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2nd Proof, , Standard, , 17, , : 6 | Social Science, , Livelihood, Introduction, , 1., , __________________ use minimum facilities., , (A), , (A) Villagers, , (B) People living in towns, , (C) People living in cities, , (D) All of these, , 2., , Villagers are connected with the economic system in different ways. ( or ), , 3., , Most of the people in the village are engaged in farming.***, , 4., , Which is the most common occupation in the rural areas? ***, (A) Government job, , (B) Farming, , (C) Industry, , (D) All of these, , 5., , Local arrangements and the local environment directly affect the village life. ( or ), , 6., , India has a wonderful unity in diversity., , 7., , In India there are more than 5000 cities., , 8., , In India there are about 27000 small and big towns., , 9., , From where do people come to the city to get employment ?***, , ( ), , (B), , ( ), , (D), , (A) From the nearby villages, (B) From other states, (C) From other cities, (D) All of these, 10., , Our constitution grants the right to settle peacefully anywhere in India., , 11., , How do people earn their livelihood?, , A., , People earn their livelihood by service, business or labour work., Village Life, , 12., , Villagers do farming as well as cattle breeding. ( or ), , 13., , Apart from farming, which other occupations are generally seen in villages ?, , A., , ( ), , In villages, apart from farming other occupations like cattle rearing, tailoring, etc. are common., Some people also work as black smiths, barbers, cobblers, shop keepers, etc., , 14., A., , Where do you find people engaged in farming or farm labourers?***, Farmers and farm labourers are found in villages., I am ‘Confident’... I am a Change Maker., , 79

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2nd Proof, , Chapter 17 : Livelihood, Labour Work And Life In The Villages, 15., A., , Give reason: The owners of big farms hire farm labourers to do work on their farms., If the farm is very big, one or two persons are not enough to maintain and grow crops. Thus, to earn, more profit the owners of big farms hire farm labourers to do work on their farms., , 16., , Farm labourers get work every day. ( or ), , 17., , Why do farm labourers sometimes need to borrow money?, , A., , ( ), , Farm workers are daily wage earners. It is very difficult for them to get work every day. Sometimes, they do not get any work for many consecutive days and thus they do not earn anything during, these days. So to meet their needs they have to borrow money from the big landowners of the, village at a very high rate of interest., , 18., A., , When do farm labourers have to look for work other than farming?, For four months after harvesting in December, generally farm labourers do not get any work on, farms and they have to look for work other than farming., , 19., A., 20., A., 21., , Name the major steps involved in farming., Ploughing, sowing, weeding and harvesting are the major steps involved in farming., During which months do farm labourers get enough work?, Generally, from May to December, farm labourers get enough work., In Gujarat, farmers have plenty of work in the months of April and May. ( or ), , ( ), , Farming, Cattle Rearing And Livelihood, 22., , What do farmers bring from the market for farming?, , A., , Farmers bring seeds and fertilizers from the market for farming., , 23., , Many dealers lend seeds and fertilizers to the farmers. ( or ), , 24., , Normally, when does a farmer pay the money for the seeds and fertilizers he has borrowed, , ( ), , from the dealers?, A., , A farmer normally pays the money to the dealer when the crop is harvested., , 25., , Apart from farming, which other source of income does a farmer have?, , A., , Apart from farming, a farmer earns from cattle rearing and other retail work., , 26., , Small farmers who also rear cattle, normally sell milk to co-operative society. ( or ), , 27., , How is cattle rearing helpful to farmers?, , A., , ( ), , Village farmers earn additional income by cattle rearing which helps them in earning their livelihood., Also, during the months, when there is no work in farms, income from cattle rearing helps them to, , 80, , I am ‘Confident’... I am a Change Maker.

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2nd Proof, , Standard, , : 6 | Social Science, , make up their living., 28., A., , Write a short note on cattle rearing and farm labourers.***, In villages, farming and cattle rearing are connected to each other and play a very important role in, the life of villagers. Small landowners apart from farming do cattle rearing. They generally rear, milch cattle such as cows, buffaloes, etc. Village farmers earn additional income by cattle rearing, which helps them in earning their livelihood. Also, during the months, when there is no work in, farms, income from cattle rearing helps them to make up their living., There are many families in villages that do not have their own land. They work as farm labourers on, other’s farms. They earn daily wages for their work. They do farm work like weeding, sowing,, ploughing, harvesting, etc. They get work only in particular months. For the rest of the months they, are unemployed and sometimes move to other places or villages in search of work. During this, time, they have to look for work other than farming., Connection Of The Village With The City, , 29., , In villages, retailers sell vegetables, groceries, etc. in their shop. ( or ), , ( ), , 30., , In villages, sometimes shopkeeper use barter system. ( or ), , ( ), , 31., , How does the farm produce from the villages sold to the cities?, , A., , Farmers sell their product to the village merchant who sells it to the big shops of the nearby city. The, merchant buys the product from the farmers at a lower rate and sells at a little higher rate in the city, and earns profit., Other Ways of Earning, , 32., , A fisherman is called a food producer. ( or ), , ( ), , 33., , Fishermen can do fishing round the year. ( or ), , ( ), , 34., , Which of the following is dangerous during monsoon?, , (D), , (A) Farming, 35., A., , (B) Wood cutting, , (C) Cattle rearing, , (D) Fishing, , Give reason : Fishermen can’t go fishing in the sea during monsoon., During the rainy season it is risky to explore the sea, because there may be huge waves in the sea, and sometimes there may be a cyclone. It can be dangerous for their life as well as for their property, to go fishing in the sea during monsoon., , 36., A., , When do fishermen need to borrow money? Why?, During the rainy season it is risky to explore the sea because of the possibility of cyclones. So,, I am ‘Confident’... I am a Change Maker., , 81

