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1. Read the following passage carefully. (12 marks), , 1. Every time a child takes a soft drink, is he laying the ground work for a dangerous bone, disease? No, lizzy and sugary drinks don’t cause osteoporosis because they are often a, substitute for a glass of milk. Kids are not getting the calcium and vitamin D they need, to build a strong skeleton. Many of them also lead a sedentary lifestyle, so they aren't, getting the bone-building benefits for vigorous exercise either. These children tend to, suffer from brittle bones and fractures later on in life. They could be at a risk of being, diagnosed with osteoporosis at an early age., , 2. The Indian Society for Bone and Mineral Research, a body of osteoporosis experts,, Is trying to spread awareness about this bone crippling disease. Osteoporosis starts in, childhood but has consequences later in life. This condition causes bones to become, riddled with holes, like the framework of a house that’s been attacked by termites, That can lead to broken bones, which in turn can cause deformity, chronic pain or, disability. Osteoporosis can be fatal: up to 25 per cent of older people who suffer a, broken hip, die within a year. Osteoporosis isn't just your grandmother's health threat, Although it strikes over 50 million women in India, it also menaces over 12 million men, Osteoporosis causes loss of height, pain in joints and back and fractures, and can be, , very depressing. So it is important that we adopt preventive measures to save millions, of people., , , , 3. There is a new medical understanding of the best Ways to protect ourselves and our, children. “Simple lifestyle changes and nutrition will help save your bones,”, Dr Mittal. To get us moving in the right direction, he says, “It's never too late to adopt, bone-friendly habits—exercise, get enough sunlight, and have adequate calcium, This way, we can keep our bones healthy and prevent osteoporosis., , Says, , A. Answer the following questions briefly: (2x4=8), (i) Why are fizzy and sugary drinks blamed for Osteoporosis?, , (ii) How do bones get weak?, (ii) When does osteoporosis become apparent? Why is it called fatal?, (wv) How does osteoporosis affect us? ,, , B. Find the words from the pas: ti, Delian. passage that mean the same as the following. Choose the correct, , (1) lack of physical activity: (1x4=4), , inactive (para-1), (b) suffer, (d) substitute, , (a) sedentary, (c) diagnosed, , an

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(ii) to identify the exact condition of the medical health (para-1), (a) consequences (b) vigorous, (©) diagnosed (d) awareness, , (mi) to stop something before it happens (para-2), , (a) menaces (b) preventive, (c) termites (d) framework, (vy) enough for a particular person (para-3), (a) adopt (b) prevent, (©) Measures (cdl) adequate, 2. Read the following Passage carefully. (12 marks), , 1. Child marriages are rampant in North India. Vhe curse continues to blight the lives of, people even as the country stands at the threshold of the 21st century. Children bound, by marriage are victims of blind customs and superstitions, prevalent in rural areas, and in certain urban concentrations as well among the weaker socio-economic groups., Nothing seems to stop this anti-social practice despite the Child Marriage Act passed as, early as in 1929, which makes child mat lage a grave offence., , , , , , , , 2. Why do marriages take place at all and what could be done to wean the people away, from the practice? The evil thrives because of illiteracy and other related causes—the, Most important of which is the anxiety of parents to marry off their daughters as early, as possible. In many states, where illiteracy is high, like in Rajasthan, the practice of, child marriage is in vogue. ‘Akhha ‘Teej’ is D-day for the parents of minor girls, for on, that day, they seek their salvation from the an ty of girls growing up in their midst., , 3. A child marriage is less likely to take place, if the parents are literate or at least the, , father is. He is then aware of the legal minimum age and health hazards his daughter, , will face by an early marriage. If the mother, otherwise literate, has been exposed to, the importance of family planning, she is also less likely to solemnise her daughter's, wedding at an age below the legal minimum., , , , , , , , , , 4. Among the other factor: causing parents to give away young daughters in marriage is, the need felt by families having more than one daughter, to keep wedding expenses, down. By marrying two daughters at the same time, parents save on expenses. Parental, anxiety about grown-up (14 years and above) daughters going astray, forces the less, educated to give away their female children in marriage., , , , 5. The existing law was amended