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Short answer type question (10 marks), • Prose Section, 1. What, according to the author is modern civilization?, Ans:- The modern civilization is the worship of the material according to the author. It is, also the worship of brute in us. It is unadulterated materialism. It has no existence if it, does not think at every step of the triumph of material civilization. As such the author has, advised us to keep away from it at all costs., 2. What did the author convey to the countrymen about dealing with modern, civilization?, Ans:- The distinguishing characters of modern civilization, is an indefinite multiplicity of, human wants, which the author observed. Hence the author conveys to the countrymen to, keep away from modern civilization., 3. What is the distinguished characteristic of modern civilization?, Ans:- The distinguishing characteristics of modern civilization is an indefinite multiplicity, of human wants. The modern or western state of dissatisfaction arises really from want of, living faith in a future state and therefore also in Divinity., 4. The author perceived danger from modern inventions. How?, Ans:- the author became a war of immediate and distinguished results of modern, inventions. It has maddened to resist and nobody dare to oppose it. According to him we are, in danger of exchanging permanent good for a momentary pleasure., 5. What does the author prefer to materialism?, Ans:- Author prefer development along spiritual lines rather ehp[than development along, material and materialism. The modern people will have to parish under the weight of, materialism. So he prefer restricting our wants., 6. What does our civilization depend upon?, Ans:- Our civilization, our culture, our Swaraj depend not upon multiplying our wantsself-indulgence, but upon restricting wants- self-denial., 7. What is civilization in the real sense of the term?, Ans:- Civilization in real sense of term, consists not in multiplication but in the deliberate, and voluntary restriction of wants. This alone increases and promotes contentment real, happiness and capacity for service., 8. What is the idea of Dr. Zakir Hussain about education?, Ans:- In Dr. Hussain’s opinion about the education is that it is a prime instrument of, national purpose., 9. What did Dr. Radhakrishnan bring in the Presidency?, Ans:- Dr. Radhakrishnan brought to the presidency a mental equipment a degree of, learning and wealth of experience rarely to be found anywhere., 10. What did Dr. Zakir Hussain pledge himself to ?
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Ans:-Dr. Zakir Hussain pledged himself to the loyality of our past culture. He pledged, himself to the service of totality to our country’s culture. He pledged his loyality to his, country irrespective of religion or language. The whole Bharat is his home. So, he pledged, to work for the welfare of the people of the country., 11. What does ‘Work on one’s self’ mean? What is its end product?, Ans:-work on one’s self’ means work for individual. The work on self is to follow the urge, towards moral development as a free person and under self imposed discipline. Its endproduct is a free moral personality. We should not ignore our end-product., 12. What shall we dedicate ourselves to?, Ans:-we shall dedicate ourselves to work for the peace of the strong nation. According to, Mahatma Gandhi power should be used only for moral purposes., 13. On what occasion did Dr. Zakirr Hussain deliver this speech?, Ans:-Dr. Zakir Hussain delivered his speech in 1967 after taking the oath as president of, india., 14. Why does Dr. Zakir Hussain call India “the young state of an ancient people”?, Ans:-Dr. Zakir Hussain called India “The Young state of an ancient people. It is so because, our past is not deal and static. It is alive and dynamic. Our ancient cukture is alive and we, can make our future on the basis of our ancient people’s blessings., 15. The under-secretarry always obeyed Nanukaka, although he was never willing to, do so, Why?, Ans:-the under-secretary always obeyed Nanukaka because Nanukaka was his guest and, his mother’s brother although he was not willing to do so., 16. “this tie-and-collar business is no good these days”. What did Nannukaaka mean to, say?”, Ans:-In these lines Nanukaka had narrated the importance of our traditional dress, such, as and close collar, Jodhpur coat and turban, while meeting a minister or other VIPs-. The, western dress like “Tie and Collar” was not fit for the purpose, according to him., 17. How did Nanukaka impress Sohanlal Ratiram?, Ans:-Nanukaka started describing about his VIP status in a very loud voice so that, Sohanlal could hear. He firstly talked about foreign tours and his contacts with politicians, and ministers. Then he came to talk about Hazrat Barkat Ali, the ambassador in such a, tone as if they were best friends and this impressed Sohanlal the most., 18. What important information did he collect at Ratiram’s place?, Ans:-the important information Nanukaka collected at Ratiram’s place was that after, refusing the proposal of marriage of his daughter to Sohanlal’s son, the welfare minister, had decided to marry his daughter to the prince of Ninnore. Another information received, was that Ratiram will not give tickets to minister next time.
