise international trade., Limitation: Though WTO is supposed to allow free trade for all, in, practice, it is seen that the developed countries have unfairly, retained trade barriers., , 175, , Power fun International Organisations supported this decision.
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9. Ans. a) There is greater choice before these consumers., b) The quality of the products have improved and the customers, get the products at lower prices., c) People enjoy higher standard of living, 10., , Ans., , a) Special Economic Zones (SEZs) have been set up to have world, class facilities such as electricity, water, roads, transport, storage,, recreational and educational facilities., b) Companies who set up production units in the SEZs do not have, to pay taxes for an initial period of five years., c) Government has allowed flexibility in the labour laws. Instead of, hiring workers on a regular basis, companies hire workers ‘flexibly ’, for short periods when there is intense pressure of work. This is, done to reduce the cost of labour for the company., 11. Ans. It is the process by which whole world becomes a single, market., It is the process of rapid integration or interconnection between, countries through foreign trade and foreign investments., Globalisation means integrating an economy with the world, economy. As a result of globalisation, the different countries of the, world become economically interdependent on each other., 12. Ans. The money that is spent to buy assets such as land,, building, machines etc. is called investment whereas investment, made by a MNC to buy such assets is called foreign investment., 13. Ans. Trade barrier refer to restrictions set by the government in, order to regulate foreign trade and investment. For example – a tax, on imports is a trade barrier. It is called a barrier because some, restriction has been set up., VII Long Answer Questions, 1. Ans. a) A MNC is a company that owns or controls production in, more than one nation., , d) MNC is not only selling its finished products globally, but more, important, the goods and services are produced globally., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , c) This is done so that the cost of production is low and the MNCs can, earn greater profits., , 176, , b) MNCs set up offices and factories for production in regions where, they can get cheap labour and other resources.
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e) The production process is divided into small parts and spread out, across the globe., 2. Ans. a) MNC is not only selling its finished products globally, but, more important, the goods and services are produced globally., b) MNCs set up offices and factories for production in regions where, they can get cheap labour and other resources. This is done so that, the cost of production is low and the MNCs can earn greater profits., c) MNCs set up production where it is close to the markets., d) MNCs look for government policies that look after their interests to, earn more profits., e) Many of the top MNCs have wealth exceeding the entire budgets of, the developing country governments. With such enormous wealth,, MNCs have tremendous power to determine price, quality, delivery,, and labour conditions., 3. Ans: OESA Answers of question no. 6 & 7, 4. Ans. Both the arguments are right to some extent. Globalisation has, hurt our country’s development as well as helped our country, develop. In other words, we can say that globalisation has positive, as well as negative impact on our country’s development. Positive, impact of the globalisation on India, (i) Availability of variety of products which enabled the consumers to, have greater choice and enjoy improved quality and lower prices for, several products., (ii) This led to higher standard of living., (iii) Increase in foreign direct investment and creation of new jobs in, certain industries., (iv) Top Indian companies have been benefited by investing in new, technology and production methods along with successful, collaborations with foreign companies., , Negative impact of the globalisation on India, (i) Small producers failed to compete and got perished. Rising competition, has led to shutting down of many units. Many workers became jobless., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , (vii) Enabled some large Indian companies to emerge as, multinationals, created new opportunities for companies providing, services, particularly those involving IT., , 177, , (v) Globalisation has enabled some large Indian company to emerge as, multinationals themselves. For example, Tata Motors, Infosys,, Ranbaxy etc.
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For instance, batteries, capacitors, plastics, toys, dairy products and, vegetable oil are the examples of the industries which have been hit, hard due to hard competition., (ii) Globalisation and pressure of competition have substantially changed, the lives of workers. Faced with growing competition most employers, these days prefer to employ workers ‘flexibly’. This means that workers ’, jobs are no longer, 5., , Ans. Workers: Earlier a factory used to employ workers on a permanent, basis, now they employ workers only on a temporary basis so that they, do not have to pay workers for the whole year. Workers also have to put, in very long working hours and work night shifts on a regular basis, during the peak season. Wages are low and workers are forced to work, overtime to make both ends meet. They are denied their fair share of, benefits, Indian Exporters: Large MNCs in the garment industry in Europe and, America order their products from Indian exporters. These large MNCs, with worldwide network look for the cheapest goods in order to maximise, their profits. To get these large orders, Indian garment exporters try hard, to cut their own costs. As cost of raw materials cannot be reduced,, exporters try to cut labour costs., MNCs : They are able to find the cheapest goods in order to maximise, their profits., Competition among large the garment exporters has allowed these MNCs, to make large profits., , 6., , Ans: Fair globalisation means creating equal opportunities for all and, also ensuring that the benefits of globalisation are shared in a better way., The government can play a major role in making this possible. Its policies, must protect the interests, not only of the rich and the powerful, but all, the people in the country., It can ensure that labour laws are properly implemented and the workers, get their rights., It can support small producers to improve their performance till the time, they become strong enough to compete., , 7. Ans. Information and communication technology increased the pace of, globalisation. Information and communication technology (IT) has played, STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , It can also align with other developing countries with similar interests to, fight against the domination of developed countries in the WTO., , 178, , If necessary, the government can use trade and investment barriers. It, can negotiate at the WTO for ‘fairer rules’.