in 1978, raising the minimum age, trom 15 to 18 years and for boys from 18 to 21 years. The, of women in its report in 1974 had recommended that all offences under the Child, Marriage Restrained Act should be made cognizable and special officers be appointed, to enforce the law. The Government, however did not pay heed to it while raising the, minimum age of marriage. At the same time, there is no foolproof system of registering, , births and thus, there is no legally enforceable method for establishing the age ofa male, or a female., , of marriage for girls, committee on the status, , , , 6. The committee also recommended that a girl should be entitled to repudiate a child, I age on attaining maturity even if such marriage was consummated. But this, remained only a hope which was never implemented by law. It has never been a reciated, that what is needed is social action, especially by social ac ists and or ad ., that the Provisions of the legislation are rigorously practised. Pe ssuonige's

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7. The o e pr is that the gi, 7. The crux of the problem is tha ural) is, , situation, which is pre-determined and pre-destined. Her role is circums¢ ribed, marriage and motherhood., , A. Answer the following questions briefly:, (i) What are the reasons for child marriage in India?, are the recommendations of the committee on the status of women, , (ii) What i, (iii) Why is it often difficult to establish the age of a male or female legally?, , (iv) How can the provisions of the legislation be rigorously practised?, , passage that mean the same as the following. Choose the corey, , ir-child in traditional rural areas is Caught 4,, , Toun,, , (2x4x,, , B. Find the words from the, (1x4z4,, , option., (i) a feeling of worry or nervousness (para-2), (b) anxiety, (d) offence, from harm, risk or destruction (para-2), (b) rampant, (d) salvation, , (a) salvation, , (c) superstitions, (ii) an act of protecting, , (a) illiteracy, , (c) customs, , (ili) to make minor changes (para-5), (b) recommended, , (d) consummated, , (a) amended, (c) enforceable, , (iv) to reject (para-6), (a) rigorously (b) circumscribed, , (c) repudiate (d) legislation, , 3. Read the following Passage carefully,, , (12 marks, , 1. Like all bad news and the common cold, allergies can Pop up when you least expec, , them. | suddenly developed an allergy to crocin (paracetamol) some years agi, , > after, , having it all my life to treat ever ything from headaches to fever and toothache. A seafood, , loving friend found himself unable to breathe after having Thai food for dinner, undergoing a battery of expensive tests, he was told that the chest ughtness w, , . After, , as nol, , caused by a heart attack, but by an allergy to shellfish, something he ate once a week, , and had never reacted before., , 9 S) ea ri Si re i i, 2. A stufle d or drippy Nose, frequent sneezing, an itchy throat rash, sinus, ear, difficulty in breathing, stomach cramps, and itchy, red or watery ey ee are, , a \ S © some, , pain, , of the, , common symptoms of an allergic Teaction. Pollen, dust, Polluted outdoor air and indoot, pollutants, such as dust mites, animal dander, cigarette smoke and mould mong, = are ar iS, , the common environmental Pollutants, while other triggers includ med, © mec IcInes,, , paint, , and chemicals in cleaners and cosmetics, such as hair colour and skin cr Among, foods, eight allergens account for almost 90% of food allergies: ea “ : my, . $s: K, SOY, wheat, ege., , peanut, tree nuts, fish, and shellfish., , 3. Most of us wrongly believe that people with allergies are either born with the condition, or develop identifiable symptoms in early childhood. You Couldn't be more y rong. An, allergy can occur at any time in your life and experts say its prevalence among ney, , Xam idea English- X

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is rising. While most people who develop allergies as adults have experienced some, allergic reaction—either to the same or an unrelated trigger before—a few have no, history of sensitivity., , 4. Inanacute immune reaction, the allergy trigger may be one, but the symptom is usually, caused by a combination of factors. Stress, a sterile environment that prevents the body, from developing robust natural immunity and lifestyle-induced changes in the body's, hormonal balance are thought to be some triggers. This is borne out by clinical evidence, that shows that women are more likely to develop allergies at puberty, after pregnancy, and at menopause, all of which point to hormonal causes., , 5. Of course, avoiding the allergy trigger and taking an anti-allergy medication as soon, as you can, after exposure to an allergen is the best possible protection. Since pollen, levels generally peak in the morning, people with airway