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19. Who is a Prince? Do we have any prince now? If yes, do they enjoy the same, privileges which they used to?, Ans:-A prince is the son of the king of an estate or a country. He is the next claimant for the, ruler’s post. No, we do not have any prince in India but some other countries do have, princes. No, they can’t enjoy the same privileges they used to, in the past., 20. What is the author trying to achieve through his speech?, Ans:-the author is trying to achieve the support of the listeners in the freedom struggle for, Negroes by his speech. He also wants to attract the listener towards the piteous condition, of the Negroes., 21. What is their pledge?, Ans:-Their pledge is to march ahead and never to turn back. They can never be satisfied, until they get their rights and till they will march for the freedom and justice and go, ahead., 22. What are the ‘trials and tribulations’ the author talks about?, Ans:-The, trials and tribulation author talks about are the hardship and torments people, had to suffer when they raise their voice against the injustice and discrimination., 23. If America is to be a great nation, what must become true?, Ans:-If America has to become a great nation, it should not overlook the problems of, Negroes and give all the citizenship right to them. America Should prohibit racial, discrimination and work for the welfare of negroes, the natives of America., 24. Why had when will they thank the Almighty?, Ans:-they will thank Almighty when the freedom rings in every state and city, village and, town, every where. They will thank him, because, with his mercy at last the blacks will be, free and all could live with same rights and freedom., 25. Has civilization taught us to be more friendly towards one another?, Ans:-yes, civilization has taught us to be more friendly towards one another. Birds do not, treat, their elder as human beings does to their elders providing old age pension., 26. What is our attitude towards those ‘out-side our herd’?, Ans:-our attitude towards those outside our herd, in spite of all that has been done by, moralists and religious teachers, our emotions are as ferocious as those of any animal, and, our intelligence enables us to give them a scope which is denied to even the most savage, beast., 27. What are the two broad categories of ideas that have helped mankind?, Ans:-Two broad categories of ideas that have helped mankind are those that contribute to, knowledge and technique, and those that are concerned with moral and politics., 28. Did language play a role in human development?, Ans:-yes, language played a prominent role in human development. At what stage, language began is not known, but we may be pretty certain that it began very gradually., Without, it, it would have been very difficult to hand on from generation to generation the, inventions and discoveries that were gradually made.
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29. How many language do you known apart from your mother tongue? How it helped, you in any way?, Ans:-I know some other languages apart from my mother language such as: English, Sanskrit, Urdu etc. yes, it has helped me in many ways such as to contact another person, who does not know our mother tongue. Then we use English to express our feelings., English is widely spoken all over the world., 30. Why did the conversation of his father and his friends make Seibei laugh inwardly?, Ans:-the conversation of his father and his friend made Seibei laugh inwardly because his, father commented on baking gourd that they had at the agricultural show last spring. The, baking gourd had made quite a stir at the time, but when he(Seibei) had gone to see it he, had found it rather a stupid-looking object and had walked out of the show., 31. Why did Seibei’s father shout at him?, Ans:-Seibei’s father and his friend were taking about baken gourd, they had seen in the, agricultural show held in the last spring, which according to him was most beautiful. But, Seibei found it stupid-looking, when we had gone in that show, as such he had walked out, of it (the show). So he said that he didn’t think so much of it, because it was just an awkard, thing. Seibei’s interruption made his father angry. So he shouted at him., 32. Why did Seibei wander about the town?, Ans:-it was Seibei’s hobby to wander about the town almost daily looking for gourds. He, was deeply interested in buying and collecting it from the market and arrange it on the, walls of his house., 33. What made Seibei’s heart beat faster?, Ans:-when Seibei was examining the gourds, suddenly he caught sight of one which was, about five inches long. Something about it made Seibei’s heart beat faster., 34. Which is called effeminate pastime in the story?, Ans:-The teacher came from another part of Japan and found it most offensive that, children should indulge in such womanish pastime as collecting gourds. As such it is called, effeminate pastime in the story., 35. How did Seibei’s father react to the teacher’s complaint?, Ans:-Seibei’s father reacted to the teacher’s complaint when he knew Seibei’s fault which, was reported by Seibei’s teacher. He became angry at this matter. As soon as he heard, he, grabbed his son by the collar and gave him a sound beating. He chided his son that he, would never get anywhere in the world, the way he is carrying on., 36. What did Seibei do after he was forced to give up collecting gourds?, Ans:-the father of Seibei fetched his hammer and systematically smashed the gourds to, pieces, one after the other. It brought a charge in his hobby, Seibei is now engrossed in his, pictures., 37. How are the ways of managing child-birth in traditional societies useful?, Ans:-The ways of managing childbirth in traditional societies are many and varied. Their, usefulness is found in the branches (off-shoots) of a family and it may be observed. It is so
