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HOME, , COMPULSORY ENGLISH 11, , LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT 11, , MAJOR ENGLISH 11, , COMPULS, , Home  Compulsory English Class 11, , SITEMAP, , Reported Speech ( Direct &, Indirect Speech) Unit 18, Language Development, Class 11 by Suraj Bhatt,  Suraj Bhatt  Sunday, July 18, 2021, , , , , , Facebook, , , , Twitter, , , , , , , , Neb English Support, Reported Speech ( Direct & Indirect Speech) Unit 18 Language, Development Class 11 by Suraj Bhatt, , 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁, REPORTED SPEECH:, There are two kinds of speech. They are:, 1. Direct speech: In direct speech we repeat the original, speaker's exact words:, Example: John said. "I am happy now.", l

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2. Indirect speech: In indirect speech we give the exact meaning of, remark or a speech, without necessarily using the speaker's exact, words., Example: John said that he was happy then., HOW TO CHANGE DIRECT INTO INDIRECT SPEECH:, 1. Change of Pronoun:, a). First person (I/we) should be changed according to the subject, of reporting verb., Example:, Direct: Tom said. "I can help my brother., Indirect: Tom said that he could help his brother., Direct: Simran said. "I cooked myself.", Indirect: Simran said that she had cooked herself., Direct: Jacob said, “We are helping her.", Indirect: Jacob said that they were helping her., Direct: You said to her, “I was happy.", Indirect: You told her that you had been happy., b). Second person (You) should be changed according to object of the, reporting verb. If there is no object, we can put an appropriate object, and change accordingly., Direct: Rose said, "You have found your shoes.”, Indirect: Rose told me that I had found my shoes., Direct: Tom said to her, “You can give me your pen., Indirect: Tom told her that she could give him her pen., c). Third person (he, she, it, they) isn't changed., Examples:, Direct: Bob says, "She is selling her house.", Indirect: Bob says that she is selling her house., l

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Direct: Jenisha said, "He helps me., Indirect: Jenisha said that he helped her., Note: When the first person plural (we) indicates the whole human, being, 'we' isn't changed., Example:, Direct: Harry said, “We are mortal.”, Indirect: Harry said that we are mortal., Note: The verb 'say' in direct speech remains unchanged in indirect, speech, but say to + object changes into tell + object in indirect, speech., Examples:, Direct: Roman said, "I buy a book.”, Indirect: Roman said that he bought a book., Direct: Jessica says to me, “You are helping me.”, Indirect: Jessica tells me that I am helping her., , 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁, 2. Change of Tense:, , When the reporting verb is in the past, the following changes take, place., is/am/are=was/were, have/has=had, shall/will=should/would, may=might, does not +v1/donot +v1=did not + v1, have to +v1/has to+v1=had to +v1, was/were=had been, would/could/might/should=no change, had better/used to/ought to=no change, l

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Simple Present= Simple Past, Simple past=Past Perfect, can=could, did not+v1=had not +v3, Examples:, Direct: She said, "I don 't know what he will say., Indirect: She said that she didn't know what he would say, Direct: He said, "That is the last time I saw him. ", Indirect: He said (that) that was the time he had seen him., Direct: She said, "Iam going to Pokhara tomorrow., Indirect: She said that she was going to Pokhara the next day, Direct: People said, "I will rain., Indirect: People said that it would rain., The tense does not change in universal truth even if the reporting verb, is in the past., Examples:, Direct: He said "The Sun is hot.", Indirect: He said that the Sun is hot., Direct: Ram said, "The earth goes round the Sun. ", Indirect: Ram said that the earth goes round the Sun., When the reporting verb is in the present or in the future, the tense of, direct speech is not changed., Examples:, Direct: Jack says, "He is happy.", Indirect: Jack says that he is happy., Direct: Phil says to me, "I have passed. ", Indirect: Phil tells me that he has passed., l

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Direct: Melina will say to him, "You can help me., Indirect: Melina will tell him that he can help her., , 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁, 3. Change of Adverbials:, , Certain adverbials are changed in the following ways:, now / just= then, today= that day, yesterday = the day before / the previous day, tonight = that night, tomorrow = the next day/the following day, the day before yesterday = two days before, the day after tomorrow = in two days' time, the next week / month = the following week / month, ago = before, hence = thence, thus = so, here = there, come = go, this/these = that/those, last = the previous, Examples:, Direct: Jonathan said, "He is arriving next week.", Indirect: Jonathan said that he was arriving the following week., Direct: Ramie said, "I am busy now.", Indirect: Ramie said that she was busy then., , 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁, , l

