Page 1 : CHAPTER – 18, NEW POLITICAL FORMATION IN THE 18TH CENTURY, , TEXTUAL QUESTION, 1., , a), , Why did Guru Hargovind organize the Sikhs into a militant community?, , Ans., , Guru Hargovind organized the Sikhs into a militant community to fight against the, Mughals., , 2., , b), , Name the Rajput ruler who built astronomical observations in different places in, India., , Ans., , Raja Jai Singh of Amber built astronomical observations in different places of India., , c), , Why are the Later Mughals so called?, , Ans., , The Later Mughals are so called because they are not powerful and did not have, enough prestige like the great Mughals., , a), , How did Balaji Vishwanath lay the foundation of the Maratha confederacy?, , Ans., , Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath held a pact with Sayyid Hussain Ali and get the right to, collect Chauth and Sardeshmukhi in the six Mughals Subhas in the Deccan. To the, Maratha chieftains, Balaji gave away distinct are for collection of Chauth and, Sardeshmukhi. Thus, the foundation of Maratha confederacy was laid., , b), , How did Vaishnavism influence the policy of Garibniwaj in his rule?, , Ans., , Garibniwaz was a staunch follower of Vaishnavism. It influence his policy and action, in many ways. He himself assume the title of Maharaja and created the office of, Mantri. Garibniwaz has been initiated to the religion by one Guru Gopal Das., Vaishnavism was made the state religion of Manipur under Garibniwaz., , c), , How did the Hyderabad state become independent of the Mughals?, , Ans., , Chin Qulich Khan, popularly known as Nijam – ul – Mulk became the Wazir under the, new Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah. When Mughals were disintegrated, Nijam, took full control of the Deccan and thus the Hyderabad state became independent, from the Mughals., , d), , How did Garbniwaj organise the administration of the Hills?, , Ans., , The title of Ningthou (Chief) was changed to Khullakpa (Administrator of the village)., Some of the Khullakpa’s were given certain rights and previlages. Each Khullapa was, assisted by a Luplakpa, sometimes the Khullakpa’s were called Khunbu (owner of the, village)