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because from the fact that they are accepted culturally and collectively. It makes the, mother free from mental burden reinventing the procedures., 38. Pregnant woman in a traditional society does not feel that she is alone. Why?, Ans:-it is so because the mother does not have the psychic burden of reinventing the, procedures. Even through the potential catastrophes are alive approach to pregnancy, which hems the pregnant woman about with taboos and prohibitions helps make the, anxiety manageable. In a traditional society childbirth is a family affair., 39. What is “truism of anthropologies” that the writer talks about?, Ans:-the truism of anthropologies that newly married woman do not become member of, their new family until they have borne a child, thought after marriage they go to their, mother-in-low’s house from their mother’s house., 40. What compels women to withdraw into silent opposition in international fora?, Ans:-The tendency of those women who still live within a female society, is to withdraw, into silent opposition when participating in international for a conducted in languages, which they cannot speak with fluency., 41. Why had Sudanese women officials stopped going to international conferences?, Ans:-Sudanese women officials stopped going to international conference because they, were tired of being told about their own lives instead of being consulted., 42. Where do sylheti women go to stay during the last stage of pregnancy?, Ans:-she goes to her mother’s house for the last few months of her pregnancy and about, the first three months of the baby’s life., 43. What do free people’ take for granted?, Ans:-all free people take for granted that without a free press there can be no free people., It i8s a reality., 44. What do you mean by the tern ‘free press’?, Or, what does ‘the freedom of the press’ mean?, Ans:-we usually mean freedom or the press in a very technical and restricted sense, namely freedom from direction or censorship by the government. In this respect the, British press is under ordinary conditions, singulary free., 45. Who is the master ‘the state or the people’?, Ans:-in real sense between the state and the people-people are master. State is but the, people’s servant., 46. What does the unofficial censorship seek to do?, not the official censorship of the press but the unofficial censorship by a press which exists, not so much to express opinion as to manufacture it. Ans:-indeed we may say that the, heaviest restriction upon the freedom of public opinion is, 47. What are the two basic assumptions about the public., Ans:-the two basic assumptions about the public are: (a) that they have not the wit to, distinguish truth from falsehood (b) that they do not care at all that a statement is false,, provided it is pleasantly stimulating.
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48. What is supposition of context?, Ans:-the supposition of context is that the press would be free and fair. There would be no, any censorship either by the government or by unofficial., 49. Why do books rarely criticize the press?, Ans:- Books rarely criticize the press because they may be unfavourably noticed or silently, ignored by the readers and the parpose would not be served., 50. What did the doctors advise Benjy’s parents to ensure his mental growth?, Ans:-the doctor had advised them that benjy needed interest that would strengthen his, mind. It would be good if they gave him something to do, some occxupation which helps, his development., 51. What did benjy understand about a hen?, Ans:-Benjy understand the first and last thing about a hen, that it exists for the purpose of, laying eggs., 52. What did benjy understand about the business of hens?, Ans:-Benjy understood about the business of hens, that lay eggs and eggs could be sold to, customers and the money from these eggs was put carefully, almost religiously, into a, large white basin that stood on the top shelf of the kitchen cupboard., 53. Why had their land not yielded much?, and backwardness. Ans:-The earth had yielded low for them. The reason was not in earth, but in their idleness, 54. How did benjy’s parents feel when he silently put the passbook in his pocket?, Ans:-they did not hope and did not mean that benjy should give it back to them, but there, was something about the silent, simple finality of his putting he pass-book into his pocket, that struck then like a blow in the face., 55. What had benjy’s parents expected when they handed him the, passbook?, Ans:-they had expected something else, a word of thanks, perhaps a concession, a, willingness that they should share the money they helped to save., 56. What did benjy want to do with money?, Ans:-benjy wanted to buy a piece of land and creating more houses for more hens and then, selling more eggs and making more money., 57. ? Who had Johnson rented their land from, Ans:-Johnson got the land for forty years, on a yearly lease tenancy from Mr. sander., 58. What information did Sanders give them that made them happy?, Ans:-Sanders who had rented his four acre land to Mr. Johnson gave him the information, that his (Johnson’s) son would buy that land from sanders. This information made Johnson, and his wife happy., 59. Who was Florence?, Ans:-Florence, was a girl, working in benjy’s chicken house and got married with benjy, afterwards., 60. Why did benjy want to marry Florence?