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a major role in spreading out production of services., In recent times, technology in the areas of telecommunications, computers,, Internet has been changing rapidly., Telecommunication facilities (tele- graph, telephone including mobile phones,, fax) are used to contact one another around the world, to access information, instantly, and to communicate from remote areas. This has been facilitated, by satellite communication devices., Computers have now entered almost every field of activity. You might have, also ventured into the amazing world of internet, where you can obtain and, share information on almost anything we want to know., IT has created various new opportunities, 8. Ans. Lead to widening income inequalities among various countries., Expansion of unorganised sector, Jobs are no longer secure., The small manufacturers have been hit hard due to competition and several, of the units have shut down rendering many workers jobless., Workers are denied their fare share of benefits., , Page, , 179, , ……………oOo…………., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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CBSE SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 2021-22, TERM II, CLASS X, SOCIAL SCIENCE - CODE 087, , Time Allowed: 2 Hours, , Maximum Marks: 40, , -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------General Instructions:, , i. This Question paper is divided into five sections-Section A, B, C, D and E., ii. All questions are compulsory., iii. Section-A: Question no. 1 to 5 are very short answer type questions of 2 marks each. Answer, to each question should not exceed 40 words., iv. Section-B: Question no. 6 to 8 are short answer type questions, carrying 3 marks each., Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words., v. Section-C: Question no. 9 and 10 are long answer type questions, carrying 5 marks each., Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words., vi. Section-D: Question no. 11 and 12 are Case Based questions., vii. Section-E: Question no. 13 is map based, carrying 3 marks with two parts, 13.1 from History, (1 mark) and 13.2 from Geography (2 marks)., viii. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal choice has been provided, in a few questions. Only one of the choices in such questions have to be attempted., , ix. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and question, wherever, necessary., , =10, , 1. How did the Non-Cooperation Movement unfold in the cities and towns of, India?, , 2, , 2. Why is tourism considered as a trade?, , 2, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 180, , Very Short Answer Questions, , 2X5, , Page, , SECTION-A
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3. Differentiate between one party and two party system., , 2, , 4. State the role of Reserve Bank of India., , 2, , 5. Read the data in the table given below and answer the questions that follow:, , 2, , Total production of finished steel in India, Year, , Production, (in million tonnes), , 2015- 2016, , 106.60, , 2016-2017, , 120.14, , 2017- 2018, , 126.85, , 2018-2019, , 101.29, , 2019-2020, , 102.62, , Source: Ministry of Steel, Government of India (NCERT), , 5.1 Compare the 2015-2016 and 2019-2020 data and give any one reason for the, , reduction of production of steel in 2019-2020., , (1), , 5.2 Why is production and consumption of steel considered as an index of a, country’s development?, , (1), Section-B, , 3x3=9, , Short Answer Type Questions, , 6., , Why do most of the rural households still remain dependent on the informal sources of, credit? Explain., OR, , 8., , “Tribal peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the idea of swaraj in, another way and participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement differently.” Justify the, statement., Examine the role of Political Parties in a democratic country., Section-C 5x2=10, Long Answer Type Questions, , Page, , 7., , 181, , How do Self Help Groups help borrowers to overcome the problem of lack of collateral?, Explain., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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9., , Democracy’s ability to generate its own support is itself an outcome that cannot be, ignored.’ Support the statement with examples., OR, ‘There is an overwhelming support for the idea of democracy in South Asia.’ Support, the statement with examples., , 10., , Examine the role of Information Technology in stimulating the process of, globalization., OR, Assess the impact of globalization on India and its people., Section-D 4x2=8, Case Based Questions, , 11., , Read the given text and answer the following questions:, , ‘It is said of “passive resistance” that it is the weapon of the weak, but the power which, is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This power is not passive, resistance; indeed, it calls for intense activity. The movement in South Africa was not, passive but active …, ‘Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary;, he does not seek his destruction … In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will whatever., ‘Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why this, force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the flame, of love. … Nonviolence is the supreme dharma …‘It is certain that India cannot rival, Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war-god and they can all of, them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of millions in India, can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence their own ...’, 11.1. Why did Gandhiji consider nonviolence as supreme dharma?, , (1), , 11.2 How was Gandhian satyagraha taken by the people who believed in his, philosophy?, , (1), , 12. Read the given text and answer the following questions:, , 4, , Ever since humans appeared on the earth, they have used different means of communication., But, the pace of change, has been rapid in modern times. Long distance communication is far, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , (2), , 182, , 11.3 Why was Gandhian satyagraha considered as a novel way to resist injustice?
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easier without physical movement of the communicator or receiver. Personal communication, and mass communication including television, radio, press, films, etc. are the major means of, communication in the country. The Indian postal network is the largest in the world. It handles, parcels as well as personal written communications. Cards and envelopes are considered, first-class mail and are airlifted between stations covering both land and air. The secondclass mail includes book packets, registered newspapers and periodicals. They are carried by, surface mail, covering land and water transport. To facilitate quick delivery of mails in large, towns and cities, six mail channels have been introduced recently. They are called Rajdhani, Channel, Metro Channel, Green Channel, Business Channel, Bulk Mail Channel and, Periodical Channel., 12.1 Examine the role of the Indian postal network., , (1), , 12.2 Differentiate between mass communication and personal communication., (1), 12.3 Analyse the significance of communication for a nation., Section-E, , (2), , 1x3=3, , Map Skill Based Question, 13. 13.1 On the given outline Political Map of India, identify the place marked as A 3, with the help of following information and write its correct name on the line, marked near it., , (A)The place where Non Cooperation Movement was called off due to violence., (1), 13.2 On the same given map of India, locate the following:, (I) Namrup Thermal Plant, , (1), , OR, Noida Software Technology Park, (1), , Page, , 183, , (II) Raja Sansi (Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee) International Airport, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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Note: The following question is for Visually Impaired Candidates only in lieu of Q., No.13.1, 13.1 Name the State where the session of Indian National Congress was held in, 1927., , (1), , Note: The following questions are for Visually Impaired Candidates only in lieu of Q., No.13.2. Attempt ANY TWO questions., 13.2 Name the State where Namrup Thermal Plant is located., , (1), , 13.3 Name the State where Noida Software Technology Park is located., , (1), , 13.4 Name the city where Raja Sansi (Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee) International, (1), , Page, , 184, , Airport is located., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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MARKING SCHEME 2021-22, CLASS X- SOCIAL SCIENCE – TERM 2, , 1. How did the Non-Cooperation Movement unfold in the cities and towns of India?, Ans., (i), , The movement started with middle-class participation in the cities., , (ii), , Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and college., , (iii) Many teachers resigned., (iv) Lawyers gave up their legal practices., (v), , The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras., , (vi) Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth, burnt in huge bonfires., (vii) Any other relevant point, (Any two points), Unit -History, Ch - Nationalism in India – Page 34, 2, , Why is tourism considered as a trade?, , 2, , Ans., i., , Foreign tourist’s arrival in the country contributing to foreign exchange., ii. Many people are directly engaged in the tourism industry., iii. Tourism provides support to local handicrafts., iv. Tourists visit India for medical tourism, eco-tourism, adventure, tourism, cultural tourism and business tourism, v. Any other relevant, point. (Any two, points), Unit- Geography- Lifelines of National Economy Pg-88, Differentiate between one party and two party system., , 2, , Ans. A. One Party System, , 2. Eg. In China only Communist Party is allowed to rule., 3. Any other relevant point, B Two Party Syatem, 1. Countries where only two main parties contest elections are, called Two Party System., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 185, , 1. Countries where only one party is allowed to control and run the, government are called one party system., , Page, , 3
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2. The United States of America and United Kingdom are, examples of Two Party System., 3. Any other relevant point, Unit – Political Science, Ch – Political Parties – Page 77, 4. State the role of Reserve Bank of India., , 2, , Ans., 1. In India, the Reserve Bank of India issues currency notes on behalf of, the Central Government., 2. The RBI supervises the functioning of formal sources of loans., 3. The RBI monitors the banks in actually maintaining cash balance., 4. The RBI sees that the banks give loans not just to profit-making, businesses and traders but also to small cultivators., 5. Any other relevant point., (Any two points), Unit – Economics, Ch – Money and Credit – Page 40 & 48, 5. Read the data in the table given below and answer the questions that, , 2, , follow:, Total production of finished steel in India, Year, , Production, (in million tonnes), , 2015 - 2016, , 106.60, , 2016 - 2017, , 120.14, , 2017 - 2018, , 126.85, , 2018 - 2019, , 101.29, , 2019 - 2020, , 102.62, , 5.1 Compare the 2015-2016 and 2019-2020 data and give any one reason, for the reduction of production of steel in 2019 - 2020., , 1., 2., , High costs, Limited availability of coking coal, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , Ans., , 186, , (1)
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3. Lower productivity of labour, 4. Irregular supply of energy, 5. Any other relevant point, (Any one point), 5.2 Why is production and consumption of steel considered as an index of, a country’s development?, , (1), , Ans., 1. The steel products are used as a raw material in different industries., 2. It is required for export., 3. It provides machinery for ensuring country’s growth., 4. Any other relevant point., (Any one point), Unit Geography, Ch – Manufacturing Industries – Page 69, 6, , Why do most of the rural households still remain dependent on the, informal sources of credit?, , (3), , Ans., (i) Limited availability of Banks in rural areas., (ii) People in the rural areas face problem with regard to documentation., (iii) Absence of collateral is one of the major reasons which prevents the, poor from getting bank loans., (iv) Rural people get easy loans from the richer households through, informal ways., (v) Any other relevant point., (Any three points), Unit – Economics, Ch – Money and Credit – Page 50, , OR, How do Self Help Groups help borrowers to overcome the problem of lack of, collateral? Explain., , (v) Any other relevant, point. (Any three, points), , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , (ii) SHGs are regular in their savings which can be used as monetary help., (iii) Members can take small loans without collateral to meet their needs., (iv) Due to timely repayment banks also lend loans to SHGs., , 187, , (i) People can get timely loans for a variety of purposes and at a, reasonable interest rate.