sensitivity and asthma should, postpone outdoor exercises to later in the day or stick to exercising indoors as deeper, and more rapid breathing induced by aerobic exercise causes more pollen and dust, being inhaled, which can wreck your airways and lungs. Since air pollutants tend to, cling to clothes and hair, changing your clothes when you come home or washing your, hair before going to bed, lowers exposure., , 6. Allergies in adults can be treated using some anti-allergic medicines. For those who do, not respond to the standard treatment, there's always the option of a series of allergy, shots to help the immune system to build up a tolerance to the allergy. In most cases,, though, identifying and avoiding the allergen is enough to stay free of trouble., , A. Answer the following questions briefly: (2x4=8), (i) What are the common symptoms of an allergic reaction?, (ii) What are among the common environmental pollutants?, (iii) What is an acute immune reaction?, , (iv) How can you prevent/treat yourself from getting allergies:, , B. Find the words from the passage that mean the same as the following. Choose the correct, option. (1x4=4), (i) evidence of disease or any physical disturbance (para-2), , (a) allergy (b) reaction, (c) symptoms (d) cramps, (ii) free from bacteria or other living microorganisms (para-4), (a) immunity (b) sterile, (c) menopause (d) clinical, (iii) to hold on tightly (para-5), (a) cling (b) rapid, (c) induced (d) tigger, , (iv) a number of events coming one after the other (para-6), (a) cases (b) wreck, , (c) causes (d) series

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4. Read the following passage carefully. (12 marks), , 1. Discipline for democracy, development and decency in public We needs no ae, nor does it require any expert to espouse its cause for personal posse ane poeta = Ic ai, Discipline should be the order in public life. It is the crying need of t : ie ise » in, stands for training, especially of the mind and character, to develop obedience anc selt, control, in the face of temptation or provocation., , , , 2. Discipline in public life ensur, impetus to the forces of progr, , Ss peace and harmony, which in turn offers the required, ind prosperity. No country, big or small, can afford te, play duck and drakes with the deity called discipline. All talk of equity or social Justices, , , , becomes a cry in the wilderness or a pompous promise, 1f the ‘powers that he’ fail to, comprehend and carry out the dictates of discipline in all seine With dlise Ipline, all plans, policies and programs are bound to bear fruit. WwW henever people in public, lite or in private enterprise dilute the demands of discipline, most aspirations and, achievements go astray, leading to failure and frustration at various levels. Discipline for, countries like India which are standing at the threshold of economic breakthrough and, a stupendous store of opportunities, it’s the most immediate and urgent pre-requisite, , Discipline for the rulers and the ruled is an essential ingredient, if we mean business in, fields and factories., , vo, , . The recent outbreak of ‘plague’ and the w, sent across the world, was not an act of (, the regretful result of unpardonable, , rong signals chat this limited epidemu, sod, as some would like us to believe. bur, negligence on the part of civic authorities The, woeful way the routine calls of duty and discipline by paid public servants were given 4, B0-bye, is a matter of shame for one and all. ‘The heaps of garbage in towns, cities and, metros that were allowed to rot and their removal left to rag-pickers, speak volumes, , of the callous attitude towards discipline and devotion to duty. It is high time that we, , situp and do serious heart-searc hing., , 4. The ease with which Opposition sponsored *Bandhs" are organised in our country 1, another area of concern. With discipline in public life under a cloud, the entire socioeconomic Momentum is brought to a grinding halt. When such is the sadistic, towards discipline, there is nothing that can come to our rescue, if some, overtakes us in future. The remedy of so many ills that afflict us tod, talks but in the restoration of discipline in public life,, , can take us to our rightful place among the comity of r, , approach, bigger calamin, d ay lies notin tall, Discipline is the Only route that, lations., A, Answer the following questions briefly:, , (1) What is the advantage of discipline in public life?, , (i) What happens when disc ipline is diluted j, , (2x4=8), , Nn public or Private life?, (il) Why is discipline important for India?, , (iv) Why is the entire socio-economic momentum brought to, , 4 grinding halt?, , (1) an action or statement that is intended to make, , someone angry (, , Para-1), (b) development, , (a) provocation, , (c) solidarity (d) espouse