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CHAPTER, , Breathing and, , 17, , Exchange of Gases, (c) (1), (2) and (4), , 17.1) Respiratory Organs, 1., , The, , shows, , figure, , a, , diagrammatic, , view of, , human, , Tidal volume and, , and D., , with labels A, B, C, , respiratory system, Select the option which gives, , (NEET 2020), , (d) only (4), , expiratory, , reserve, , volume of, , an, , athlete is 500 mL and 1000 mL respectively. What, will be his expiratory capacity if the residual volume, , correct identification, , and main function and / or characteristic., , is 1200 mL?, (a) 2700 mL, , (b) 1500 ml, , (C) 1700 mL, , (d) 2200 mL (NEET 2019), , Select the correct statement., , Bronchus, , (a), , Cut end of rib, , Expiration, , due to external intercostal, , occurs, , muscles., , (6) Intrapulmonary pressure is lower than the, , LUng, , (a) C Alveoli Thin walled vascular, , atmospheric pressure during inspiration., , like, , bag, , (c) Inspiration occurs when atmospheric pressure, , structures for exchange of gases., , (b), , - Lower, , D, , end, , of lungs Diaphragm pulls, , is less than intrapulmonary pressure., , it, , (c) A - Trachea Long tube supported by complete, , cartilaginous rings, , for, , conducting inspired, , air., , (d) B Pleural membrane Surround ribs on both, sides to provide cushion against rubbing., (NEET 2013), , is initiated due to contraction of, , (d) Expiration, , down during inspiration., , (Odisha NEET 2019), , diaphragm., 7., , Match the items given in column I with those in, column II and select the correct option given below., , -, , Lungs, , are enclosed in, , (a) periosteum, (C) pericardium, , (b) perichondrium, (d) pleural membrane., , (1996), 3., , Skin is an accessory organ of respiration in, (a) humans, C) rabbit, , (b) frog, (d) lizard., , Select the correct events that, inspiration., (1) Contraction of diaphragm, , volume, , (D) Residual volume, , (1990)|, , (4) Intra pulmonary pressure increases, (a) (1) and (2), , 1000, , 1100 mL, , (i), , (i), , (iv), , (b) (i) (i) (iv) (ii), (c) (i) (iv) (ii) (i), (d) (iv), , occur, , (iv), , (A) (B) (C) (D), , during, 8 . Lunor, Lungs, , (2) Contraction of external inter-costal muscles, (3) Pulmonary volume decreases, , (b) (3) and (4), , (i) 2500-3000 mL., (A) Tidal volume, (B) Inspiratory reserve (ii) 1100 1200 mL, volume, (C) Expiratory reserve (ii) 500- 550 ml., , (a) (ii), , 17.2) Mechanism of Breathing, 4., , Column, , Column I, , are, , (ii), , (ii), , made up, , (i), , of air-filled, , (NEET 2018), sacs,, , the alveoli., , They do not collapse even after forceful expiration,, because ot, (a) inspiratory reserve volume, , (b) tidal volume, (c) expiratory reserve volume, (d) residual volume., , (NEET 2017)
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184, 9., , Lungs do not collapse between breaths and some, air always remains in the lungs which can never be, expelled because, , (b) inspiratory reserve volume, , (a) there is a negative pressure in the lungs, (b) there is a negative intrapleural pressure pulling, , (c) vital capacity, (d) tidal volume., , at the lung walls, , () there is a positive intrapleural pressure, (d) pressure in the lungs is higher than the, , atmospheric pressure., (NEET-1 2016), 10. Which one of the following is a possibility for most, of us in regard to breathing. by making a conscious, effort?, (a) One can breathe out air totally without oxygen., (b) One can breathe out air through Eustachian, , tube by dosing both nose and mouth., (c) One can consciously breathe in and breathe, out by moving the diaphragm alone, without, moving the ribs at all., , (d) The lungs can be made fully empty by forcefully, breathing out all air from them. (Mains 2011), 1., , 14. When 1500 ml. air is in the lungs, it is called, (a) residual