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Unit – Economics, Ch – Money and Credit – Page 51, “Tribal peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the idea, of swaraj in another way and participated in the Non-Cooperation, , 7, , Movement differently.” Justify the statement., , (3), , Ans., (i) Spread of militant guerrilla movement in the Gudem Hills of Andhra, Pradesh., (ii) They were against colonial policies., (iii) Their livelihood was affected and their traditional rights were denied., (iv) Their leader Alluri Sitaram Raju was inspired by the Non Cooperation, Movement and persuaded people to wear khadi and give up drinking., (v) He wanted liberation by the use of force., (vi) The rebels attacked police stations and carried on guerrilla warfare for, achieving swaraj., (vii) Any other relevant point, (To be evaluated as a whole) Unit -History, Ch Nationalism in India – Page 35-36, 8, , Examine the role of Political Parties in a democratic country., , (3), , Ans., (i) Parties form and run governments., (ii) Parties play a decisive role in making policies for the country., (iii) They recruit leaders and train them., (iv) Parties that lose the election form the opposition., (v) Parties shape public opinion., (vi) Parties provide the common man access to government machinery, and welfare schemes., (vii) Any other relevant point, , 9, , “Democracy’s ability to generate its own support is itself an outcome that, cannot be ignored”. Support the statement with examples., , (5), , Ans., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , Unit – Political Science, Ch - 6 Political Parties – Page 74, , 188, , (Any three points)
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(i) Democracy ensures that decision making will be based on norms and, procedure., (ii) Every citizen has the right and means to examine the process of, decision making., (iii) Democratic governments are accountable, legitimate and transparent, governments., (iv) People have the right to choose their rulers., (v) Democracy gives its citizens the right to information about the, government and its functioning., (vi) A democratic government is the people’s own government and it is, run by the people., (vii) Any other relevant point, (Any five points), Unit – Political Science, Ch- Outcomes of Democracy, Page 92, OR, ‘There is an overwhelming support for the idea of democracy in South, Asia.’ Support the statement with examples., Ans., (i) Democratic government is peoples own government., (ii) Countries from South Asia want democratic rights for people., (iii) Countries want to elect their representatives by themselves., (iv) Democracy provides dignity and freedom to its citizens., (v) Democracy accommodates social diversity., (vi) Democracy is based on the idea of discussion and negotiation., (vi) Eg. India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, (vii) Any other relevant point, (Any five points), Unit – Political Science, Ch- Outcomes of Democracy, Page 92, , Examine the role of Information Technology in stimulating the process of, (5), , Ans., (i) Technology has been changing rapidly., , 189, , globalization., , Page, , 10, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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(ii) Telecommunication facilities (telegraph, telephone including mobile, phones, fax) are used to contact and access information, (iii) Helps to communicate from remote areas., (iv) Development of satellite communication devices., (v) Computers have now entered almost every field of activity., (vi) One can obtain and share information through internet., (vii) Electronic mail (e-mail) and talk (voice-mail) across the world at, negligible costs, (viii), , Has played a major role in spreading out production of services across, countries, , (ix) Any other relevant point, (Any five points), Unit – Economics, Ch- Globalization, Page -63, OR, Assess the impact of globalization on India and its people., Ans., (i) Globalization has resulted in more choices for the consumers, (ii) This has improved the standard of living of people, (iii) MNCs have increased their investments in industries such as cellphones, automobiles, electronics, soft drinks, etc., (iv) New jobs have been created., (v) Some local companies that supply raw materials to MNCs have also, benefited., (vi) Some local companies have been able to invest in newer technology, and production methods., (vii) Globalisation has enabled some large companies such as Tata, Motors, Infosys to emerge as multi-national companies., (viii) Companies providing services have also benefited by globalisation., (ix) Flexibility in labour laws, (x) Expansion of unorganised sector, , Any other relevant, point (Any five points), Unit – Economics, Ch- Globalization, Page -66, , Read the given text and answer the following questions:, ‘It is said of “passive resistance” that it is the weapon of the weak, but the, power which is the subject of this article can be used only by the strong. This, STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 4, , Page, , (xii), , 190, , (xi) Stiff competition to the local producers
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power is not passive resistance; indeed, it calls for intense activity. The movement in, South Africa was not passive but active …, ‘Satyagraha is not physical force. A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the, adversary; he does not seek his destruction … In the use of satyagraha, there is no, ill-will whatever., ‘Satyagraha is pure soul-force. Truth is the very substance of the soul. That is why, this force is called satyagraha. The soul is informed with knowledge. In it burns the, flame of love. … Nonviolence is the supreme dharma …‘It is certain that India cannot, rival Britain or Europe in force of arms. The British worship the war-god and they, can all of them become, as they are becoming, bearers of arms. The hundreds of, millions in India can never carry arms. They have made the religion of non-violence, their own ...’, 11.1. Why did Gandhiji consider nonviolence as supreme dharma? (1), Gandhiji adopted nonviolence as a philosophy and an ideal way of life. According to, him philosophy of nonviolence is not a weapon of the weak; it is a weapon, which, can be tried by all., 11.2 How was Gandhian satyagraha taken by the people who believed in, his philosophy?, , (1), , A satyagrahi does not inflict pain on the adversary; he does not seek his destruction., In the use of satyagraha, there is no ill-will., 11.3 Why was Gandhian satyagraha considered as a novel way to resist, injustice?, , (2), , (i) One could win the battle through nonviolence., (ii) This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor., (iii) People – including the oppressors – had to be persuaded to see the truth,, instead of being forced to accept truth through the use of violence., (iv) Any other relevant point, (Any two points), Unit -History, Ch - Nationalism in India – Page 30, , Ever since humans appeared on the earth, they have used different means of, communication. But, the pace of change, has been rapid in modern times. Long, distance communication is far easier without physical movement of the, communicator or receiver. Personal communication and mass communication, STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 191, , 4, Read the given text and answer the following questions:, , Page, , 12