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Ans:-benjy did not need a distinguished, intelligent girl. He needed a woman to help him in, his work of poultry farming. So he decided to marry Florence., 61. Why was the land between Bombay and Madras famished?, Ans:-The land between Bombay and madras was starved, because the sun was hot enough, and due to that there was no possibility to fertilize any seed. There was no water because, there were no wells or any other means to irrigate the land., 62. Why did the Indian always blame the British for their sufferings?, Ans:-the Indians were blaming the British against their inadequate help in providing food,, clothes and other amenities to them (Indian). It is but natural, to expect from the, government all these things., 63. Who was the real master of the house which buck visited?, Ans:-The author(Buck) had gone to an Indian village and had been invited to visit house of, a family of some modern education. The real master of the house was not the active, master of the family, but the elder brother who had a stroke of paralysis and was lying on, the bed., 64. Why did the writer not mind her host eating in the opposite corner of the room?, Ans:-The writer did not mind that her host was eating in the opposite corner of the room,, because he (host) had fulfilled the requirement of his religion by eating in the opposite, corner of the room. It was his family tradition., 65. What does she mean by saying “Religion is ever present in Indian life?”, Ans:-The author wanted to express her idea about the role of the religion in Indian life. She, cited the example of this fact by narrating whatever she experienced in one Indian family., While she was sitting in her host’s room, one gentleman came in and without speaking to, them moved to the far end of the room. There he knelt his head bowed and remained in, that way for about a quarter of an hour. Her hostess explained that he was her husband’s, eldest brother and was offering prayer. She meant to say that religion was present in, every walk of the life of an Indian. It had both the best and the worst aspects. But she did, not criticize it., 66. What are her views on the Christian missionaries?, Ans:-She expresses her views on Christian missionaries the whatever they believe, they, preach accordingly. It means that they say whatever they believe., 67. What is Lomov’s explanation of Ox- Meadows becoming a disputed piece of land?, Ans:-Lomov’s explains that the Ox-meadows is his property and it was given by his aunt’s, grand-mother no Natalia’s paternal great grandfather peasants without any rent on the, said plot. Lomov admits that there went some quarrels about the Ox-meadows but it was, settled after words and everybody knows that it belongs to him (Lomov)., 68. What does Choobookov say about Lomov’s father and grand father?, Ans:-Choobookov abused Lomov’s father and grandfather. He said to him that his, grandfather would drink like a fish and his father was a gamble and he looked like a pig, while eating.
