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Concentrated vitamin A solution., Halibut liver oil capsules., Vitamin A is of two types:, Vitamin A, called retinol., y Vitamin A plays an important role along with vitamin D in the, Vitamin A promotes the resistance to bacterial infection., • Retinoic acid is also considered as internal hormone., is also called retinol because it is essential for the formation of, Lis also called antixerophthalic factor because its deficiency causes, Write a note on 1. vitamin A, 2. vitamin D, 3. vitamin E,, • Concentrated vitamins A and D solution., Fish liver oil, milk, butter, cheese, egg yolk, carrot, mangoes, tomato,, Xitamin A, called 3-dehydro retinol., Vitamins 145, 02, A. vitamin K., 1., rhodopsin., Sources, etc., Properties, Tt is a pale yellow crystalline powder., It is practicafly insoluble in water but freely soluble in alcohol and, in fixed oils., . When vitamin A ester is warmed, it gives homogeneous yellow oil., Stability and Storage, It is destroyed on exposure to air and UV light hence it is stored in, hermetically sealed containers in an atmosphere of nitrogen in,a cool, place and protected from light., Uses, • In the treatment of xerophthalmia., VTo maintain normal growth of the body., " In the treatment of night blindness., tooth and bone formation., Dosage Forms, * Concentrated vitamin A solution., Scanned by TapScanner

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It is also called calciferol as it promotes the calcification of bone, 146 Pharmaceutical Chemistry II, • Shark liver oil with vitamin D., • Vitamins A and D capsules., • Vitamin A capsules., Brand Names, Arovit, Sharkoferol, Nutrimalt., 2. VITAMIN D (CALCIFEROL), • It is antirachitic vitamin used to treat rickets diseases., • Vitamin D2 is called ergocalciferol., • Vitamin Dą is called cholecalciferol., • Vitamin D, is obtained from ergosterol., • Vitamin D3 is obtained from 7-dehydrocholesterol., • Vitamin D3 is also called sunshine vitamin as it is obtained by, action of sun's UV rays on the sterols present in the skin., Sources, Cod liver oil, butter, milk, yeast, ghee, halibut liver oil., Properties, • Vitamin D2 and D3 are white crystalline powders., They are tasteless and odourless., They are soluble in alcohol and insoluble in H,O., Stability and Storage, It is destroyed on exposure to air and UV light hence it is stored in, hermetically sealed containers in an atmospheric nitrogen, in a cool, place and protected from light., Uses, It is used to treat rickets in young., It is used to treat osteomalacia in adult., • It is essential for absorption of calcium and phosphorous from the, intestine., It also helps in development of normal teeth., Dosage Forms, Concentrated vitamin D solution., Calciferol solution., • Calciferol injection., Scanned by TapScanner

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Soyabean, cotton seed, embryo of wheat and rice, maize and green, The well known tocopherols are a, B and &-tocopherols., Vitamins A and D capsules., • It is necessary in reproduction of rats. Hence it is also called as, 3. VITAMIN E (TOCOFEROL), Vitamin A and D solutions., antisterility factors for rat., Vitamins 147, Brand Names, . VITAMIN E (TOCOFEROL), . They are called tocopherols., a-tocopherol is most active., is necessary in reproduction of rats. Hence it is also called as, Sources, green, leaves., Properties, • It is clear, slightly greenish, yellowish, viscous oily liquid., • It is odourless., • It is practically insoluble in water and soluble in alcohol and fixed, oils., Stability and Storage, It is oxidised by air or O, and is affected by light. Hence it is stored in, tightly-closed light-resistant container., Uses, Vitamin E is mainly used as antioxidant in fats and oils., It is essential to maintain structure and functions of smooth muscles., It is effective in menstrual disorders and in improvement of, lactation., is used to prevent haemolytic anaemia in premature infants., Dosage Forms, • Vitamin E tablet., • Vitamin E capsule., • Vitamin E ointment., Brand Name, Vitamin E., Scanned by TapScanner

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Scanned by TapScanner, 148 Pharmaceutical Chemistry II, 4. VITAMINK (ANTIHAEMORRHAGIC) (S. 04), Vitamin K is called antihaemorrhagic factor., Vitamin K, is called phytomenadione., • Vitamin K, is also called farnoquinone., Sources, Green vegetables, liver, egg yolks, cheese, fish meal., Properties, Vitamin K is a clear deep yellow oil., • It is almost odourless., • It is practically insoluble in water but soluble in chloroform and:, fixed oil., Stability and Storage, It is oxidised by air and is affected by light and hence it is stored in, tightly closed light-resistant container., Uses, To treat haemorrhage., • To prevent and cure neonatal haemorrhage., • To treat vitamin K deficiency., pH Preparations, • Vitamin K injection (phytomenadione injection)., Vitamin K, tablet (phytomenadione tablet)., Brand Names, Soyol, Gynoseden., Q3. Write a note on water soluble vitamins. (S. 05), WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS, Water soluble vitarnins are derivatives of endrogenous polar sub-, stances like sugars, amino acids, pyridines, purines or pyrimidine, bases., Mostly, water soluble vitamins are converted to their active form, in the body. These active forms of vitamins are called 'co-enzymes ., • Water soluble vitamins include vitamin B complex and vitamin C., • Water soluble vitamins are easily absorbed and not stored in the, body.