Page 1 :
SHAKIL TUTORIAL, , BASICS OF COMPUTER, Chapter No. 1, , Q1 . What is a computer?, , Ans. Computer can also be defined in terms of functions it can perform. A computer, can accept data, store data, process data as desired and retrieve the stored data as, when required and print the result in desired format., , Q2. What is an input device? or briefly describe various important devices? Or Write, short note on?, 1. KEYBOARD, MOUSE, LIGHTPEN, OPTICAL /MAGNETIC SCANNER, TOUCHSCREEN, MICROPHONE FOR VOICE AS INPUT], TRACK BALL, , "dl il el ak lo, , Ans. Keyboard, A keyboard-is the most common input device. Several kinds of keyboards are available,, but they resemble each other with minor variations. The keyboard is the most common, use is QWERTY board Generally standard keyboard has 104 keys., , Mouse-A mouse is a mechanical, hand-held device. It is used as a pointer. It can, perform functions like selecting menu commands, moving icons, resizing windows,, starting programs, and choosing options., , Light pen :- An input device that utilize a light - sensitive detector to select objects on a, display screen., , Optical Scanner-These devices are used for automatic data collection. The devices of, this category completely eliminate manual input of data., , Touch Screen-Touch panel display and pads are now being offered as alternatives to, keyboard., , Microphone-Microphone is an input device which takes voice as input. The voice, communication is more error-prone than information through keyboard., , Track Ball: Track ball a pointing device is a mouse lying on its back . To move the, pointer you rotate the ball with your thumb , your fingers, or the palm of your hand, , Q3. What are the five basic operation performed by the computer ?, OR, Q] Define, a) ALU, b) CU, c) CPU, d) Memory Unit, e) Output, , Data Entry Page 1, , , , , , , , , , , , Scanne d with CamScanner

Page 2 :
SHAKIL TUTORIAL, , Ans. The computer performs basically five major operations of functions irrespective of, their size and make These are 1) it accepts data or instruction by way of input , 2) it, stores data , 3) it can process data required by the user , ) it gives results in the form of, output , and 5) it controls all operation inside a computer ., , 0, , a) Input : this is the process of entering data and programs into the computer system ., b) Control Unit (CU) : the process of input , output , processing and storage is, performed under the supervision of a unit called ‘Control Unit’ ., , c) Memory Unit : Computer is used to store data and instructions ., , d) Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) : the major operations performed by the ALU are addition, , subtraction , multiplication , division , logic and comparison ., , e) Output : This is the process of producing results from the data for getting useful, information ., , CPU: The ALU and the CU of a Computer system are jointly known as the central, processing unit (CPU) . You may call CPU as the brain of any computer system ., , Q4 . What is an output devices ?, OR, Briefly describe various important devices ?, OR, Write short note on output devices ?, , A] Output devices return processed data that is information , back to the user . some of, the commonly used output devices are:, , a) Monitor (visual display unit ), , b) Printers, , c) Plotter, , d) Speakers, , a) Monitor : Out of all the output devices , monitor is perhaps the most important, output device because people interact with this device most intensively than other ., , Two basic types of monitors are used with microcomputers, which are as follows :, , 1) CRT, , 2) LCD, , 1) Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) : CRT or Cathode ray tube monitor is the typical monitor, that you see on desktop computer . It looks like a television screen , and works the, same way . This type uses a large vacuum tube , called Cathode ray tube (CRT), , 2) Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) : This type of monitors are also known as flat panel, monitor . most of these employ Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) to render images . These, days LCD monitor are very popular ., , b) Printer : After a document created on computer , it can be sent to a printer for a hard, copy ( print out) Some of the most commonly used printers are :, , Data Entry Page 2, , , , , , , , , , , , Scanne d with CamScanner

