Page 2 : Table of Contents, , “Basics of Differential A, , , , , , , , , , , , 1.2 Basics of Differential Amplifier .., , 1.2.1 Differential Gain A, ........., 1.2.2 Common Mode Gain A, ..........5, , FEEE, , 1.3 Transistorised Differential Amplifier ., 13.1 Differential Mode Operation ........, , ERE, , ico, , 1.4 Types of Differential Amplifiers ...., , 1.5 D.C. Analysis of Differential Amplifier ., 1.6 A.C. Analysis of Differential Amplifier using h-Parameters, . 16:1 Differential GaN (Ag) iss isntescauinseanvasmes apres aueione, , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1.6.3 Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR), 1.6.4 Differential Input Impedance (R)..., 1.6.5 Output Impedance Gol eacevares commaaes, 1.7 A.C. Analysis of Differential Amplifier using r-Parameters., , 1.8 Methods of Improving CMRR....., , 1.9 Differential Amplifier with Constant Current Source..., 1.9.4 Circuit Analysis ........, ae este aaa 2 sia ves eiviereiees, 1.9.2 Temperature Compensation .. . ., 1.9.3 Constant Current Bias using Zener........, , 1.11 Use of an Active Load to Improve CARR, 1.12 Methods of Realizing High Input Resistance .., , 1.12.2 Use Of FET «00.0... cece ceeeeceee eens eisainibiaewieacaie ee aaw awa! eTeldaibis 1-33, , 1.12.3 Use of Swamping Resistors ..., ie eT DifferontioN Aesslifinre, , , , o, , scanned with Camscanner

Page 3 : 1.12.2 Use of FET, 1.12.3 Use of Swamping Resistors, 1.13 FET Differential Amplifiers ., 1.14 Cascaded Differential Amplifier Stages ., , Examples with Solutions, Review Questions, , —_ Amara CREAT, , 2.1 Introduction .., 2.1.1 Advantages of IC Technology . ., , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ER et, , 2.3 IC Chip Size and Circuit Complexity, 2.4 IC Package Types..., 2.4.1 Metal Can Packages, , 2.4.2 Dualn-Line Package ., 2.4.3 Flat Pack.............., , 2.4.4 Selection of IC Package ......., 2.5 Pin Identification..., , 2.6 Temperature Rangés.., , 2.7 Op-amp Symbol and Terminals ...., 2.7.1 Power Supply .............ee cee ee, , 2.7.2 Obtaining Dual Supply from Single Supply. . ..., 2.8 Block Diagram Representation of Op-amp ., , Beeckke te, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 2.8.2 Intermediate Stage ., 2.8.3 Level Shifting Stage., , 2.9 Input Stage of Op-amp, 2.10 Intermediate Stage, , 2.11 Level Shift Stage in Op-amp 2-16, 2.12 Output Stage in Op-amp ...........44 2-21, , , , 42.1 tate with Transistors... 2223, 2.13 Characteristics and Performance Parameters of Op-Amp.. ven 24, 2.13.1 Input Offset Voltage... .. ce seeaee vee Redd, , , , , 2.13.2 Input Offset Current., , , , scanned with CamsScanner

Page 4 : 2.13.3 Input Bias Current .........ceccsereceereeeneeeeeeeeneeesenneeeeseeneees 2-26, 2.13.4 Differential Input Resistance . . ws ., , 2.13.5 Input Capacitance ........, 2.13.6 Loop Vi Gain, 213.7. CURR ois. 0v ceases, 2.13.8 Vv ing . ., 2.13.9 Resistance...........+, 2.13.10 Offset Voltage Adjustment Range, 2.43.11 Voltage Range ........., 2.13.12 Power Supply Rejection Ratio. ..........sccsccccscccecccscsercceeceveses, 2.13.13 Power Consumption ........ oeacee, 2.13.14 Slew Rate, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 2.13.16 Equivalent Input Noise Voltage and Current.......... +2234, 2.13.17 Average Temperature Coefficient of Offset Parameters . «223d, 2.13.18 Output Offset Voltage (Vig)... -ssesseeeeeeeeneees +2234, 2.13.19 Supply Current. .........cceeseeeeeeeeees 2-32, , 2.13.20 Parameter Consideration for Various Applications, 2.14 Absolute Maximum Ratings of Op-Amp.., , , , , , 2.15 Ideal Op-Amp Characteristics ............4+ wed 34, 2.16 Voltage Transfer Curve of Op-Amp .. 2-36, 2.16.1 Ideal Voltage Transfer Curve......... +2238, 2.16.2 Practical Voltage Transfer CUVE..........cseceeeeseceseseeeeneeeuenenenes 2-37, , 2.17 Equivalent Circuit of Practical Op-Amp, , 2.18 Slew Rate................., .18.1 Effect of Slew Rate .., , 2.18.3 Transient Response Rise Time. ., , 2.19 D.C. Characteristics of Op-Amp...., 2.19.1 Output Offset Voltage (V,., ) aiv'ecied Sines, 2.19.2 Thermal Drift... ...........06, , 2.19.2.2 Effect on Input Offset and Bias Currents, 2.20 A.C. Characteristics of Op-Amp...., , 2.21 Open Loop Configuration of Op-Amp .., , 2.22 Closed Loop Operation of Op-Amp..., , 2.23 General Purpose Op-Amp 741 .., , ~ Scanned with CamScanner

Page 5 : 2.23.2 Intermal Schematic........csscssescssecscseeeseetcntevscveseeenssenenes, , 2.23.3 Ideal Vs Practical Characteristics of IC 741 Op-Amp ........, , 2.23.4 Classes of Op-Amp IC 741 .., 2.24 FET Input Op-amps .... a, , 2.24.1 BIFET Op-AMp..... cece cee ce eee ee ees eeseseenecseaeeueeeusnneres :, , 2.24.2 BIMOS Op-aMp. 20... ss eeeeeceseeeeeeeseeeeeees :, 2.25 Measurement Techniques of Op-amp Parameters, , 2.25.1 Measurement of Open Loop Voltage Gain (Act). . ., , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 2.25.6 Measurement of Output Offset Voltage... ., 2.25.7 Measurement of Differential Input Resistance, 2.25.8 Measurement of Resistance ....., , 2.25.9 Measurement of Slew Rate... .., 2.26 Stability of an Op-amp..........., 2.26.1 Stability Specifications from Frequency Response ., 2.26.2 Stability Criterion........ “ oe, 2.27 Concept of Frequency Compensation, , 2.28 External Compensation Techniques, , 2.28.1 Dominant Pole Compensation ......, 2.28.2 Pole-Zero tion. .... 6., , 2.28.3 Feed-Forward Compensation ..........eeeeeseeseeeeseeeeneseeseeeeeres :, , 2.29 Internal Compensation Technique..., 2.29.1 Miller Effect Compensation, , Examples with Solutions........ or, Review Questions ........cccsssecssessssesssecsssssrssssnescsnsssssesessnensnsnesssssesnseasesnsen, , , , , , 3.2 Realistic Simplifying Assumptions ., 3.2.1 Zero Input Current... ., , 3.3 Ideal Inverting Amplifier ... 3-3, , 3.4 Ideal Non-inverting Amplifier, 3.5 Important Point about Non-inverting Amplifier, , , , Scanned with CafmScanner