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including television, radio, press, films, etc. are the major means of, communication in the country. The Indian postal network is the largest in the, world. It handles parcels as well as personal written communications. Cards and, envelopes are considered first-class mail and are airlifted between stations, covering both land and air. The second-class mail includes book packets,, registered newspapers and periodicals. They are carried by surface mail,, covering land and water transport. To facilitate quick delivery of mails in large, towns and cities, six mail channels have been introduced recently. They are called, Rajdhani Channel, Metro Channel, Green Channel, Business Channel, Bulk Mail, Channel and Periodical Channel., 12.1 Examine the role of the Indian postal network., , (1), , (i) It has helped the country to engage in communication and social-economic, development., (ii) It provides various facilities like speed post, business post, registered post,, ordinary post., (iii) Any other relevant point, (Any one), 12.2 Differentiate between mass communication and personal, communication., (1), (i) Mass Communication is the medium which provides entertainment as well, as creates awareness among the masses. It includes radio, television,, newspapers, magazines, books, films etc. whereas Personal Communication, is between person to person., (ii) Any other relevant point, (Any one), 12.3 Analyse the significance of communication for a nation., , (i) This is the age of communication using the telephone, television, films, and, the Internet., (ii) Even books, magazines and newspapers are important means of, communication., (iii) Various means of communication have connected the world closer, (iv) It is the source of entertainment and knowledge., (v) Any other relevant point, (Any one), , Page, , Unit- Geography- Lifelines of National Economy Pg-86, , 192, , (2), , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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13., , 13.1 On the given outline Political Map of India, identify the place marked as, A with the help of following information and write its correct name on the, line marked near it., A- The place where Non Cooperation Movement called off due to violence., Ans. Chauri Chaura (UP), , (1), , 13.2 On the same given map of India, locate the following –, (I) Namrup Thermal Plant, Or, Noida Software Technology Park, , (1), , (II), , (1), , Raja Sansi (Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee) International Airport, , Note: The following question is for Visually Impaired Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No.13.1., 13.1 Name the State where the session of Indian National Congress was, held in 1927. (1) Ans. Madras, Note: The following questions are for Visually Impaired Candidates only, in lieu of Q. No.13.2 Attempt any two questions., 13.2 Name the State where Namrup Thermal Plant is located., , (1), , Ans. Uttar Pradesh, 13.4 Name the city where Raja Sansi (Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee), International Airport is located., , (1), , Ans. Amritsar, STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 13.3 Name the State where Noida Software Technology Park is located. (1), , 193, , Ans. Assam
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SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 2021-22 - 1, TERM II, CLASS X, SOCIAL SCIENCE - CODE 087, Time Allowed: 2 Hours, Maximum Marks: 40, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------General Instructions:, i. This Question paper is divided into five sections-Section A, B, C, D and E., ii. All questions are compulsory., iii. Section-A: Question no. 1 to 5 are very short answer type questions of 2, marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words. iv., Section-B: Question no. 6 to 8 are short answer type questions, carrying, 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words., v. Section-C: Question no. 9 and 10 are long answer type questions,, carrying 5 marks each., Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words., vi. Section-D: Question no. 11 and 12 are Case Based questions. vii., Section-E: Question no. 13 is map based, carrying 3 marks with two, parts, 13.1 from History (1 mark) and 13.2 from Geography (2 marks)., viii. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal, choice has been provided in a few questions. Only one of the choices in, such questions have to be attempted., ix. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and, question, wherever necessary., Section A, Very Short Answer Questions, 2x5=10, 1. Why did Mahatma Gandhi perceive salt as a powerful symbol that could, unite the nation?, 2, , 2, , 4. What are the terms of credit?, , 2, , Page, , 3. What is the role of the opposition party in a democracy?, , 194, , 2. Why is international trade considered as the economic barometer of a, country?, 2, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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5. Read the data in the table given below and answer the questions that follow:, Sectors, Mills, Powerloom, Handloom, , Share of production, 6.00 %, 54.17 %, 23 %, , Loomage, 1,33 lakhs, 14 lakhs, N.A., , 5.1 Compare the production of the three sectors and mention which sector, has maximum share in the production of fabric., (1), 5.2 Why is it important for the country to keep the mill sector loomage lower, than the power loom and the handloom?, (1), , Section B, Short Answer Type Question, 3x3=9, 6. “Cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the country’s development” –, Explain., 3, Or, Which government body supervises the functioning of banks? In what ways is, the supervision done?, 3, 7. “Plantation Workers had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi’s ideas and, the notion of Swaraj” Explain this statement, 3, 8. “Lack of internal democracy within parties is the major challenge to political, parties all over the world”- Analyse the statement., 3, , Section C, Long Answer Type Questions, 5x2=10, 9 “Democracy leads to peaceful and harmonious life among people in the, world” Support the statement with examples, 5, , 10. Analyse the importance of MNCs in promoting the Globalisation process., 5, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , “The fact that people are complaining is itself a testimony to the success of, democracy” Justify this statement., 5, , 195, , Or
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Or, Mention any five positive effects of Globalisation on Indian economy., , 5, , Section D, Case-based Questions, 4x2=8, 11. Read the given text and answer the following questions., Many nationalists thought that the struggle against the British could not, be won through non-violence. In 1928 the Hindustan Socialist Republican, Army (HSRA) was founded at a meeting in Firoze Shah Kotla, in Delhi., Amongst its leaders were Bhagat Singh, Jatin Das andAjoy Ghosh. In a, series of dramatic activities in different parts of India, the HSRA targeted, some of the symbols of British power. In April 1929 Bhagat Singh and, Batukeswar Dutta threw a bomb in the Legislative Assembly. In the same, year there was an attempt to blow up the train Lord Irwin was travelling, in. Bhagat Singh was 23 when he was tried and executed by the Colonial, government. During his trial Bhagat Singh stated that he did not wish to, glorify “the cult of the bomb and the pistol”, but wanted a revolution in, society:, “Revolution is the inalienable right of mankind. Freedom is the, imprescriptible birthright of all”. The labourer is the real sustainer of, society…….. To the altar of this revolution we have brought our youth as, incense, for no sacrifice is too great for so magnificent a cause. We are, content, We await the advent of revolution. Inquilab Zindabad”, 11.1 How were the activities of HSRA different from that of Gandhiji’s, ideology?, (1), 11.2 What was Bhagat Singh’s message to the youth?, , (1), , 11.3 How did Bhagat Singh justify the activities of HSRA during his trial? (2), 12. Read the given text and answer the given questions:, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , Over 2.6 million foreign tourists visit India every year. More than 15, million people are directly engaged in tourism industry. Tourism also, promotes national integration, provides support to local handicrafts and, cultural pursuits. It also helps the development of international, understanding about our culture and heritage. Foreign tourists visit India, for heritage tourism, eco tourism, adventure tourism, cultural tourism,, medical tourism and business tourism., , 196, , Tourism in India has grown substantially over the last three decades., Foreign tourists’ arrivals in the country witnessed an increase of 23.5%, during the last decade thus contributing Rs 21,828 crores of foreign, exchange.