volume, , Listed, , below, , are, , (1996), , 15. The ventilation movements of the lungs in mammals, are governed by, , (a) muscular walls of lung, , (b) diaphragm, , (c)intercostal muscles, (d) both (b) and (c)., (1995), 16. In man and mammals, air passes from outside into, the lungs through, (a) nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchi,, alveoli, (6) nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea,, bronchioles, alveoli, () nasal, , cavity,, , pharynx,, , 17. The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli of the, lungs is, , Respiratory, , Respiratory, , capacities, , volumes, , (a) equal to that in the blood, , 25001 nl., , (b) more than that in the blood, (c) less than that in the blood, , 3500 mL, , (d) less than that of carbon dioxide. (NEET-II 2016), , (ii) Inspiratory reserve volume 1200 mL., 4500 mL, (iv) Inspiratory capacity, , Which one of the following is the correct matching, of two capacities and volumes?, (i) 4500 mL, (a) (ii) 2500 mlL,, , (b) (ii) 1200 ml.,, (c) (iv) 3500 mL,, (d) (i), 4500 mL,, , trachea,, , four respiratory capacittes 17.3 Exchange of Gases, , (i-iv) and four jumbled respiratory volumes of a, normal human adult., , (i) Residual volume, (i) Vital capacity, , larynx,, , bronchioles, bronchi, alveoli, (d) nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi,, bronchioles, alveoli., (1994), , ofhuman, , given below shows a small part, lung where exchange of gases takes place. Select the, option which represents labelled part (A, B, C or D), correctly identified along with its function., , 18. The figure, , (iv) 2500 mlL, , (i) 12001, i) 3500 ml, , (2010), , 12. What is vital capacity of our lungs?, (a) Inspiratory reserve volume plus expiratory, reserve volume, , (b) Total lung capacity minus residual volume, (c) Inspiratory reserve volume plus tidal volume, (d) Total lung capacity minus expiratory reserve, volume, , (2009), , 13. Which one of the following statements is incorrect?, (a) The principle of countercurrent flow facilitates, efficient respiration in gills of fishes., (b) The residual air in lungs slightly decreases the, efficiency of respiration in mammals., (c) The presence of non-respiratory air sacs,, increases the eficiency of respiration in birds., (d) In insects, circulating body fluids serve to, distribute oxygen to tisues., (2006), , (a) C: Arterial capillary - Passes oxygen to tissues, , (b) A : Alveolar cavity Main site of exchange of, , respiratory gases, , (c) D: Capillary wall Exchange of O, and Co,, takes place here, (d) B: Red blood cells - Transport of CO, mainly, , (2011), 19. The exchange of gases in the alveoli of the lungs, takes place by, (b) active transport, (a) passive transport, (c) osmosis, (d) simple diffusion., , (1998), , dHNT
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185, , Breathing and Exchange of Gases, 20. In lungs, the air is separated from the venous blood, , through, , (b) free C0, in blood plasma, (c) 70%, , (a) transitional epithelium + tunica externa of, , blood vessel, (b) squamous epithelium + endothelium of blood, vessel, , (c) squamous epithelium + tunica media of blood, vessel, (d) none of the above., (1997), 21. The alveolar epithelium in the lung is, (a) non-ciliated columnar, , carbamino-haemoglobin, , and, , 30%, , as, , bicarbonate, (d) carbamino-haemoglobin in RBCs.