Page 1 : fe, , ° ° 5, r -was his theory of socialism: vil, 4. Who was Karl Marx? What was y pv act be, , Ans. Karl Marx was a communist, who introduce, Karl Marx’s Theory:, , (i) He felt that the industrial society belonged to th, , (ii) Capitalists owned the capital invested in industries, Dual is, , (iti) He believed that the condition of workers would never improve, as, , (v) Marx believed that to free themselves from th, , d the concept 0, , c capitalists., , he profit was produced by workey,, long as profit was taken, by the capitalists. yew, , e capitalists’ exploitation, workers had to, , led., , form a socialist society where all property was socially contro, , This would be a communist society., , 5. What were the main causes of the Russian Revolution?, Ans. Main causes of Russian Revolution were:, (i) Autocratic rule of Tsars: In 1914, the Russian emperor was Tsar Nicholas II. He fought a, , (zt), , (iii), , (iv), , (v), , number of wars to expand his empire in the north and west in Europe. He had borne the, , expenditure of war by taxing the common people of Russia., , Conditions of peasants: Majority of the Russians were agriculturalists. Major part of the, , land was owned by nobles and clergy and these peasants worked as farmers on daily wages., , They were paid less and worked more and sometimes under debt, they were not even paid, wages., , Status of industries: Industry was found in pockets. Prominent industrial areas were St., Petersburg and Moscow. Craftsmen undertook much of the production, but large factories, existed alongside crafts workshops. Foreign investment in industries increased with the, extension of Russia’s railway network., , Conditions of workers in the industries: Most industries were owned by private, industrialists. Though the government supervised factories’ working hours and wages of, the workers, still rules were broken. Women workers were also paid less than men. Some, workers formed associations ue dele members in times of unemployment and financial, hardships., , , , , , , , , Formation of soc ist illegal in Russia before F914. The, Russian So ial Democ “ 5 ounded ir 18 8 by socialists, who respected, Marxist ideas. Bt ¢ t @ to Operate secretly as an illegal, , ih z ay ter n ean wu a, , organisation. ganised strikes.