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Rajasthan, Goa, Jammu and Kashmir and temple towns of South India, are important destinations of foreign tourists in India. There is vast, potential of tourism development in the north-eastern states and interior, parts of Himalayas, but due to strategic reasons these have not been, encouraged so far. However, there lies a brigh future ahead in this tourism, industry., 12.1 Mention some of the most important destinations of the foreign tourists, in India., (1), 12.2 Why has tourism not developed in the north-eastern states of India, and the interior parts of Himalayas despite having a vast potential for, tourism?, (1), 12.3 What are the benefits of tourism like a country like India?, , (2), , Section E, Map Skill Based Question, 1x3=3, 13, 13.1 On the given outline political map of India, identify the place marked as A, with the help of the following information and write its correct name on, the line marked near it., (A) The place associated with the Civil Disobedience Movement., , (1), , 13.2. On the same give map of India locate the following:, (I) Kalpakkam Nuclear Power Plant, Or, (1), , (II) Netaji Subash Chandra Bose international airport., , (1), , Page, , 197, , Gandhi Nagar Software Technology park, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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Page, , 198, , A, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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Marking Scheme 2021-22, Term 2, Class X- Social Science – Code 087, 1. Why did Mahatma Gandhi perceive salt as a powerful symbol that could unite the, nation, 2, (i) Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike., (ii) The tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production revealed the, most oppressive face of the British rule., (iii) Gandhiji thought that salt could be used as a powerful symbol to unite the people., 2. Why is International trade considered as the economic barometer of country?, 2, (i) It is important for the development of a country. Advancement of international, trade is an index of its economic prosperity, (ii) As resources are space bound, no country can survive without international trade., (iii) It enables a country to earn foreign exchange, 3. What is the role of the opposition party in a democracy?, , 2, , (i) It gives its own opinion on the policies of the ruling party., (ii) It puts different views in the parliament and criticises the government for its, failures of wrong policies., (iii) Opposition will keep a check on the ruling party and it will compel the ruling, party to change its stand, 4. What are the terms of credit?, , 2, , (i) Interest rate, (ii) Collateral, (iii) Documentation, (iv) Mode of payment, 5. Read the data given in the table below and answer the following questions., 2, 5.1 Compare the production in the three sectors and mention which sector has, maximum share in the production of fabrics, (1), , (i) By lowering the loomage of the mills, poor workers can gain and meet the, competition with mass goods production., (ii) Handlooms will help in providing jobs in the rural areas and minimise the, migration of villagers to the cities., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 5.2 Why is it important for the country to keep the mill sector loomage lower than, the powerloom and handloom?, (1), , 199, , (i) Powerloom
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6. Cheap and affordable credit is crucial for the country’s development. Explain, 3, (i) Credit helps in increasing earnings and therefore the person’s standard of living, increases., (ii) Credit helps to generate capital for future development., (iii) Credit helps in the development of infra structure which in turn will result in, overall development., 7. “Plantation Workers had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi’s ideas and, the notion of Swaraj” Explain this statement., 3, (i) For plantation workers freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of their, confined space in which they were enclosed., (ii) Swaraj meant for them, maintaining a link with the village from where they had, come., (iii) Under the Inland Immigration Act of 1859 plantation workers were not permitted, to leave the tea gardens without permission., (iv) When they heard of the non-cooperation movement thousands of workers defied, the authorities, left the plantations and headed home., (v) They believed that Gandhiraj was coming and that everyone would be given land, in their village., 8. “Lack of internal democracy within parties is the major challenge to political, parties all over the world”, 3, (i) All over the world there is a tendency among political parties to concentrate power, in one or a few leaders at the top., (ii) Parties do not maintain membership registers and do not hold organisational, meetings., (iii) They do not conduct internal elections regularly., (iv) Ordinary members of the party are ignorant about major decisions taken by the, party., (v) The leaders assume greater powers to make decisions in the name of the party., 9. Democracy leads to peaceful and harmonious life among people in the world., Support this statement with examples., 5, (i) No society can fully and permanently resolve conflicts among different groups., , (iv) The rule of the majority does not become rule by majority on the basis of racial, or linguistic groups., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , (iii) Democracy is not simply rule by majority opinion. The majority always needs to, work with the minority, so that the government can function by representing the, opinion of the common people., , 200, , (ii) Democracy is more suitable to resolve conflicts as it respects the differences and, evolves a mechanism to negotiate these differences.
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(v) Rule by majority means that in case of every election or every decision, different, persons and groups may form a majority., Or, “The fact that people are complaining is itself a testimony to the success of, democracy.” Justify this statement., (i) Democracy supports dignity and freedom of citizens., (ii) Some people always feel that they are not treated with due respect. The passion, for respect and freedom are the basis of democracy., (iii) Democracy strengthens the claims of disadvantaged and discriminated classes, for equal status and equal opportunity., (iv) As democracy passes one test, it produces another test. As people get some, benefits of democracy, they ask for more and want to make democracy even more, better., (v) When we ask people about the way democracy functions, they will always come, up with more expectations and many complaints. The fact that people are, complaining is itself a testimony to the success of democracy., 10. Analyse the importance of MNCs in the Globalisation process., , 5, , (i) MNCs have lead to availability of products from all over the world, for example, India has MNCs like Hyundai which has led to greater availability of cars from other, countries., (ii) MNCs from developing countries are also reaching out to developed countries like, Tata Tea, Tate Motors, etc., (iii) It lead to greater movement of labour across the world., (iv) MNCs have increased the inflow of foreign capital across different countries., (vi) This has led to transfer of education and technology e.g. Samsung brings in more, advanced technology for manufacturing electronic goods in countries like India, Or, (i) The emergence of MNCs has led to increased competitions among producers. This, competition has benefitted the well-off sections of consumers in urban areas., (ii) It has lead to greater choice among goods and consumers enjoy improved quality, at lower price., (iii) People enjoy higher standard of living, (iv) Local companies have prospered., , 11. Read the following text and answer the following questions, , 4, , 11.1 How were the activities of HSRA different from that of Gandhiji’s ideology?, (1), STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , (vi) Many Indian companies have emerged as MNCs themselves., , 201, , (v) Top companies are able to benefit with improvement in technology and more, investment.