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In Case of Yes/No Questions:, If the direct speech is in yes/no question, reporting verb should be, changed into asked (enquired / wanted to know) and the sentence, should be joined by 'if or 'whether”. Rest of the sentence should be, written from the subject. There should be full stop at the end of the, sentence., Examples:, Direct: He said to me, "Do you play chess?, Indirect: He asked me if I played chess., Direct: He said," Is it raining now?", Indirect: He asked if it was raining then., Direct: Mary said, “Can you speak English?", Indirect: Mary asked him whether he could speak English., , 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁, In Case of Wh Questions:, , If the direct speech is in wh-question, reporting verb should be, changed into asked (wanted to know, wondered, enquired) and the, sentence should be joined by the same 'wh-word. Rest of the sentence, should be written from the subject. There should be full stop at the end, of the sentence., Examples:, Direct: She said," What can I eat?”, Indirect: She asked what she could eat., Direct: Hari says to me," Where are you going?", Indirect: Hari asks me where I am going., , 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁, , In Case of Imperative Questions:, The imperative can be changed into reported speech with the use of, tell/order/ask/command etc., l

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Examples:, Direct: John said, "Give me a pen", Indirect: John told me to give him a pen., Direct: Mac said to her,"Please help me.", Indirect: Mac asked/requested her to help him., Note: If there is please, will you, would you could you, kindly etc. and, give the meaning of request rather than question, we should change, the reporting verb into asked or requested and the sentence should be, joined with 'to’. Please, will you, would you, could you etc. are not, written in the reported speech., Examples:, Direct: Jessy said, "will you help me now?”, Indirect: Jessy asked/requested me to help her then., Direct: Tom said, "please go outside.”, Indirect: Tom asked me to go outside., If the imperative is in negative, sentence should be joined by ‘not to' +, v1., Examples:, Direct: She said to them, "Don't open your books.", Indirect: She told them not to open their books., Direct: John said, "Never be a bad boy.", Indirect: John told me not to be a bad boy., , 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁, , In Case of Optative Questions:, Optative sentence begins from ‘May' and ends in exclamation mark(!)., According to the sense of optative sentence, reporting verb 'said to' is, changed into wished / blessed / cursed / prayed and the sentence is, joined with that. Then the rest sentence is written starting from, subject + verb + Use full stop (.) in place of exclamation mark., l

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Examples:, Direct: Mandy said to me, "May you be victorious !”, Indirect: Mandy wished me that I might be victorious., Direct: He said to his friend, "May God help you., Indirect: He prayed his friend that God might help him., Direct: She said to him, "May you go to the hell !”, Indirect: She cursed him that he might go to the hell., Direct: My dad said to me, "May you pass in the first division !", Indirect: My dad blessed me that I might pass in the first division., , 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁, , In Case of Exclamatory Questions:, Exclamatory sentence begins from what, how, interjection (Oh!, Ouch!, Alas! etc.). It gives the sense of surprise, joy, delight, contempt, sorrow, etc. According to the sense of exclamatory sentence, reporting verb, 'said' or 'said to' is changed into exclaimed with surprise / exclaimed, with joy / exclaimed with delight / exclaimed with contempt /, exclaimed with sorrow etc. Sentence is joined with that and the rest, sentence is written beginning from subject. We use full stop (.) at the, end of the sentence., Examples:, Direct: He said, "Alas! She has died.", Indirect: He exclaimed with sorrow that she had died., Direct: She said, "What a beautiful scene !", Indirect: She exclaimed with surprise that the scene was very, beautiful., Direct: He said, "Oh ! my mother has come.", Indirect: He exclaimed with delight that his mother had come., , 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁, , Some Questions and Answers:, l

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1. Ram said, "I want to go to America.", : Ram said that he wanted to go to America., 2. Sita said, "I haven't finished my homework"., : Sita said that she hadn't finished her homework., 3. John said to me, "I love you.", : John told me that he loved me., 4. He says, "They are good teachers.", : He says that they are good teachers., 5. He said, "Do you want to go with me?", : He asked if I wanted to go with him., 6. Hari said, "What is your name?", : Hari asked what my name was., 7. She said, "How do you know this?", : She asked how I knew that., 8. John said to him, "You are not good fellow.", : John told him that he was not good fellow., 9. Ram said to me, "Please Help me.", : Ram requested me to help him., 10. He said, "Rain falls from the sky.", : He said that rain falls from the sky., 11. He said, "May you pass your exam!", : He wished me I might pass my exam., 12. Bob said, "Open the door.", : Bob ordered me to open the door., 13. Hari said, "I brought mangoes yesterday.", : Hari said that he had brought mangoes the previous day., l

