Page 1 : (B), Exercises, 4. Which is the emblem animal and famous, Q. 1. Choose the correct options for the, following:, 1. The main latitude line passing through, the middle of Australia continent is-, tree of Australia ?, (a) Tropic of Cancer, (b) Equator, (c) Tropic of Capricorn, Ans. The emblem animal of Australia is, "Kangaroo" and the famous tree is "Eucalyptus.", Q. 3. Short Answer Type Questions:, 1. Why is the western part of Australia, continent is desert ?, (d) None of the above., Ans. Due to surficial structure of Australian, continent, the eastern mountain regions get very heavy, rains. Except the eastern mountain ranges, there are, no high mountain ranges in the western and central, parts of Australia which could stop heavy rain winds, that cause rainfall. Hence, in western Australia, there, is a vast desert., 2. Describe the inland drainage of Australia, 2. Which is island continent ?, S (a) Antarctica, (b) Australia, (c) Asia, (d) North America., 3. Which is the country of Australia, Continent ?, continent., Ans. In between the Western Plateau and Eastern, Highlands lies an extensive lowland. Many rivers, flow in this lowland but most of the rivers are not, (b) Cuba, (a) Fiji, (c) Chile, 4. In which region of Australian continent,, lies the Great Barrier Reef ?, (d) Bornio., able reach the sea and fall into the inland lakes. The, biggest lake Eyre is situated in this area. So, the, major area around the Eyre Lake is known as inland, drainage area., 3. Describe the climate of Australia., (a) South-east region, (b) North-east region, (c) North-west region, (d) Southern Coastal region., Ans. 1. (c) Tropic of Capricorn, 2. (b) Australia,, 3. (a) Fiji, 4. (b) North-east region., Q. 2. Very Short Answer Type Questions:, I. The area of Eyre Lake which is in the central, Ans. As Australia lies in the Southern, Hemisphere, the seasons of Australia are opposite to, those of Northern Hemisphere. When India, which is, in Northern Hemisphere, experiences summer, at that, time, there is winter in Australia., The rains mainly occur due to south-east trade, winds in Australia.Except the eastern mountain, ranges, there are no high mountain ranges in the, western and central of Australia which could stop, heavy rain winds that cause rainfall., lowlands where rivers falls into lakes is known as., Ans. The area of Eyre Lake which is in the, central lowlands where rivers falls into lakes is known, as Inland Drainage., 2. What is the high but narrow long belt of, plateaus called in the Australian continents ?, Ans. In the Australian continent, the high but, narrow belt of plateaus is called "Great Dividing, Range"., 3. By what name the sea landform made by, coral insects in the east coast of Australia is known ?, Ans. The sea landform made by coral insects, in the east coast of Australia is known as the "Great, Barrier Reef"., In the north coast by trade winds and in the, southern coasts especially in Tasmania island rains, occur by western winds., 4. Give a description of the prominent animals, of Australian continent., The prominent animals of Australian continent, are as follows-, (a) Kangaroo-Kangaroo is the national animal, of Australia; there are a lot of Kangaroos in this region.

Page 2 : Social Science 73, b) Emu-The Emu is a large-sized bird which, nnot fly but it runs very fast., (c) Kookaburra-The Kookaburra is called the, nghing jackal because of its peculiar laugh-like call., (d) Lyre Bird-This is one of the most beautiful, nds in the world. Kiwis and Penguins are famous, nds of New Zealand and Kiwi is the national bird ridge has been formed as result of the deposition of, New zealand., 5. What is Downs ? Explain., 2. What is the Great Barrier Reef ?, Ans. Along the north-east coast of Australia, extends a very long coral ridge (rocks of coral) known, as the Great Barrier Reef. This world famous reef is, more than 1920 km in length and its distance from, the coast varies from 11 to 100 kilometres. This coral, the skeletons of tiny insect corals.The corals are tiny, sea insects that live closely to the rocky sea floor. The, Ans. In the north of Australia there is tropical corals grow in warm, clean, shallow waters in the, rassland and in the south of Murray-Darling Basin, here is temperate grassland which is known as 'Downs'., 6. Mention about the Physical features of New, Zealand island., Ans. In the South-east of Australia lies New, Zealand. New Zealand is a mountain island. In the, North and South islands, there streches a mountain, range from north to south. In the southern island,, this mountain range is called South Alps. The narrow, Cook Strait divides the north and south islands of, New Zealand., tropical regions. When the coral die, their remains, stick at its places and new corals grow on them. The, vast remains of the corals are called coral reefs., 3. Write in detail about the vegetation and, animals of Australia continent., Ans. The climate and surface structure of any, area affects the vegetation. The coastal areas which, receive heavy rainfall are abound with long trees and, forests. The western and central dry land are full of, thorny bushes and grass., Tropical forests are found in the northern and, north-eastern coastal regions of Australia which, receive heavy rains. They are like monsoon forests., The important trees that grow in these forests are, Devdar, Date, Bamboo, Baobab and Bottle. The, Eucalyptus is the main tree of these Australian forests., The Koala is an animal which mostly lives on the trees, and eats the leaves of eucalyptus trees., Q. 4. Long Answer Type Questions:, 1. Describe the physical divisions of Australia., Ans. The major physical region of Australia can, be divided in four parts on the basis of structure-, (a) Western Plateau-The Western part of, Australia is a vast plateau. It occupies nearly two-, third of the continent and lies from north to south. The, northern part is occupied by the Great Sandy Desert, and the southern part by Great Victoria Desert. This, area is made up of old rocks., (b) The Central Lowlands-In between the, Western Plateau and Eastern Highlands lies an extensive, lowland. It extends from the Bay of Carpentaria in north, across the continent to the Southern shores of Australia., Many rivers flow in the lowland but most of the rivers, do not reach the sea and fall into the inland lakes., (c) Eastern Mountain Ranges-There is, parallel expansion of this mountain ranges from the, Cape York Peninsula in east coast to the Tasmania, island in the South They form a long belt of the high, plateaus and are known as the Great Dividing Range., These are very narrow and high in south., (d) Coastal Plains-There is ocenic water all, around the continent, hence there are narrow coastal, plains in the continent. The sea sand and water-borne, soil on the mouth of rivers is found here., The central regions of Australia which receive, little rain have two types of grasslands. In the north, there is tropical grassland and in the south of Murray-, Darling Basin is temperate grassland which is known, as 'Downs' also. There are lot of Kangaroos in this, region. Emu, Kookaburra and Lyre Bird are other, different birds.