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(i) The leaders of HSRA thought that the struggle against the British could not be, won through non-violence., (ii) In a series of dramatic activities in different parts of India the HSRA targeted some, of the symbols of British power., 11.2 What was Bhagat Singh’s message to the youth?, , (1), , (i) Bhagat Singh called upon the youth to sacrifice their life at the altar of the, revolution which was being organised for the cause of India’s freedom., 11.3 How did Bhagat Singh justify the activities of HSRA during his trial?, , (2), , (i) During his trial, Bhagat Singh stated that he did not wish to glorify “the Cult of, the bomb and the pistol”, but wanted a revolution in the society., (ii) He felt that revolution is the inalienable right of mankind and that freedom is our, birthright. According to him no sacrifice is too great for so magnificent a cause. He, awaited the advent of revolution., 12. Read the given text and answer the given questions, , 4, , 12.1 Mention some of the most important destinations of the foreign tourists in India., (1), (i) Rajasthan, Goa, Jammu and Kashmir and temple towns of South India., 12.2 Why has tourism not developed in the north-eastern states of India and the, interior parts of the Himalayas despite having a vast potential for tourism., (1), (i) Most of these areas are inaccessible and are covered with dense forests and hilly, terrain., (ii) Natural calamities like floods and landslides often pose problems to tourists., (iii) Inadequate infra structural facilities., (iv) Porous borders, 12.3 What are the benefits of tourism in a country like India?, , (2), , (i) It helps in earning foreign exchange, (ii) It promotes national integration, (iii) It provides help to local handicrafts and cultural pursuits., (iv) It helps in the development of international understanding of our culture and, heritage., , (1), , 13.2 This a is map question involving location of places, , (2), , Page, , 13.1 The place associated with Civil Disobedience Movement is Dandi, , 202, , 13.On a given outline political map of India identify the place marked as A (3), , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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203, Page, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER - 2, TERM II, CLASS X, SOCIAL SCIENCE- CODE 087, Time Allotted: 2 Hours, 40, , Maximum Marks -, , General Instructions:, i. This Question paper is divided into five sections-Section A, B, C, D and E., ii. All questions are compulsory., iii. Section-A: Question no. 1 to 5 are very short answer type questions of 2, marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words., iv. Section-B: Question no. 6 to 8 are short answer type questions, carrying 3, marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words., v. Section-C: Question no. 9 and 10 are long answer type questions, carrying 5, marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120 words., vi. Section-D: Question no. 11 and 12 are Case Based questions., vii. Section-E: Question no. 13 is map based, carrying 3 marks with two parts,, 13.1 from History (1 mark) and 13.2 from Geography (2 marks)., viii. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal, choice has been provided in a few questions. Only one of the choices in such, questions have to be attempted., ix. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and, question, wherever necessary., , 1. Explain the reasons for launching Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920, 2. Differentiate favourable and unfavourable balance of trade., 3. State any two demerits of Multi Party System, 4. Define terms of credit, , 2, 2, 2, 2, , Page, , 5. Read the data in the table given below and answer the question that follow: 2, , 204, , SECTION- A (Very Short Answer Questions) 2x5=10, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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Production details of Fertiliser in India, Year, , Production (in million tonnes), , 1950-60, , 201.6, , 1960-70, , 450.4, , 1970-80, , 1113.5, , 2018-19, , 41564.0, , 2019-20, , 42752.2, , 5.1 What change you notice in the production of fertiliser after 1960s., 5.2 Why do we expand fertiliser Industry in India?, , 1, 1, , Section – B ( Short Answer type Questions), 6. Why do we extend formal sector credit in rural area?, , 3, , OR, SHG will help to eradicate poverty in rural areas.Do you agree with the, Statement. Why?, 7. What were the major decisions taken by Lahore session of the INC in 1929?, 3, 8. We cannot think about modern democracy without political parties., Comment., 3, , Section – C ( Long Answer Type Questions), 9. Do you think Democracy is the best political system available? Comment., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , OR, Explain challenges faced by political parties?, 10. Globalisation has become a reality now .Describe the steps taken by the, government for globalisation process., 5, OR, Assess the positive impact of Globalisation in India, , 205, , 5
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Section –D (Case Based Questions), 11. Read the given text and answer the following:, , 4, , Tribal peasants interpreted the message of Mahatma Gandhi and the, idea of swaraj in yet another way.For instance, a militant movement spread in, Andhra Pradesh under the leadership of Alluri Sitaram Raju. Here , as in other, forest region, the colonial government had closed large forest areas, preventing, people from entering the forest to graze their cattle, or to collect forest products., This enraged the hill people. Not only were their livelihoods affected but they felt, that their traditional rights were being denied. When the government began, forcing them to do begar for road building, the hill people revolted under the, leadership of Alluri Sitaram Raju. Raju talked about the greatness of Mahatma, Gandhi and persuaded people to involve in Non Co-operation Movement. But at, the same time he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, ,not non-violence. The Gudem rebels attacked police station, attempted to kill, British officials and carried on guerrilla warfare for achieving swaraj. Raju was, arrested and executed in 1924, and over time became a folk hero., , 11. 1 Why did forest people turn against British rule in Gudem hills?, 11. 2 What was the policy adopted by Alluri Sitaram Raju as part of, Freedom struggle., 11.3 Explain the reaction of the tribal communities towards NonCooperation Movement., , 1, , 12. Read the given text and answer the following questions:, , 4, , 1, 2, , Pipeline transport network is a new arrival on the transportation map of, India. In the past, these were used to transport water to cities and industries. Now,, these are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from, , slurry.The far inland locations of refineries like Barauni, Mathura, Panipat and, gas based fertiliser plants could be thought of only because of pipelines.Initial, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , plants. Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into, , 206, , oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertiliser factories and big thermal power
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cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs are minimal. It rules, out trans-equipment losses or delays., 12.1 Examine the recent changes of pipeline transportation., , 1, , 12.2 Name the industries depended on Pipeline transportation., , 1, , 12.3 Assess the importance of pipeline transportation in our economy., , 2, , Section- E ( Map Based Question), , 13. On the given outline map of India , identify the place marked as A with the, help of following information and write its correct name on the line marked, near it., , (3), , (A) The place where Gandhiji organised salt march as part of Civil, , 1, , Disobedience Movement., 13.2 On the same given map of India, locate the following:, (1) Digboi oil drilling station, , 1, , OR, Bhilai Steel Plant, 1, , Page, , 207, , (II) Haldia Seaport, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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208, Page, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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ANSWER KEY, , 1. A. Amritsar tragedy, B. Khilafat issue C. Rowlatt Act , D. Exploitation and, brutal suppression, E. British govt. not accepted the demand Swaraj (any two, points)., , 10. 1. Adopted liberalisation policy., STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 4. It allows room to correct its own mistakes., 5. People enjoy political rights., OR, 1. Dynastic succession, 2. No internal democracy, 3. No membership register, 4. Nepotism and bribary, 5. Money power and muscle power, , 209, , 2. Favourable- value of export exceeds over imports, Unfavourable-value of import exceeds over exports, 3. Corruption, Delay of decision making, Lack of stable govt. Poor, administration., 4. Interest rate, Collateral and documentation, Mode of repayment together, comprise terms of credit., 5. 1. After green revolution the production increased rapidly., 2. To meet the growing demand of the agricultural sector and increasing food, production., 6. 1. To generate employment, 2. To reduce exploitation from money lenders., 3. To eradicate poverty, 4. To strengthen rural economy., 7. 1. To celebrate Independence day on 26 January 1930, 2. Slogan changed from swaraj to poorna swaraj, 3. Decided to launch second mass movement (CDM) under the leadership of, Gandhiji., 8. 1.Political parties are the most visible institutions in a democratic system., 2. They help the smooth functioning of democracy by involving in election, forming government, working as opposition ,mobilising people etc., 9. Democracy is the best system because, 1. It enhances the dignity of the individual, 2. Ensures the dignity of the citizen., 3. Provides Individual freedom
