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», , , , 12. Why Classification ?, , * Taxonomy : The branch of biology that identifies organisms, classifies them on the basis of similarities and, differences and names them scientifically., , The scientist, Carl Linnaeus, who fixed taxonomic hierarchy and provided a scientific base for classification,, is known as the ‘Father of Modern Taxonomy’., , * Taxonomic keys are the scientific indicators used for identifying and classifying living beings. Of which, the, , dichotomous keys are important and this keys has two possibilities of selection., [For instance, With incisors -without incisors, Claws that can be withdrawn -not withdrawn, With wings, — without wings, Having a pair of feet — not etc. are two different criteria for identification], , * Scientists who tried to classify organisms ;, , , , , , , , , , , , Aristotle The Father of Biology | Classified organisms asthose with red blood cells, BC, 384-322 (Greece) and those without red blood cells., , Theophrastus The Father of Botany Classified plants into annuals, biennials and, , BC, 371-287 (Greece) perennials., , Charakan The Father of Ayurveda |He wrote the treatise ‘Charaka Samhita’ by, , AD. 1st century (India) including in it around 200 plants and animals., , John Ray Used the term ‘species’ |Recorded more than 18000 plants in the book, , AD. 1627-1705 (England) |for the first time. ‘Historia Generalis Plantarum’, , Carl Linnaeus The Father of Modem |* Suggested the taxonomic hierarchy,, , AD, 1707-1778 (Sweden) [Taxonomy Species — Genus — Family — Order / Series — Class —, , Phylum — Kingdom., , * Proposed binomial nomenclature, the scientific, naming of organisms using Genus name and, Species name., , , , , , Robert H.Whittaker Classified organisms in 5 kingdoms, , AD. 1920-1980 (America) (as Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia), Carl Woese Included organisms in 6 kingdoms under 3 Domains, AD. 1928-2012 (America) , (Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya), , , , , , , , , , , , , , H Wha, ., , * Methodod classification by Carl Linnaeus (in animals) :, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Taxonomic Example-1 (Cat) xample-3 (Man), licie-leelahig, , a. Kingdom Animalia (all animals) Animalia Animalia, , b. Phylum Chordata (vertebrates) Chordata Chordata, , c. Class Mammalia (milk feeding) Mammalia Mammalia, , d. Order Carnivora (having teeth to tear off flesh) [Carnivora Primates, , e. Family Felidae (having withdrawable claws) Canidae Hominidae, , f. Genus Felis (small sized body, no roaring sound) | Canis Homo, , g. Species Domesticus (features of the domestic cat) |familiaris sapiens