(Mains 2011), 27. What is true about RBCs in humans?, (a) They carry about 20-25 percent of Co., (b) They transport 99.5 percent of O., (c) They transport about 80 percent oxygen only, and the rest 20 percent of it is transported in, , dissolved state in blood plasma., (d) They do not carry CO, at all., , (b) non-ciliated squamous, (c) ciliated columnar, , (d) ciliated squamous., , (1990), , (2010), , 28. The haemoglobin ofa human fetus, (a) has only 2 protein subunits instead of 4, (b) has a higher affinity for oxygen than that of an, adult, , 17.4 Transport of Gases, 22. Identify the wrong statement with reference to, transport of oxygen., , (c) has a lower affinity for oxygen than that of the, adult, (d) its affinity for oxygen is the same as that of an, , (a) Binding of oxygen with haemoglobin is mainly, adult., (2009), related to partial pressure of O., of, dioxide produced by o u r, maority carbon, (b), Partial pressure of CO, can interfere with O,4. ne, body cells is transported to the lungs as, binding with haemoglobin., (a) attached to haemoglobin, (c) HigherH' conc. in alveoli favours the formation, (b) dissolved in the blood, of oxyhaemoglobin., (c) as bicarbonates, (d) Low pCO, in alveoli favours the formation of, (d) as carbonates., (2006), , oxyhaemoglobin., , (NEET 2020), , 23. Reduction in pH of blood will, (a) decrease the affinity of haemoglobin with, oxygen, (b) release bicarbonate ions by the liver, (c) reduce the rate of heartbeat, (d) reduce the blood supply to the, , brain., , (NEET-1 2016), , 24., , seventy percent of carbon, absorbed by the blood will be transported to the, , Approximately, , dioxide, , lungs, (a) as bicarbonate ions, , (b) in the form of dissolved gas molecules, (c) by binding to RBC, (d) as carbamino - haemoglobin., , (2014), , 25. A large proportion of oxygen remains unused in, the human blood even after its uptake by the body, tissues. This O, (a) acts as a reserve during muscular exercise, (b) raises the pCO, of blood to 75 mm of Hg, (c) is enough to keep oxyhaemoglobin saturation at, 96%, , (d) helps in releasing more O2 to the epithelial, tissues., , (2011), , 26. Bulk of carbon dioxide (CO,) released from body, tissues into the blood is present as, (a) bicarbonate in blood plasma and RBCs, , 30. Haemoglobin is a type of, , (a) carbohydrate, () vitamin, , (b), respiratory pigment, (d) skin pigment. (1999, , 31. How the transport of 0, and CO, by blood happens?, (a), (b), (c), (d), , With, With, With, With, , the, the, the, the, , help of WBCs and blood serum, help of platelets and corpuscles, help of RBCs and blood plasma, help of RBCs and WBCs, (1996), , 32. At high altitude, the RBCs in the human blood will, (a) increase in number (b) decrease in number, (d) decrease in size. (1995), (c) increase in size, 33. Although much C0, is carried in blood, yet blood, does not become acidic, because, (a) CO, is continuously diffused through the tissues, and is not allowed to accumulate, (6) in CO, transport, blood buffers play an, important role, , (c) CO, is absorbed by the leucocytes, (d) CO, combines with water to form H,CO, which, is neutralised by NaCO,., (1995), 34. The carbon dioxide is transported via blood to lungs, , mostly, (a), (b), (c), (d), , in combination with haemoglobin only, dissolved in blood plasma, in the form of bicarbonate ions, as carbamino-haemoglobin and as carbonic, acid., , (1995), , HNT
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does nOt Decome acialc, Dccduse, , (c) by binding to RBC, 25., , (a) CO,is continuously diffused through the tissues, , (2014), , (d) as carbamino - haemoglobin., , and is not allowed to accumulate, , A large proportion of oxygen remains unused in, , (b) in C0,, , the human blood even after its uptake by the body, , transport,, , blood, , buffers, , play an, , important role, , tissues. This O,, , (c) CO is absorbed by the leucocytes, , (a) acts as a reserve during muscular exercise, , (d) cO,combines with water to form H,C0, which, , (b) raises the pCO, of blood to 75 mm of Hg, (c) is enough to keep oxyhaemoglobin saturation at, 96%, (d) helps in releasing more O2 to the epithelial, , 34. The carbon dioxide is transported via blood to lungs, , mostly, , (a) in combination with haemoglobin