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2. Privatisation policy implemented in every field, 3. Many of the old rules and regulations in connection with export , import, have been changed., 4. Adopted new economic policy based on Globalisation, 5. Permitted FDI., 6. Became member of WTO., OR, 1. Indian economy boosted by integrating other economies of the world., 2. Employment increased in IT sector., 3. Many Indian companies became MNCs, 4. Market expanded and consumers have more choices, 5. Price of electronic goods decreased., 6. FDI increased., 11. 1. Tribal people lost their livelihood due to the economic exploitation and, forest rules ., 11.2 Alluri Sitaram Raju had no belief in non- violent movement against, Brtish., He wanted to overthrow the British rule by using force., 11.3. Tribal people thought that Non-Cooperation movement would give them, land, wages, freedom of work and ending many social issues faced by, them., So they were actively joined with the movement., 12.1. In the beginning it was used mainly for water supply to urban areas and, Industrial centers. Now it is mainly used for the transportation of crude oil, Petroleum and natural gas to refineries,fertilizer factories and thermal, stations, 12.2. Oil refineries, fertilizer factories, thermal stations, petrochemicals etc., 12.3. Pipeline transport supports many industries by supplying raw materials, Continuously and help to speed up production activities., It is very safe and running costs are minimal.It rules out trans-shipment, losses., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 13. A. Dandi in Gujarat, 13. (2). 1. Assam OR Chatisgarh, 13. II. West Bengal, , 210, , Map Questions
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SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER 2021-22 - 3, TERM II, CLASS X SOCIAL SCIENCE - CODE 087, Time Allowed: 2 Hours, MM-40, ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- General Instructions:, i. This Question paper is divided into five sections-Section A, B, C, D and E., ii. All questions are compulsory., iii. Section-A: Question no. 1 to 5 are very short answer type questions of 2, marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 40 words., iv. Section-B: Question no. 6 to 8 are short answer type questions, carrying, 3 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 80 words., v. Section-C: Question no. 9 and 10 are long answer type questions,, carrying 5 marks each. Answer to each question should not exceed 120, words., vi. Section-D: Question no. 11 and 12 are Case Based questions., vii. Section-E: Question no. 13 is map based, carrying 3 marks with two, parts, 13.1 from History (1 mark) and 13.2 from Geography (2 marks)., viii. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, an internal, choice has been provided in a few questions. Only one of the choices in such, questions have to be attempted., ix. In addition to this, separate instructions are given with each section and, question, wherever necessary., , SECTION-A Very Short Answer Questions, , [2* 5=10], , Q.1 Analyse any two reasons for slow down of Non-Cooperation Movement in, cities., 2, Q.2 Describe four major problems faced by the Road transport in India. 2, Q.3. Describe the necessity of political parties in a democratic country? 2, , Total production of finished steel in India, Year, , Production, (in million tonnes), , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 211, , Q.5, Read the data in the table given below and answer the questions, that follow:, , 2, , Page, , Q.4 State the role of Reserve Bank of India.
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2015-2016, , 106.60, , 2016-2017, , 120.14, , 2017-2018, , 126.85, , 2018-2019, , 101.29, , 2019-2020, , 102.62, , 5.1 Compare the 2015-2016 and 2019-2020 data and give any one reason, for the reduction of production of steel in 2019-2020. 1, 5.2 Why is production and consumption of steel considered as an index of a, country’s development?, 1, , Section-B, Short Answer Type Questions, 3X3 =9, Q.6 Why is modern currency accepted as a medium of exchange without any, use of its own? Find out the reason., 3, OR., Imagine yourself to be XYZ, a member of a woman Self Help Group. Analyse, the ways through which your group provides loan to the members., 3, Q.7 Why did Gandhiji start Non-Cooperation Movement? Explain. 3, Q.8 Describe the role of political parties in India., , 3, , Section-C, Long Answer Type Questions, Q.9. Describe any five Outcomes of Democracy., , (5x2 =10), 5, , OR, Why do we feel that Democracy is a better form of government than any, other form? Explain., , Explain any five effects of globalization., Section-D, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , OR, , 212, , Q.10. “Information and Communication technology has played a major role, in spreading out production of services across countries.” Justify the, statement with examples., 5
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Case Based Questions, , ( 4x2 =8), , Q.11. Read the given text and answer the following questions., , 4, , Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in January 1915. As you know, he had, come from South Africa where he had successfully fought he racist regime, with a novel method of mass agitation, which he called satyagraha. The idea, of satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and the need to search for truth., It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice,, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor. Without seeking, vengeance or being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle through, nonviolence. This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the, oppressor. People – including the oppressors – had to be persuaded to see the, truth, instead of being forced to accept truth through the use of violence. By, this struggle, truth was bound to ultimately triumph. Mahatma Gandhi, believed that this dharma of non-violence could unite all Indians. After, arriving in India, Mahatma Gandhi successfully organised satyagraha, movements in various places. In 1916 he travelled to Champaran in Bihar to, inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system., Then in 1917, he organised a satyagraha to support the peasants of the Kheda, district of Gujarat. Affected by crop failure and a plague epidemic, the, peasants of Kheda could not pay the revenue, and were demanding that, revenue collection be relaxed. In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi went to Ahmedabad, to organise a satyagraha movement amongst cotton mill workers., 11.1 What was the idea of Satyagarha?, , 1, , 11.2 Examine the role of Mahatma Gandhi in Champaran., , 1, , 11.3 “ Mahatma Gandhi started satyagarha movement on different places of, Gujarat”. Why?, 2, , Ever since humans appeared on the earth, they have used different means, of communication. But, the pace of change has been rapid in modern times., Long distance communication is far easier without physical movement of the, communicator or receiver. Personal communication and mass, communication including television, radio, press, films, etc. are the major, means of communication in the country. The Indian postal network is the, largest in the world. It handles parcels as well as personal written, communications. Cards and envelopes are considered first-class mail and, are airlifted between stations covering both land and air. The second-class, mail includes book packets, registered newspapers and periodicals. They are, carried by surface mail, covering land and water transport. To facilitate, quick delivery of mails in large towns and cities, six mail channels have, been introduced recently. They are called Rajdhani Channel, Metro Channel,, Green Channel, Business Channel, Bulk Mail Channel and Periodical, Channel., Q12.1 Which things are part of mass communication?, , 1, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , 213, , 4, , Page, , Q.12 Read the given text and answer the following questions.
