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Profit and Loss, Profit and Loss formula is used in mathematics to determine the price of a commodity in the, market and understand how profitable a business is. Every product has a cost price and selling, price. Based on the values of these prices, we can calculate the profit gained or the loss incurred, for a particular product. The important terms covered here are cost price, fixed, variable and, semi-variable cost, selling price, marked price, list price, margin, etc. Also, we will learn, the profit and loss percentage formula here., For example, for a shopkeeper, if the value of selling price is more than the cost price of a, commodity, then it is a profit and if the cost price is more than the selling price, it becomes a, loss., , Profit and Loss Basic Concepts, Let us learn profit and loss concepts in maths. It is well explained in terms of cost price and selling price., , Profit(P), The amount gained by selling a product with more than its cost price., , Loss(L), The amount the seller incurs after selling the product less than its cost price, is mentioned as a loss., , Cost Price (CP), The amount paid for a product or commodity to purchase it is called a cost price. Also, denoted as CP. This cost price, is further classified into two different categories:, , •, , Fixed Cost: The fixed cost is constant, it doesn’t vary under any circumstances, , •, , Variable Cost: It could vary depending as per the number of units, , Selling Price (SP), The amount for which the product is sold is called Selling Price. It is usually denoted as SP. Also, sometimes called a, sale price., , Marked Price Formula (MP), This is basically labelled by shopkeepers to offer a discount to the customers in such a way that,, , •, , Discount = Marked Price – Selling Price, , •, , And Discount Percentage = (Discount/Marked price) x 100, , Profit and Loss Formulas, Now let us find profit formula and loss formula., , •, , The profit or gain is equal to the selling price minus cost price.

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•, , Loss is equal to cost price minus selling price., , Profit or Gain = Selling price – Cost Price, Loss = Cost Price – Selling Price, The formula for the profit and loss percentage is:, , Profit percentage = (Profit /Cost Price) x 100, Loss percentage = (Loss / Cost price) x 100, , Profit and Loss Examples, •, , If a shopkeeper brings a cloth for Rs.100 and sells it for Rs.120, then he has made a profit of Rs.20/-., , •, , If a salesperson has bought a textile material for Rs.300 and he has to sell it for Rs.250/-, then he has gone, through a loss of Rs.50/-., , •, , Suppose, Ram brings a football for Rs. 500/- and he sells it to his friend for Rs. 600/-, then Ram has made a, profit of Rs.100 with the gain percentage of 20%., These are some common examples of the profit and loss concept in real life, which we observe regularly., , Profit and Loss Tricks, You have learned until now how to calculate profit as well as loss and also the percentage of them. Now let us learn, some tricks or formulas to solve maths problems based on gain and loss, starting from the general formulas., Profit, P = SP – CP; SP>CP, Loss, L = CP – SP; CP>SP, P% = (P/CP) x 100, L% = (L/CP) x 100, SP = {(100 + P%)/100} x CP, SP = {(100 – L%)/100} x CP, CP = {100/(100 + P%)} x SP, CP = {100/(100 – L%)} x SP, Discount = MP – SP, SP = MP -Discount, For false weight, profit percentage will be P% = (True weight – false weight/ false weight) x 100., When there are two successful profits say m% and n%, then the net percentage profit equals to, (m+n+mn)/100, 13. When the profit is m% and loss is n%, then the net % profit or loss will be: (m-n-mn)/100, 14. If a product is sold at m% profit and then again sold at n% profit then the actual cost price of the product will, be: CP = [100 x 100 x P/(100+m)(100+n)]. In case of loss, CP = [100 x 100 x P/(100-m)(100-n)], 15. If P% and L% are equal then, P = L and %loss = P2/100, 1., 2., 3., 4., 5., 6., 7., 8., 9., 10., 11., 12., , Solved Problems, Q. 1: Suppose a shopkeeper has bought 1 kg of apples for 100 rs. And sold it for Rs. 120 per kg. How much is, the profit gained by him?, Solution:, Cost Price for apples is 100 rs., Selling Price for apples is 120 rs., Then profit gained by shopkeeper is ; P = SP – CP, P = 120 – 100 = Rs. 20/-

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Q.2: For the above example calculate the percentage of the profit gained by the shopkeeper., Solution:, We know, Profit percentage = (Profit /Cost Price) x 100, Therefore, Profit percentage = (20/100) x 100 = 20%., Q.3: A man buys a fan for Rs. 1000 and sells it at a loss of 15%. What is the selling price of the fan?, Solution: Cost Price of the fan is Rs.1000, Loss percentage is 15%, As we know, Loss percentage = (Loss/Cost Price) x 100, 15 = (Loss/1000) x 100, Therefore, Loss = 150 rs., As we know,, Loss = Cost Price – Selling Price, So, Selling Price = Cost Price – Loss, = 1000 – 150, Selling Price = R.850/Q.4: If a pen cost Rs.50 after 10% discount, then what is the actual price or marked price of the pen?, Solution: MP x (100 – 10) /100 = 50, MP x (90/100) = 50, MP = (50 x 100)/90, MP = Rs. 55.55/Points to remember:, , •, , For-profit, the selling price should be more than the cost price, , •, , For loss, cost price should be more than the selling price., , •, , The percentage value for profit and loss is calculated in terms of cost price.