Page 3 :
SHAKIL TUTORIAL, , 1) Laser Printer, , 2) Ink-Jet Printer, , 3) Dot Matrix Printer, 4) Line Printer, , 1) Laser Printer : A laser printer produces high quality print that one normally finds in, publishing . It is extremely fast and quiet., , 2) Ink-Jet Printer : An ink-jet printer creates an image directly on paper by spraying ink, through as many as 64 tiny nozzles ., , 3) Dot Matrix Printer : The dot matrix printer was very popular at one point of time . It is, a very versatile and inexpensive output device ., , 4) Line Printer : A line printer is generally used with large computer systems to produce, text based data processing reports . Line printers are high-speed printers with speeds, ranging anywhere from 100 to about 3800 lines per minute ., , c) Plotter : A plotter is a special kind of output device that , like a printer , produces, images on paper , but does so in a different way . Plotters are designed to produce large, drawings or images , such as construction plans for buildings or blueprints for, mechanical objects .A plotter can be connected to the port normally used by a printer ., , d) Speaker : Speakers are another type of output device , which allow you to listen to, voice like music , and conversation with people ., , Q5 .] Write short note on computer language's ?, A] Computer languages are broadly classified as :, , 1) Low Level Language: The term low level means closeness to way in which machine, understand ., , The low level are:, , a) Machine Language : This is the language (in the form of 0's and 1's , called binary, numbers) understood directly by the computer ., , b) Assembly Language : This is the language where the machine code comprising of 0's, and 1's are substituted by symbolic codes (called Mnemonics) to improve their, understanding . It is the first step to improve programming structure., , High Level Language :, , a) Basic (Beginners All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code ) : It is widely used , easy to, learn general purpose language . Mainly used in microcomputers in earlier days., , Data Entry Page 3, , , , , , , , , , , , Scanne d with CamScanner

Page 4 :
SHAKIL TUTORIAL, , b)Cobol (Common Business Oriented Language ) : A standardized language used for, commercial applications., , c) Fortran (Formula Translation) : Developed for solving mathematical and scientific, problems . One of the most popular languages among scientific community., , d) C : Structured Programming Language used for all purpose such as scientific, application , commercial application , developing games etc, , e) C++ : Popular object oriented programming language , used for general purpose, Smartphone., , Q6. What are Application Software?, Ans. Application software is a set of programs ,which are written to perform specific, tasks, for example ;An application package for managing library known as library, information system is used managing information of library such as; keeping book, details, account holder details, book issued details, book return details etc. Application, software can be broadly classified into 2types;1Generalized packages.2Customized, packages, Generalized packages-These are user friendly software written to cater to user very, general needs such as preparing documents, drawing pictures, database to manage, data/information, preparing presentations, play games etc., , Some of the generalized packages are listed below., 1.Word Processing Software-(For preparing documents)word perfect, Ms- word,, open office.org writer, 2.Spreadsheets-(dataanalysis)lotus smart suites ,Ms excel ,open office.org calc, apple, numbers., 3.Presentations-presentationsgraphics ,Ms PowerPoint, open office.org impress., , 4.Database management system-Ms-access, open office.org-base, MS-SQL Server,, ORALE., , 5.Graphics tools; Paint shop, adobe Photoshop., , Customized Packages-These are the applications that are customized (or developed), to meet the specific requirements of an organization/institution. These packages are, developed using high-level computer language, , Q7. What are system software? OR Distinguish between System software and, Application Software?, , Ans. When you switch on the computer the programs stored in ROM are executed which, activated different units of your computer and makes ready for you to work on it. This, set of programs can be called system software., , An operating system is a system software that provides an interface for a user to, communicate with the computer, manages hardware devices(disk drives, keyboard,, monitor etc),manages and maintains disk file systems and support application, programs. Some popular operating system are UNIX windows and Linux., , Although operating system provides all the features users need to use and, , Data Entry Page 4, , , , , , , , , , , , Scanne d with CamScanner

Page 5 :
SHAKIL TUTORIAL, , maintain their systems inevitably, they still do not meet everyone's expectations. This, has led to another type of system software called utilities, , Q8. Distinguish between Compiler and Assembler, , Compiler : The software that reads a program written in high level language and, translates it into an equivalent program in machine language is called as Compiler., , Assembler : The software that reads a program written in assembly language and, translates it into an equivalent program in machine language is called as Assembler., , OPERATING SYSTEM, Chapter No. 2, , Q Define Operating System ?, , Ans: Operating system is a type of system software which has some general programs, written for a computer. Some common operating systems are windows 95,98, 2000,, XP,UNIX LINUX etc., , Q What is Desktop ?, , Ans When you turn on your computer the screen first displays BIOS about your, computer. The main items you see on a desktop are, , 1.My Computer 2.My Documents 3.Recycle Bin 4. My Briefcase, , 5. Internet Explorer., , Q. Define Task Bar?, , Ans. When you start the computer system, then start and task bar appears on the, , Data Entry Page 5, , , , , , , , , , , , Scanne d with CamScanner