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Q12.2 Which things we can include in the second- class mail?, , 1, , Q.12.3. 1 Examine the role of the Indian postal network., , 2, , Section-E, Map Skill Based Question, , ( 1x3 =3), , Q.13 On the given outline Political Map of India, identify the place marked, as A with the help of following information and write its correct name on the, line marked near it., 13.1.(A) The place where session of Indian National Congress held in, September 1920., , 1, , 13.2. Noida software technology park, , 1, , 13.3 Tarapur Nuclear Power Plant., , 1, , OR, , Page, , 214, , Indira Gandhi Airport – Delhi, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
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MARKING SCHEME 2021-22, TERM II, , CLASS X, , SOCIAL SCIENCE - CODE 087, TIME- 2 HR, , MM-40, , 1. Reasons for slowing down of Non-Cooperation Movement:, (i) The Indians could not boycott for a long time because, Khadi cloth, was more expensive than mass produced mill cloth and poor people, could not afford to buy it., (ii) The Boycott of British institutions posed a problem as alternative, Indian institutions had to be set up so that they could be used in place, of British ones., (iii) Students and teachers began trickling back to government schools, and lawyers joined back work in government courts in the absence of, alternate Indian Institutions. Any other relevant point. (Any two), , 4. Ans. (i) In India, the Reserve Bank of India issues currency notes on, behalf of the Central Government., (ii) The RBI supervises the functioning of formal sources of loans., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 3. Political parties are necessary for democratic countries because:, (i) Without political parties, democracies cannot exist., (ii) If we do not have political parties, in such a situation every, candidate in elections will be independent., (iii) No one will be able to make any promises to the people about any, major policy changes. (iv) The government may be formed, but its utility, will remain uncertain., (v) Elected representatives will be accountable to their constituency for, what they do in their locality. But no one will be responsible for how the, country will run., (vi) The role of an opposition party in a democracy necessitates the, existence of political parties., (vii) As societies become large and complex, they also need some, agencies to gather different views on various issues and to present these, to the government, that’s why, political parties are needed. (Any four)., , 215, , 2. Major problems faced by Road transport are:, (i) The road network is inadequate., (ii) About half of the Roads are unmetalled., (iii) This limits their usage during the Rainy season., (iv) The roadways are highly congested in cities., (v) Most of the Bridges and Culverts are old and narrow., (vi) Most of the Roads are not fit for smooth running. (Any four points, to be explained)
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(iii) The RBI monitors the banks in actually maintaining cash balance., (iv) The RBI sees that the banks give loans not just to profit-making, businesses and traders but also to small cultivators., (v) Any other relevant point. (Any two points)., Q.5, Read the data in the table given below and answer the questions, that follow:, Total production of finished steel in India, Year, , Production, (in million tonnes), , 2015-2016, , 106.60, , 2016-2017, , 120.14, , 2017-2018, , 126.85, , 2018-2019, , 101.29, , 2019-2020, , 102.62, , 5.1 Compare the 2015-2016 and 2019-2020 data and give any one reason, for the reduction of production of steel in 2019 - 2020., (1) Ans. (i) High costs, (ii) Limited availability of coking coal, (iii) Lower productivity of labour, (iv) Irregular supply of energy, (v) Any other relevant point (Any one point), 5.2 Why is production and consumption of steel considered as an index of a, country’s development?, (1) Ans. (i) The steel products are used as a raw material in different, industries., (ii) It is required for export., , 6. Modern currency is accepted as a medium of exchange without any, use of its own because: (i) Modern currency is authorised by the, government of a country., , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , (iv) Any other relevant point. (Any one point), , 216, , (iii) It provides machinery for ensuring country’s growth.
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(ii) In India, the Reserve Bank of India issues all currency notes on, behalf of the central government., (iii) No other individual or organisation is allowed to issue currency., (iv) The law legalises the use of rupee as a medium of payment that, cannot be refused in settling transactions in India., (v) No individual in India can legally refuse a payment made in rupees., (Any three) 1 × 3 = 3, OR, 6.. (i) Self Help Groups pool their savings., (ii) A typical SHG has 15–20 members, usually belonging to one, neighbourhood, who meet and save regularly., (iii) Saving per member varies from Rs. 25 to Rs. 100 or more,, depending on the ability of the people to save., (iv) Members can take small loans from the group itself to meet their, needs., (v) The group charges interest on these loans but this is still less than, what the moneylender charges., (vi) After a year or two, if the group is regular in savings, it becomes, eligible for availing loan from the bank. (Any Three Points) (1 × 3 = 3), 7. (i) Against Rowlatt Act, (ii) Jallianwala Bagh incidence, (iii) Khilafat Andolan (EXPLAIN) (1 × 3 = 3), , 8. Role of Political Parties:, (i) Parties contest elections., (ii) Parties put forward different policies and programmes., (iii) Parties form and run the government., (iv) Parties that lose in the election play the role of opposition, (v) Parties shape public opinion., (vi) Parties provide people access to government machinery and, welfare schemes. (Any other relevant point) [½ × 6 = 3], 9. Five Outcomes of Democracy:, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , (ii) Economic growth and development., (iii) Reduction of inequality and poverty., (iv)Accommodation of social diversity., (v) Dignity and freedom of the citizens., (vi)Any other relevant point to be explained. (Any five points to be, explained.) 1×5=5, , 217, , (i) Accountable, responsive and legitimate government.
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OR, 9 . Democracy is better form of government than other alternatives:, (i), Promotes equality among citizens., (II) Enhances the dignity of the individual., (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), , Improves the quality of decision making., Provides a method to resolve conflicts., Allows room to correct mistakes., Any other relevant point. (Any five points to be discussed), 1×5=5, , 10. Rapid improvement in technology has stimulated the, globalisation process:, (i), Transportation technology has made much faster delivery of, goods across long distances possible at lower costs., (II) There are even more remarkable developments in information and, communication technology., (ii), , Telecommunication facilities are used to contact one another, around the world, to access information instantly, and to, communicate from remote areas information instantly and to, communicate from remote areas., , (iv) Through the internet, one can obtain and share information on, almost anything. It also allows sending e-mail and talking across the, world at negligible costs., (V), , For example, a news magazine published for London readers is, to be designed and printed in Delhi. The text of the magazine is, sent through the internet to the Delhi office. The designers in the, Delhi office get orders on how to design the magazine from the, office in London using telecommunication facilities. The, designing is done on a computer. After printing, the magazines, are sent by air to London. Even the payment of money for, designing and printing from a bank in London to a bank in Delhi, is done instantly through the internet. 1 × 5 = 5, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22, , Page, , 10. Five effects of Globalization:, (i) Increased investments by MNCs., (ii) It created new opportunities for companies., (iii) Some large local companies like in India emerged as, Multinational Companies., (iv) Standards of living have been raised., , 218, , OR
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(iv), , (vi), , Several companies hit hard due to competition., (vi) Several workers rendered jobless due to shut down of, industries., Any other relevant point. (Any five points to be explained.), 1×5=5, CASE BASED QUESTION, 11.1 The idea of satyagraha emphasised the power of truth and, the need to search for truth. It suggested that if the cause was, true., 11.2 In 1916 Mahatma Gandhi travelled to Champaran in Bihar, to inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive, plantation system., , 11.3. in 1917, he organised a satyagraha to support the, peasants of the Kheda district of Gujarat. Affected by crop failure and a, plague epidemic, the peasants of Kheda could not pay the revenue, and were, demanding that revenue collection be relaxed. In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi, went to Ahmedabad to organise a satyagraha movement amongst cotton mill, workers., , 12.1 mass communication including television, radio, press, films, etc., 12.2. The second-class mail includes book packets, registered newspapers, and periodicals., 12.3. . The Indian postal network is the largest in the world. It handles parcels, as well as personal written communications. Cards and envelopes are, considered first-class mail and are airlifted between stations covering both, land and air. The second-class mail includes book packets, registered, newspapers and periodicals. They are carried by surface mail, covering land, and water transport. To facilitate quick delivery of mails in large towns and, cities, six mail channels have been introduced recently. They are called, Rajdhani Channel, Metro Channel, Green Channel, Business Channel, Bulk, Mail Channel and Periodical Channel., MAP BASED QUESTIONS, Noida, , 13.1 KOLKATA (W. B.), 13.2. Noida (U.P.), 13.3. Tarapur (Maharashtra), Tarapur, , Kolkata, , Page, , DELHI, , 219, , OR, , STUDENT SUPPORT MATERIAL ….CLASS X……SOCIAL SCIENCE (087) – TERM 2….2021-22