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14. Ram said, "While he was walking, he found a wallet.", : Ram said that while he was walking, he found a wallet., 15. She said, "Alas! He has died.", : She exclaimed with sorrow he had died., 16. He will say, "I have done homework.", : He will say that he has done homework., , 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁, , Textbook's Questions and Answers :, Change the following into indirect speech., a. She said, "While I was having dinner, the phone rang.", : She said that while she was having dinner, the phone rang., (In case of Past progressive, we don't change the tense), b. My friend said, "Where are they staying?", : My friend asked where they were staying., c. Jamila said, "I travel a lot in my job.", : Jamila said that she traveled a lot in her job., d. She said to me, "We lived in China for five years.", : She told me that they had lived in China for five years., e. He said to me, "Do you like ice-cream?", : He asked me if I liked ice-cream., f. They said, "Hurray! We've won the match.", : They exclaimed with joy that they had won the match., g. He said, "I'd tried everything without success, but this new medicine, is great.", : He said that he had tried everything without success, but that, medicine was great., h. Sony said, "I go to the gym next to your house.", l

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: Sony said that she went to the gym next to my house., i. He said, "Be quiet after 10 o'clock.", : He told me to be quiet after 10 o'clock., j. He said, "I don't want to go to the party unless he invites me.", : He said that he didn't want to go to the party unless he invited him., k. He said to me, "I will see you tomorrow if you meet me.", : He told me that he would see me the following day if I met him., l. She said, "If I were you, I would give up the work.", : She said that if she were me, she would give up the work., (For imaginary conditions, we don't change the tense), , 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁, , Some Questions for you to practice:, 1. John said, "They don't know the value of money.", 2. Ram said to me, "Where do you live?", 3. Rose said to Bob, "I gave you everything that you wanted.", 4. Hari said, "I shall do this myself tomorrow morning.", 5. He said, "Did he demand money from you?", 6. He said, "Help me please!", 7. They said to me, "Where is the money bag?", 8. Sapna said, "Wow! We have won the contest.", 9. She says, "They are living in the poorest part of the city.", 10. She said, "May God help you.", 11. I said to my girlfriend, "I have warned you many times.", , l

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CLICK HERE TO GET, , 👇, , ALL NOTES OF COMPULSORY ENGLISH 11, , 🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁🍁, Tags, , Compulsory English Class 11, , Immigration and Identity, , , , , , Direct and Indirect Speech, , Language Development Class 11, , Facebook, , , , Twitter, , , , Identity Crisis in Immigrants, , Reported Speech, , , , Unit 18 Language Development, , , , Suraj Bhatt, Hi..my name is Suraj Bhatt. I'm an authour of this blog Neb English Support., I have created this blog website for all those needy students and, teachers who are in need of English notes of class 11 and 12. I'm from far, Western Region: Mahendranagar, Kanchanpur, Nepal. I'm in, Sindhupalchok District right now. I have been teaching here in Kalika, Secondary School of Tekanpur for more than 11 years as a Secondary, level English teacher. I believe in helping others. Thank you for visiting my, Blog, , Related Posts, , , , Show more, , Previous Post, , Next Post, , ABOUT US, Neb English Support About us: A Warm Welcome to all of you in my, Website which is: Neb English Support This website "Neb English, Support" aims to support all those needy students who are, struggling in plus two level of Nepal. This website has been founded, especially to provide authentic Summaries, Notes of English, Textbooks of Class 11 and 12 of National Education Board of Nepal., These notes have been prepared through self-efforts. The, documents in this site are quite authentic and away from internet, l

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copied materials. These notes are very useful and prepared for, those students who are going to take English exams of National, Board Examination of Nepal. If you find these notes in other websites,, please kindly inform me through your comments. I'm the founder of, this website. My name is Suraj Bhatt. I always try my best to help all, of you through my notes all the time. If you want to contact me, here, is my contact number for all of you: 9861048534 Email:, [email protected] Neb English Support Education for All, , Copyright (c) 2021 Neb English Support All Right Reseved, , l