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69. Why does Lamov refer to the land settlement?, Ans:-Lomov refers to the land settlement because he claims that the ex-meadows belongs, to him and to settle the dispute he told to go the (land settlement) court., 70. Why does he complain all the time of palpitation and veins throbbing?, Ans:-Lomov is a short tempered person, resulting in heart’s weakness. During hot-heated, discussion with Natalia his heart starts palpitating and veins throbbing., 71. Why does Natalia cry and weep to know that Lomov has come to propose to her?, Ans:-Natalia cries and weeps because the proposal of marriage is not discussed and the, other matter of disputes about Ox-meadows takes place. So she repents on her indulging, in hot heated discussion with Lomov which was quite unjustified. She was quite unaware, of the fact that Lomov had come for the marriage proposal which she letter knew., , Poetry section, 1. Why does the poet want to go away from his beloved?, Ans:-The poet wanted to go away from his beloved because he is tired of her, or he can find a more, beautiful beloved. But at last death must come and separate them. So by short separations will, teach him to die because each separation is like death., 2. What are the things that the sun does not have?, Ans:-The sun has no beloved. So he has no desire or motive to return quickly., 3. What will make the speaker’s journey speedier?, Ans:-The speaker loves his beloved intensely, so he has a great incentive and stimulus to get back, quickly. He shall fly back on the wings of love quickly., 4. What makes a man’s power feeble?, Ans:-Man cannot retain or add to his happiness. But he always exaggerates his misfortunes. He, continuously mournis and cries over his grief. Thus, weakens his power., 5. How do sighing and weeping affect the speaker?, Ans:-when the speaker’s beloved sighs, she dries up his soul. When she weeps she decays his blood., 6. How does the beloved waste the speaker’s life?, Ans:-Since he is her best part, by wasting her life, she will in fact, waste his life., 7. In what way will the lovers remain united?, Ans:-The poet says that those who love each other can never be separated. They live in each other, and so remain ever united., 8. What is meant by ‘Nature without check with original energy’?, Ans:-He wants nature to speak to him as it is, and not as influenced by thought and dogmas. He, wants nature to speak to him in its original from and its full force., 9. What is the theme of the poem?, Ans:-The theme of the poem is oneness in the universe all human being are one each one is as much, part of nature as anyone else., 10. How does the speaker establish relation between ‘me’ and ‘you’?, Ans:-The speaker establishes a complete identity between himself and others by saying ‘every atom, belonging to me as good belongs to you’. Me and you are the two sides of the same coin., 11. What has formed the speaker’s blood?
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Ans:-The soil on which he rests and the air that he breathes have formed his blood., 12. What does he want to do with creeds?, Ans:-He wants to keep them aside for some time, though he does not want to forget them, altogether., 13. What does he want to speak about?, Ans:-he wants to speak about himself. But ‘himself’ means all the mankind, the supreme being, himself., 14. Explain the line: hoping to cease not till death’., Ans:-The poet is thirty-seven years old. He is in perfect health. He hopes he will stay healthy till the, last day of his life., 15. What does the poet mean when he says “Now the leaves are falling fast”?, Ans:-The leaves are symbolic of old people. As leaves fall fast in winter, so are the people dying in, their old age., 16. Who are the ‘travellerts’ and how will they be ‘blessed’?, Ans:-The aged are the travelers. They will be blessed by the white cold waterfall of the mountain, head. That is death., 17. Who are the ‘whispering neighbours’?, Ans:-The agents of death are the whispering agents. In old age people always obsessed by thoughts, of death., 18. How does human life become miserable?, Ans:-Humans grow old. In old age they become inactive and weak. They are cut off from society., They are lonely and miserable., 19. In what way will the travelers be blessed?, Ans:-The white waterfall or the cold hand of death will bless them. It rescue them from their, miseries., 20. Who are the ‘trolls’ in the real world?, Ans:-Anxiety and frustration are the trolls in the real world. They move about all over keeping, people sleepless at night. People have no peace. Everyone feels helpless, lonely and isolated. There, is no relief or protection from them., 21. In what sense does the sun conspire with autumn?, Ans:-The sun conspires with autumn to load plants and trees with abundance of fruit and ripen the, fruit to the core., 22. How do the sun and summer help in ripeness of fruits in autumn?, Ans:-The sun and summer help the blossoms turn into fruit, and let the fruit grow. In autumn they, reach their maturity and are filled with flesh and juice., 23. How are autumn and summer related to spring?, Ans:-Autumn and summer bare related to spring as old age any youth are related to adolescence., 24. What to autumn and spring symbolize in the poem? Explain., Ans:-In the poem spring is the symbol of youth, and autumn is the symbol of maturity. Spring is the, time of flowering autumn is the time of fruition. Spring is the symbol of desire, autumn is the, symbol of fulfillment., 25. What will happen when the poet dies?