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2nd Proof, , Chapter 17 : Livelihood, fishermen have to avoid fishing during the four months of monsoon. Since they do not have any, other way to generate income, when they are unable to do fishing, it is very difficult to get work at, this time. That is why they have to borrow money to make a living. Fishing is also not possible, during natural calamities like tsunamis. Fishing also becomes difficult due to the increasing pollution, in the sea water. To sustain such problems they need to borrow money., 37., A., , Describe how fishermen are affected by pollution., Nowadays, pollution is increasing everywhere. Plastic and polluted water of industries go to the sea, through rivers or drainage and due to this seawater gets polluted. Number of fishes is decreasing, due to pollution. Fishermen have to go far away into the sea for fishing. Due to which fishing, becomes more risky as well as more difficult. More time and money is required for fishing due to, increasing pollution., , 38., , Due to which natural calamity do fishermen have to bear big financial losses?, , A., , Fishermen have to bear big financial losses due to calamities like tsunami, cyclone, etc., , 39., , Government support financially supports those fishermen who have lost their boats in natural, calamities. ( or ), , 40., A., , ( ), , Write a short note on village(rural) livelihood.***, Village people are economically connected to various activities for their livelihood. Most of them, are connected to farming. Apart from farming, other occupations like cattle rearing, tailoring, etc., are common. Some people also work as black smiths, barbers, cobblers, shop keepers, etc., Some small farmers themselves do farm work, others hire farm labourers for their farm work., Some villagers are also involved in retail selling. They own their shops in the village and sell, vegetables, groceries etc. People in villages near sea-shores are involved in fishing and salt making., Some people move to a city or town to earn their livelihood., Life In The City, , 41., A., , Describe different occupations taken up by the people in cities to earn their livelihood., Various types of occupations are seen in the city. Many people are dependent on these occupations., Some people have shops, while some other people are serving in these shops. Some people go to, school or college to teach. Some people are employed in small or big jobs , on the basis of their, skill, for living life. Some people do business on the road side. While some people work as hawkers., , 42., A., 82, , What jobs do people find on the roadside?***, People find many jobs on the roadside. Some of them are as follows:, I am ‘Confident’... I am a Change Maker.

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2nd Proof, , Standard, , : 6 | Social Science, ,  Selling fruits and vegetables in shops or on carts.,  Selling drinking water, cold drinks, wafers, groceries, etc.,  Selling flowers., ,  Cycle repairing, ,  Shoe polishing, ,  Cleaning vehicles, ,  Selling tools for cleaning, toys, etc., ,  Hair-cutting saloons etc., , 43., , Which people in the cities earn their livelihood by moving here and there on the road?, , A., , Many people such as vehicle cleaners, water venders, vendor selling household items on cycles,, people selling toys can be seen moving here and there on the road to earn their livelihood., , 44., , Hair cutting saloons can be seen on streets in cities. ( or ), , 45., , What type of problems are faced due to road side shops ?, , A., , ( ), , Accidents and parking issues are faced due to road side shops. People park their vehicles on the, road to buy something from roadside shops. This creates serious traffic problems and accidents, may take place., , 46., , A person in the city may be involved with more than one work. ( or ), , 47., , For what reason do people from villages move to nearby cities?, , A., , ( ), , When people do not get an opportunity to work in their villages then to earn their livelihood they, move to cities to look for other options of earning. Sometimes, when some villagers who have, enough money to settle in city move to city in order to have a comfortable life or to give better, education to their children., Collective Urban Livelihood, , 48., , Industrial employment is more available in the city. ***, , 49., , How many shifts are there in a unit that works 24 hours a day?, (A) One, , 50., A., , (B) Two, , (C) Three, , (C), (D) Four, , What is overtime in a job or service?, If a person works for more than 8 hours a day, the extra hours are called overtime for which the, person that he has been paid extra money for is called overtime., , 51., A., , Write a short note on urban livelihood.***, There are many industries and businesses found in cities. People mostly do jobs in various companies,, shops etc. and thus get employment in various forms. People who have a fixed job get a fixed salary, and regular income, thus they live comfortably. Businessmen earn better income compared to, villagers. Many people are engaged in more than one work on the basis of occupation or skill. Many, I am ‘Confident’... I am a Change Maker., , 83

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2nd Proof, , Chapter 17 : Livelihood, people work on the side and earn their livelihood. People are also engaged in providing facilities to, others and this becomes the means of their earning., Retail Livelihood, 52., A., 53., A., , What kind of person gets employment easily ?***, In modern times a person having specialized skills gets employment easily., Write a short note on retail employment in cities. ***, There are various types of industries and businesses in cities. So there are many permanent and, temporary work opportunities. Any product produced in factories needs to be channelized to the, consumer through retail shops. Many people in cities get employment in retail shops. The product, is first sold to big traders who then sell it to the retailers to be sold to the consumers. This chain, provides an ample opportunity for employment. Some people are also engaged in tailoring business,, own garages, driving taxis and auto rickshaws etc. and earn their livelihood., , 54., , Match the following:***, A, , B, , (1) Farm labourers, , (A) Gets work permanently, , (1) - C, , (2) Work based on skills, , (B) Can earn in more than one way, , (2) - B, , (3) Industrial Employment, , (C) May not get work for twelve months, , (3) - A, , , , 84, , Answer, , I am ‘Confident’... I am a Change Maker.