only, , (2011), , tissues., , (1995), , is neutralised by NaC0., , (b) dissolved in blood plasma, , 26. Bulk of carbon dioxide (CO,) released from body, tissues into the blood is present as, , (c) in the form of bicarbonate ions, (d) as carbamino-haemoglobin and as carbonic, (1995), acid., , (a) bicarbonate in blood plasma and RBCs, , 186, , 35. Carbon dioxide is transported from tissues to | 41. Which ofthe following is an occupational respiratory, respiratory surface by only, (a) plasma and erythrocytes, , disorder?, , (b) plasma, (c) erythrocytes, , (C) Botulism, , (1993), , (d) erythrocytes and leucocytes., , 42. Name the chronic respiratory disorder caused, , mainly by cigarette smoking., , 17.5 Regulation of Respiration, , (a) Respiratory acidosis (6) Respiratory alkalosis, , 36. When you hold your breath, which of the following, gas changes in blood would first lead to the urge to, breathe?, , (NEET-I 2016), 43., , (b) accumulation of fluid in the lungs, (c) bacterial infection of the lungs, (d) allergic reaction of the mast cells in the lungs., (NEET-I 2016), , (2015 Cancelled), , 37. The respiratory centres, which control inspiration, 44., , and expiration, are located in, , (c) cerebellum, , Asthma may be attributed to, (a) intlammation of the trachea, , (b) Rising CO, and falling O, concentration, , (a) diencephalon, , (d) Asthma, , (c) Emphysema, , (a) Falling CO, concentration, , (c), Falling 0,concentration, (d) Rising CO, concentration, , (b) Silicosis, d) Emphysema, (NEET 2018), , (a) Anthracis, , (b) medulla oblongata, (d) spinal cord., (1999), , 38. The respiratory centre which regulates respiration is, , located in, (a) cerebellum, , (b) medulla oblongata, , (c) cerebral peduncle, , (d) the vagus nerve., , (1994), , 17.6 Disorders of Respiratory System, 39. Dueto increasing air-borne allergens and pollutants,, from, many people in urban areas are, respiratory disorder that cause wheezing due to, , which alveolar, , disease, Name he, in, surface area involved in gas exchange is drastically, reduced due to damage in the alveolar walls., (6) Asthmaa, (a) Pneumonia, , pulmonary, , (d) Emphysema, , () Pleurisy, , of inspiration., , (c) Workers, , suffering, , in, , grinding, , and, , stone-breaking, , industries may suffer from lung fibrosis., (d) About 90% of carbon dioxide (CO,) is carried, by haemoglobin as carbamino-haemoglobin., , (a) reduction in the secretion of surfactant by, pneumocytes, , (2012), , (b) benign growth on mucous lining of nasal cavity, (c) inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles, (d) proliferation of fibrous tissues and damage of, the alveolar walls., (NEET2019), 40., , (2015), , 45. Which one of the following is the correct statement, for respiration in humans?, (a) Cigarette smoking may lead to inflammation of, bronchi., (6) Neural signals from pneumotoxic centre in, pons region of brain can increase the duration, , 46., , Blood analysis of a patient reveals an unusually high, quantity of carboxyhaemoglobin content. Which, , of the following options correctly represents, Which, the lung conditions in asthma and emphysema,, , of the following conclusions is most likely to be, correct?, The, been, ning, , respectively?, (a) Inflammation of bronchioles; Decreased respi-, , (c) carbon dioxide, , patient has, inhaling pollute, unusually, high, content, of, (a) carbon disulphide (b) ch, , ratory surface, , (b) Increased number of bronchioles; Increased, respiratory surface, , (c) Increased respiratory surface; Inflammation of, bronchioles, (d) Decreased respiratory surface; Intlammation of, , bronchioles, , (NEET2018), , (d), , 47. When CO, concentration, , HoNT, , breathing becomes, , (a) shallower and slow, , (b) there is no effect on breathing, (c) slow and deep, , (d) faster and deeper., , (2004)