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Ans:-The memory of the beautiful lady of the western country is alive in the heart of the poet., When he dies, nobody will ever think of her., 26. Write a note on the philosophical meaning of the poem., Ans:-The poet thinks that beauty is short-lived. It must perish. People build memorials, or write, epitaphs on the graves of their dear ones. But these epitaphs are significant only to those who, remember their near and dear ones. When they are dead, the epitaphs will have to meaning., Nobody would even care to read them, much less to shed a tear in the memory of the dead person., 27. How can ‘some corner of a foreign field’ be ‘for’ ever England’?, Ans:-The poet says that his body is rich dust of England. He was born and bred in England. So, wherever his body is buried, it will be England for ever., 28. What is meant by the phrase ‘A pulse in the eternal mind’?, Ans:-A pulse in the eternal mind’ here means the poet’s heart that will ever be beating for England., 29. Do you think that the title of the poem is appropriate? Give reasons., Ans:-I don’t think the title ‘soldier’ is appropriate. The poet does not say anything connected with a, soldier’s life, or about a battle. I think ‘patriot’ could have been a more appropriate title., 30. Why does the poet call Macavity, mystery cat?, Ans:-The poet calls Macavity a mystery cat because he can commit any crime and is able to, disappear from the scene leaving no trace behind., 31. What are the adjectives that have been used to describe Macavity’s character?, Ans:-Macavity has been described as a Macavity cat, the hidden paw: the master criminal;, bafflement of Scotland Yard; the flying Squad’s despair, a monster of depravity; and Napolean of, crime., 32. Why is Macavity termed a criminal?, Ans:-Macavity is termed a criminal because he commites all sorts of crimes. He plunders larders,, ransacks jewel cases, stifles pet dogs, breaks glass-panes, steals important documents from, Foreign office or plans and drawings from the Admiralty., 33. What is suggested by the phrase ‘powers of levitation’?, Ans:-Some fakirs or holymen in India are supposed to possess the power break the law of gravity, and rise into the air upwards. This power of defying the law of gravity is called power of levitation., 34. How did the passer-by get frightened?, Ans:-The passer-by got frightened by the phosphorescence and wandering ghost lights in the, burning ghat at night., 35. What does the speaker see/observe in the morning at the ghat?, Ans:-He saw embers losing their redness, and the grey ash had covered the half burnt limbs., 36. Why does he say that the redness of the fire is cruel?, Ans:-He says that the redness of the fire is cruel because it stings and burns. It spares nothing., 37. In what sense does the fire forget its dead?, Ans:-The fire is supposed to burn the dead completely. But sometimes it does not do its duty. It, leaves some limbs half-burnt., 38. Why does the speaker reveal his religious identity?, Ans:-The speaker is a Zoroastrian. They do not born their dead. They leave their dead on the tower, of silence. He reveals his religious identity to make this point clear., 39. Why did he consign his first born to the flames?
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Ans:-The speaker consigned his first born to the flames under compulsion. The tower of silence,, where he should have disposed of the dead body, was a thousand miles away., 40. How did the snake drink water?, Ans:-It drank water as the cattle do. It lifted its head from its drinking, looked about vaguely, and, drank a little more., 41. What is the meaning of ‘Sicilian July, with Etna smoking’?, Ans:-It was the month of july in sicily. It was as hot as it is there when the volcano Etna erupts., 42. What is the belief prevailing in Sicily about a snake?, Ans:-In sicily it was believed that back snakes were innocent. But gold snakes were poisonous, and, they must be killed., 43. Why did the speaker like the snake?, Ans:-He liked the snake because it had come like a guest. It had drunk water quietly, and departed, peacefully after drinking to its satisfaction., 44. Why did the speaker often wish to go to that house?, Ans:-She often wished to go there because the memories often haunted her. She wanted to peep, into the house and experience its stillness., 45. Why was the speaker proud of living in that house?, Ans:-She was proud of living in that house because she got a lot of love there from her, grandmother., 46. Why does the speaker say that she has lost her way?, Ans:-The speaker says she has lost her way because she yearns for love, and she does not know, where she can find it., 47. It she speaker satisfied with her present life? If not, why?, Ans:-She is not satisfied with her present life, because she feels there is a void in her heart. She asks, even strangers for love like a beggar, but no one gives it to her even in small quantity.
